端粒酶催化亚单位在病理性瘢痕组织中的表达及意义

目的：观察反映端粒酶的活性的端粒酶催化亚单位在病理性瘢痕组织中的表达情况。方法：实验于2005—05／07在长海医院中心实验室进行。取增生性瘢痕标本和瘢痕疙瘩标本各18例，来源于2004—06／2005—05解放军第二军医大学长海医院整形外科手术患者；正常皮肤标本18例，取自瘢痕邻近的正常皮肤。采用SP免疫组化法，对3组皮肤标本中成纤维细胞端粒酶催化亚单位蛋白表达进行检测，观察其阳性颗粒的平均吸光度A值和阳性面积率。结果：①端粒酶催化亚单位阳性颗粒的平均吸光度：瘢痕疙瘩组高于正常皮肤和增生性瘢痕组（5．940&;#177;0．675，0．456&;#177;0．078，1．352&;#177;0．193，P〈0．01）．增生性瘢痕组高于正常皮肤（P〈0．05）。②端粒酶催化亚单位的阳性面积率：瘢痕疙瘩组高于正常皮肤和增生性瘢痕组[（0．203&;#177;0．025）％，（0．038&;#177;0．010）％，（0．067&;#177;0．011）％，P〈0．01]，增生性瘢痕组高于正常皮肤（P〈0．05）。结论：端粒酶在病理性瘢痕中表达增高，与病理性瘢痕发生、发展及其演变过程密切相关。设想减少端粒酶催化亚单位在病理性瘢痕成纤维细胞的过度表达从而抑制端粒酶活性或许是抑制瘢痕增生的新途径。     

压力疗法联合物理因子治疗烧伤后增生性瘢痕

目的：观察压力疗法联合物理因子治疗烧伤后增生性瘢痕的临床疗效。方法：80例烧伤后增生性瘢痕患者随机分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组进行压力疗法,观察组在此基础上,增加超声波疗法和调制中频电疗法。治疗前后采用温哥华瘢痕量表（VSS ）评估瘢痕情况。结果：治疗4周后,观察组VSS各项评分及总分均较治疗前及对照组明显下降（P＜0．05,0．01）,对照组 VSS各项评分及总分较治疗前有所下降,但差异无统计学意义。结论：压力疗法联合超声波疗法及调制中频电疗法治疗烧伤后增生性瘢痕的患者,临床效果安全可靠。     

血小板源性生长因子及其受全体在增生性瘢痕中表达特征

目的 观察血小板源性生长因子（PDGF）两亚基（A，B）和α和β两种受体在增生性瘢痕形成机制中的作用。方法 用免疫组化方法和常规病理技术检测这四种蛋白在8例增生性瘢痕和8例正常皮肤中的表达变化规律。结果 PDGF－A在正常皮肤与增生性瘢痕中的阳性细胞率分别为（22．4&;#177;7．4）％和（25．5&;#177;6．5）％。从正常皮肤到增生性瘢痕，两亚基含量虽有升高趋势，但差异不明显（P＞0．05）。PDGFR－α在正常皮肤与增生性瘢痕中的阳性率分别（36．7&;#177;4．3）％和（44．2&;#177;5．8）％，而PDGFR－β则分别为（15．3&;#177;4．8）％和（22．9&;#177;5．2）％，两种蛋白在瘢痕中的表达阳性率都显著高于正常皮肤（P＜0．05）。结论 增生性瘢痕形成可能与PDGFR－α和PDGFR－β蛋白高表达有关，而PDGF在增生性瘢痕发生中的作用，还需进一步探讨。     

烧伤湿性医疗技术在深度烧伤临床应用体会

1．1一般资料 从1988年～2004年我科对200例深度烧伤病人应用烧伤湿性医疗技术治疗即美宝湿润烧伤膏创面涂药。病人年龄在68～3个月不等，烧伤面积在8％～94％TBSA之间，深度均为深二度至三度之间。烧伤部位包括头到足等不同部位。创面愈合时间2到8周之间。除三度烧伤留有浅表的小片状瘢痕或条线状瘢痕外，经过半年到10年的随访观察，几乎全部病人烧伤创面愈后皮肤颜色、质地、弹性、外形、功能均明显优于其他治疗方法。     

Langerhans细胞与瘢痕疙瘩形成的相关性

目的：探讨Langerhans细胞与瘢痕疙瘩形成的相关性。方法：应用免疫组织化学（ABC法）观察S－100蛋白及CD1a在瘢痕疙瘩及增生性瘢痕与正常皮肤组织中的表达。结果：瘢痕疙瘩及增生性瘢痕组织中S－100蛋白及CD1a免疫反应阳性的Langerhans细胞明显增多。瘢痕疙瘩及增生性瘢痕与正常皮肤之间差异非常显著（P＜0．01）。瘢痕疙瘩与增生性瘢痕之间差异不显著（P＞0．05）。结论：Langerhans细胞与瘢痕疙瘩的形成关系密切。     

利多卡因防治烧伤后增生性瘢痕的实验研究和临床应用

目的：探讨利多卡因在防治瘢痕中的作用。方法：采取组织块进行增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞（HSFB）体外培养，另选50例膝关节深Ⅱ度烧伤患者分为治疗组（25例，29只）用利多卡因0．75％浓度喷洒创面，对照组（25例，28只）用溶媒喷洒创面。结果：利多卡因对HSFB的生长、胶原合成及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型前胶原基因表达均呈浓度依赖性抑制，其中以0．75％浓度作用最为显著。临床中治疗组的膝关节外观异常发生率，关节活动度和关节功能评分均明显优于对照组（P均＜0．05）。结论：利多卡因可以通过减少Ⅰ、Ⅲ型前胶原基因表达等途径抑制瘢痕增生。     

眼部碱烧伤57例治疗体会

我院自1990年以来共收治眼部碱烧伤57例（68眼），现将治疗体会介绍如下。1临床资料本组57例（68眼），男49例，女8例，年龄4～58岁。单眼烧伤46例，双眼烧伤11例。水泥烧伤27例（32眼），石灰烧伤历例（19眼），氢氧化钠烧伤10例（13眼），氨水烧伤3例（3眼），其它1例（1眼）。烧伤后就诊时间0．5h～5d，多数在1～2h。烧伤程度按全国眼外伤与职业性眼病协作小组通过的分度标准[1]，Ⅰ度13眼，Ⅱ度39眼，Ⅲ度12眼，Ⅳ度4眼。治疗方法：明确致伤物质为碱性后，立即反复用3％硼酸溶液冲洗，细心剔除结膜囊特别是穹隆部残留的碱性物质，视病情…     

圆盘状受体1在瘢痕疙瘩中的作用

目的：观察圆盘状受体1在瘢痕疙瘩不同部位的表达情况，进一步分析其在瘢痕疙瘩形成和发展中的作用。 方法：选择2005-02／06在解放军第二军医大学附属长海医院门诊就诊的3例瘢痕疙瘩患者，均知情同意。瘢痕疙瘩事先均未进行任何治疗，将瘢痕疙瘩分为中央凹陷的老化部、隆起明显的增生部、表面潮红的浸润部及正常皮肤部。体外培养成纤维细胞，通过WESTBLOT实验检测瘢痕疙瘩不同部位圆盘状受体1、p53、基质金属蛋白酶表达情况，应用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。 结果：①WEST BLOT实验检测结果：圆盘状受体1的表达以增生部、浸润部最明显，而老化部次之，正常皮肤部表达最弱。p53表达以老化部、增生部、浸润部为显著，正常皮肤部表达不显著。基质金属蛋白酶在老化部、增生部、浸润部表达强于正常皮肤部，而浸润部较老化部表达更强。②瘢痕疙瘩不同部位细胞凋亡率比较：正常皮肤部细胞凋亡率显著高于老化部及增生部[（10．1&;#177;3．5）％，（6．2&;#177;1．8）％，（5．1&;#177;3．7）％（P〈0．05）]，其中浸润部（4．6&;#177;3．4）％与正常皮肤部相比，差异具有极其显著性意义（P〈0．01）。 结论：在瘢痕疙瘩中表现出圆盘状受体1高表达及成纤维细胞低凋亡的特性，圆盘状受体1强表达区也有p53强表达，以上作用可保护细胞，防止细胞凋亡，而且有利于瘢痕疙瘩的浸润。     

放射治疗对美容术后皮肤瘢痕增生抑制效果的临床研究

目的 探讨放射线治疗对美容术后皮肤瘢痕增生的抑制效果的疗效观察。方法 采用浅部X线治疗机及电子直线加速器对106例美容术后皮肤瘢痕增生进行放射治疗。其中单纯放射治疗43例，美容术后瘢痕增生放射治疗63例。单次照射剂量300cGy，每周照射2次，总照射剂量1500-1800cGy。结果 43例单纯放射治疗总有效率72．1％（31／43）。63例美容术后瘢痕增生放射治疗总有效率为77．8％（49／63）（X^2=0．45，P〈0．05）。术后1周内行放射治疗的39例有效率为79．5％（31／39），术后超过1周的24例有效率为62．5％（15／24）（X^2=2．18，P〈0．01），二者差异具有显著性。后加放射治疗组中有14例2～3个月后因治疗效果不满意接受再次放射治疗，美容术后瘢痕增生抑制率为64．3％（9／14）。结论 放射治疗对美容术后瘢痕增生具有明显的抑制效果。     

重组人表皮生长因子对面部Ⅱ度烧伤创面修复相关作用的比较

目的：观察外用重组人表皮生长因子对面部Ⅱ度烧伤创面修复过程中的治疗作用和安全性。方法：选择2002-06／2004-06广西医科大学第一附属医院烧伤整形康复中心收治的面部浅Ⅱ度烧伤、深Ⅱ度烧伤各60例。以面部左侧为治疗组，右侧为对照组。伤后第3天，治疗组将2000IU／mL的重组人表皮生长因子直接湿敷于创面上半暴露，换药1次／d，至创面愈合；对照组创面单用等渗盐水纱布覆盖半暴露，换药1次／d，至创面愈合。7和14d观察两组患者创面愈合率、愈合时间、疼痛及瘢痕情况及不良反应。采用目测类比评分法（VAS）评估疼痛情况（0分为无痛，10分为极痛）；采用改良温哥华瘢痕测量法测定深Ⅱ度创面瘢痕增生情况（瘢痕指数）。结果：120例患者均进入结果分析。两组患者创面愈合率、愈合时间、疼痛及瘢痕情况的比较：浅Ⅱ度烧伤创面，治疗组7d愈合率显著高于对照组[（72．15＋13．26）％，（59．28&;#177;11．35）％，t=5．7115，P〈0．01]，愈合时间较对照组明显缩短[（9．62＋2．38），（11．27＋2．95）d，t=3．3719，P〈0．01]；深Ⅱ度烧伤创面，治疗组14d愈合率显著高于对照组[（75．03&;#177;21.32）％，（61．24&;#177;18．29）％，t=3．8026，P〈0．01]，愈合时间较对照组明显缩短（（17．62&;#177;3．49），（20．86&;#177;3．97）d，t=4．7772，P〈0．01]，瘢痕指数低于对照组[（7．32&;#177;1．67），（8．78&;#177;1．95），t=4．2541，P〈0．011；两组患者两种创面疼痛评分无明显差别。治疗组治疗过程未见明显毒副作用及不良反应。结论：外用重组人表皮生长因子能显著加快面部Ⅱ度烧伤创面的愈合速度，缩短愈合时间，提高愈合质量，减少瘢痕的形成，无明显不良反应，安全性好。     

无细胞异体真皮基质在烧伤后整形患者功能部位的应用

AIM:To investigate the effect of allogeneic acellular dermal matrix(ADM) on cograft in joint functional positions of patients with post burn plastic operation. METHODS:9 patients with hypertrophic scar and joint dysfunction after severe burns were used. After pre treating with trypsin and TritonX 100, 13 reticulated ADM were overlapped with autogenous ultrathin split thickness skin grafts(USTS), and were transplanted to the scar excision wounds in the joints of four limbs at the same time. The neighbouring autogenous thin split thickness skin grafts(TSTS) were used as control.RESULTS:The composite skin grafts as well as the controls were all survived. The rejection and hypertrophic scars were not found during (1- 5) years follow up studies. The appearance, fiber and function of composite skin grafts were near to normal skins. CONCLUSION:The ADM could be used to joint functional positions of patients with post burn hypertrophic scars and could produce satisfactory plastic results as dermal substitute.     

Microcirculation in hypertrophic scars after burn injury

Hypertrophic scar formation is a common complication after burn injury. Early active scars show hyperemic appearances that change as the scar matures. This is a report on microcirculation in hypertrophic scars after burn injury among 50 Chinese patients with a laser Doppler flowmeter. The average period of follow-up for the patients was 20 months. The microcirculatory response in scars to vasodilation (heat) stimulus was studied. Significant differences (p less than 0.0001) were demonstrated between scars of different clinical grades of maturity when compared with normal skin. The qualitative and quantitative differences in microcirculatory blood flow were correlated with site variations and different physiologic demands from different grades of scars. The study showed that laser Doppler flowmetry was useful in the clinical grading assessment of or for scar maturity.     

转化生长因子βⅠ型受体、Ⅰ型胶原在人皮肤增生性瘢痕组织周边区和中心区的表达

背景:近年来国内外学者对转化生长因子β及其受体的研究较多,但转化生长因子β受体1在增生性瘢痕组织周边区分布情况尚未见报道.目的:比较转化生长因子βⅠ型受体和Ⅰ型胶原在人皮肤增生性瘢痕组织周边区和中心区表达与分布.方法:收集新疆医科大学第一附属医院整形外科和新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院乳腺、头颈外科1999/2002住院及门诊各类瘢痕手术患者30例,其中增生性瘢痕20例;非增生性瘢痕10例.取材瘢痕中心区、周边区及正常皮肤组织,每例6块共180块.用免疫组织化学方法检测组织转化生长因子βⅠ型受体、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白含量,对其阳性反应进行定量统计分析.结果与结论;增生性瘢痕组织转化生长因子βⅠ型受体、Ⅰ型胶原水平明显高于非增生性瘢痕组织和正常皮肤,且免疫阳性反应强.增生性瘢痕周边区转化生长因子β、型受体含量100%,明显高于中心区20%(P<0.05);而Ⅰ型胶原中心区与周边区均为100%,差异无显著性意义.非增生性瘢痕周边区、中心区转化生长因子βⅠ型受体、Ⅰ型胶原差异无显著性意义(P>0.05):正常皮肤组织转化生长因子βⅠ型受体、Ⅰ型胶原含量极少.结果提示,增生性瘢痕周边区转化生长因子βⅠ型受体表达高于中心区,增生性瘢痕周边区的防治可能是临床防治工作的重点.     

早期康复介入对膝部烧伤患者屈曲畸形的预防作用

目的:探讨早期康复介入对预防膝部烧伤患者屈曲畸形的作用。方法:烧伤累及膝部患者30例,随机分为康复组及对照组各15例,均按烧伤常规治疗,待烧伤创面愈合后康复组立即使用动态关节矫形器固定为主,配合硅凝胶瘢痕贴膜贴敷和运动疗法等早期运动训练;对照组给予硅凝胶瘢痕贴膜贴敷。治疗前后评定患者瘢痕增生及膝关节主动活动度的变化。结果:随访18个月,2组患者膝关节主动活动度与治疗前比较均明显提高,康复组明显高于对照组(均P0.05)。治疗后膝部瘢痕评定,康复组显效率明显高于对照组(P0.01)。结论:早期综合协调应用动态关节矫形器、运动训练和敷贴硅凝胶膜,可有效抑制烧伤肥厚性瘢痕增生,预防关节畸形和肢体肌肉萎缩,是全身无中厚供皮区患者治疗的最佳选择。     

血小板源生长因子及其受体在烧伤肉芽组织和增生性瘢痕中的表达

目的探讨血小板源生长因子 (PDGF)及其受体在瘢痕增生过程中的作用。方法采用多克隆抗体并以免疫组织化学方法检测 9例正常真皮、7例肉芽组织及 34例增生性瘢痕标本中的PDGF及其受体和Ⅰ型胶原的表达情况。结果PDGF及其受体在肉芽组织和增生性瘢痕中的表达明显增强 ,在 6个月以内的增生性瘢痕中达到高峰 ,此后逐渐减弱 ;而正常真皮组织中仅少数标本呈微弱表达 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论PDGF及其受体表达的增强可能与瘢痕的增生密切相关     

Early repairing with full thickness skin graft and postoperational rehabilitation treatment of deep burn of hand

Background: To deep burn of hand,Some adopted natural healing,some adopted removal of eschar,thin and intermediate thickness skin flap repairing,But after healing,proliferation and contracture of scar of pigmentation,obvious dryness,no brightness,had elasticity often appeared that would reduce tolerance of abrade and impair function and appearnce of fingers.Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of full thickness skin graft after removal of eschar on deep burn of hand.Unit:169th Hospital of PLA.Subjects: 36 cases of deep burn of hand were investigated including 28 males,8 females,aged 2-46 years old among which were 24 cases of flame burn,6 cases of scald,3 cases of acid burn,2 cases of alkali burn with 8 cases at both hands,3 cases at both palm and dorsum of hand.Intervention:(1)After 6-8d,when edema disappeared,routine therapy was adopted to circular eschar,relief incision;One day before operation,wet packing with antibiotics and bandaging was adopted to achieve relative asepsis circummstance.(2) 0.5 before operatioin,surface of wound was brushed completely,hibitane soaking for 30 min complex iodine sterilizing operation region.(3)Eschar was removed under tourniquet.Necrosed tissue was deleted completely,avoiding injuring vessels (if longe quantity of bone substance was exposed,transferred to other method;After complet hemostasis,wet packing with saline containing antibiotics for 10 min.(4) Full thickness skinflap was reilled to keep apporiate tension.After suture subcutaneous stasis of blood was irrigated;Skin flap was pressed with bits of ganze and compression bandage.Finger and wrist were fixed with plaster support.(5) Antibiotics was used systemicly;Operation part was elevated and stitches were removed after 10d.Movement was started from 15-20d,and increased successively.Result:Wound surface of all cases healed within 25d,survival rate of skin flap was over 95%.After 0.5-1 year of follow-up,no obvious proliferation and spasm of scar and dysfunction were found,outward appearance of hand,elasticity,brightness and abrade tolerance approached normal level.Conclusion: Early full thickness skin graft could promote healing of wound surface in deep burn of hand and decrease incidence of dysfunction leaded by proliferation and spasm of scar.     

Analysis of gene expression patterns in human postburn hypertrophic scars

Hypertrophic scars cause cosmetic disfigurement and limited mobility in burn patients. To better understand the molecular pathophysiology of hypertrophic scar formation, microarray analyses were performed on normal skin and hypertrophic scars from four burn patients. Microarray analyses were determined in an effort to identify genes whose expression discriminated between normal skin and mature, hypertrophic scars. Surgical biopsies were obtained from two pediatric and two adult patients 6 to 15 months after burn injury. Total RNA was isolated from the samples and subjected to microarray analysis using the Affymetrix U95Av2 GeneChip. Results from this analysis revealed 31 probe sets representing genes that were consistently up-regulated at least two-fold in hypertrophic scar specimens from all four patients and four probe sets that were down-regulated. The significance analysis of microarrays algorithm also identified 35 probe sets whose increased expression resulted in the hierarchal clustering of the hypertrophic scar and normal tissue, seven of which were identical to the six genes identified by paired analyses. These six genes all displayed elevated levels of expression in the scar tissue. Proteins encoded by the genes identified included germline oligometric matrix protein, matrix metalloproteinase-16, collagen type 1alpha, pleiotrophin, and thrombospondin-4. Although the results presented here suggest that there may be unique patterns of gene expression in hypertrophic scars that may be important in the evaluation and treatment of hypertrophic scarring, the results must be confirmed with larger datasets.     

A型肉毒素联合复方倍他米松治疗增生性瘢痕患者的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 探究A型肉毒素联合复方倍他米松治疗增生性瘢痕患者的临床效果.方法 此次的117例研究对象均于我院收治的增生性瘢痕患者中选取,选例时间为2019年6月至2020年12月,将其分为对照组(58例)和观察组(59例),分组主要依据随机数字表法统一进行.对照组患者予以复方倍他米松注射液,观察组患者在对照组的基础上予以注射...     

病理性瘢痕中丙二醛含量的测定

目的:了解病理性瘢痕中脂质过氧化水平的变化。方法:应用化学比色法测定正常人皮肤(8例)、增生性瘢痕(10例)、瘢痕疙瘩(10例)及成熟瘢痕(7例)组织中丙二醛的含量。结果:与正常人皮肤比较,增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩中丙二醛含量明显升高(P<0·05),成熟瘢痕与正常人皮肤比较无差异(P>0·05);与成熟瘢痕比较,增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩中MDA含量非常显著升高(P<0·01);增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩比较无差异(P>0·05)。结论:病理性瘢痕中自由基含量增加引起脂质过氧化程度加重,瘢痕过度增生可能与此有关。     

瘢痕移除后瘢痕皮回植原位皮肤再生治疗增生性瘢痕

背景:已有的研究表明原位皮肤再生法可使深Ⅱ度以内烧伤创面和供皮区刨面生理愈合无瘢痕,可促进Ⅲ度烧伤创面坏死组织液化排除、移植皮生长、减少减轻瘢痕,在瘢痕移除创面使用原位皮肤再生法以达到明显减轻瘢痕症状、减少瘢痕的效果,未见相关报道.目的:观察搬痕移除原位皮肤再生法治疗增生性瘢痕的效果.方法:选择烧伤或刨伤后出现多处增生性瘢痕的患者32例,男25例,女7例;年龄16～52岁;瘢痕病程1～11年.每例选择2处瘢痕相似的部位,进行自身对照.实验组采用瘢痕移除、瘢痕皮回植后应用美宝湿润烧伤膏药纱覆盖的原位皮肤再生法治疗:对照组采用瘢痕移除、瘢痕皮回植后应用传统凡士林覆盖治疗.观察比较疗效,应用温哥华瘢痕评估量表评估瘢痕增生情况.结果与结论:两组回植的瘢痕皮均成活.实验组创而愈合速度和质量优于对照组(P<0.05):瘢痕移除后6个月,实验组温哥华瘢痕评估量表评估均优于对照组(户<0.05,P<0.01),瘢痕所致的疼痛、瘙痒等症状消失,皮片平整且颜色较回植前明显改善,与周围皮肤接近.结果提示对自体皮源不足、瘢痕面积大的增生性瘢痕患者或不愿增加新的供皮区创面患者,应用瘢痕移除瘢痕皮回植原位皮肤再生的方法治疗是一种较理想的方法.