生长抑素对重症急性胰腺炎患者血小板参数的影响

目的　探讨重症急性胰腺炎患者血小板参数的变化特点及生长抑素治疗对其的影响。方法　应用血细胞自动分析仪检测轻症急性胰腺炎 (MAP)和重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)患者不同时期血小板计数 (PLT)、血小板容积 (PCT)、平均血小板体积 (MPV)和血小板分布宽度 (PDW )。结果　与MAP组比较 ,SAP患者入院时外周血PLT、PCT明显下降 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,MPV和PDW显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;SAP患者死亡组与存活组比较 ,PLT、PCT明显下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,MPV和PDW明显升高 (P <0 .0 1) ;与常规治疗组比较 ,生长抑素治疗组SAP患者PLT和PCT明显上升 (P <0 .0 1) ,MPV和PDW明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　SAP与MAP患者血小板参数的变化程度明显不同。生长抑素治疗后PLT和PCT升高 ,血小板的活性降低 ,提示生长抑素对SAP患者具有一定的治疗和预防作用。     

2型糖尿病并发冠心病患者血浆总同型半胱氨酸及血小板参数变化

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)并发冠心病(CHD)患者血浆总同型半胱氨酸(tHcy)、血小板参数(PLT、PCT、MPV、PDW)变化的临床意义.方法:将92例T2DM患者分为无并发CHD组(52例)和并发CHD组(40例),分别检测其血浆tHcy、PLT、PCT、MPV、PDW水平,并与健康对照组(56例)比较.结果:T2DM组的tHcy、MPV、PDW、FPG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),PLT显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),PCT与无并发CHD组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);T2DM并发CHD组tHcy、MPV、PDW明显高于无并发CHD组(P＜0.01),PLT显著低于无并发CHD组(P＜0.01),PCT、FPG与无并发CHD组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:T2DM患者,定期检查血小板参数和tHcy水平,并进行针对性的治疗,将有助于T2DM并发CHD的防治.     

老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者血小板参数与其冠脉微炎症状态的相关性

目的探讨冠心病(CHD)合并糖尿病(DM)老年患者血小板参数与冠脉微炎症状态的相关性。方法 HD老年患者117例,根据是否合并DM分为DM组(44例)和非DM组(73例),并选取同时期健康体检人群117例作为对照组。检测三组患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和血小板参数〔血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板压积(PCT)、血小板压积(PDW)、大型血小板比率(P-LCR)〕,分析血小板参数与冠脉微炎症状态的相关性。结果与对照组比较,DM组和非DM组MPV、PCT、PDW、P-LCR和hs-CRP明显升高,PLT显著下降(P0.05);而DM组血小板参数及hs-CRP变化幅度更大,与非DM组差异显著(P0.05);Pearson相关分析显示,DM组患者hs-CRP与MPV、PCT、PDW和P-LCR呈正相关(P0.05),与PLT呈负相关(P0.05)。结论 CHD合并DM老年患者血小板参数与hs-CRP水平高度相关,可作为判断冠脉微炎症程度的重要指标。     

早期联合检测血小板膜糖蛋白及血小板参数对脓毒症患者的临床意义

目的:探讨早期联合检测血小板膜糖蛋白表达水平及血小板参数对脓毒血症患者的临床意义。方法:选取40例脓毒症患者,根据急性生理与慢性健康状况(APACHE)Ⅱ评分分为1组(10分)、2组(10~19分)和3组(20分),所有患者均在确诊24 h内采用全自动血细胞仪检测血小板计数(PLT)、大血小板比率(P-LCR)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW);采用流式细胞仪检测血小板膜糖蛋白CD62P、CD63的表达水平。结果:1随着APACHEⅡ评分升高,患者PLT显著下降,P-LCR、MPV、PDW均显著上升(P0.05);2随着APACHEⅡ评分升高,CD62P、CD63表达均上调(P0.05);3Pearson相关性分析显示:随着PLT的下降,血小板MPV、PDW、P-LCR均逐渐上升,血小板MPV、PDW、P-LCR与PLT呈高度负相关性(r=-0.442、-0.395、-0.472,P0.01),PLT与APACHEⅡ评分呈高度负相关(r=-0.602,P0.01);血小板膜糖蛋白CD62P、CD63表达水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈高度正相关(r=0.603、0.619,P0.01);血小板MPV与CD62P、CD63表达水平均呈正相关(r=0.382、0.310,P0.05),血小板P-LCR、PLT、PDW与CD62P、CD63表达水平之间无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:脓毒症患者早期体内存在血小板高激活状态,根据血小板膜糖蛋白CD62P、CD63及血小板参数可初步判定脓毒症患者病情的变化。     

老年肝硬化患者凝血及血小板功能变化与Child-Pugh分级的关系

目的 探讨老年肝硬化患者凝血及血小板指标的变化及其与Child-Pugh分级的关系.方法 肝硬化患者67例,Child-Pugh分级A级21例,B级24例,C级22例;正常对照组22例.全部受试者均检测凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血小板计数(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT)、平均血小板体积(PCV)、血小板体积分布宽度(PDW),并进行对照分析.结果 老年肝硬化组与正常对照组比较,PLT、PCT显著下降(均P＜0.001),MPV、PDW显著升高(均P＜0.001);肝功能B、C 级与A 级比较,C级PLT 和PCT下降显著(均P＜0.01),MPV、PDW显著升高(均P＜0.01);老年肝硬化患者PT、APTT 均较对照组明显延长(均P＜0.001),FIB 明显降低(P＜0.01).结论 老年肝硬化患者存在明显的凝血、血小板异常,且与肝硬化程度密切相关.     

hs-CRP和血小板参数与心衰患者病情严重程度的关系

目的 探讨心衰患者高敏C反应蛋白hs-CRP和血小板参数与患者病情严重程度的相关性.方法 检测760例心衰患者的hs-CRP、血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)和大血小板比率(P-LCR),将患者按不同分组进行分析.结果 hs-CRP水平随心功能分级增加而增加(P＜0.001).PLT随心功能分级增加而降低,MPV、PDW和P-LCR随心功能分级增加而增加(P＜0.001).将患者按心衰的病因分组,hs-CRP水平在各种心衰病因中无差异(P=0.123),PLT、MPV、PDW和P-LCR在各种病因中均有差异(P＜0.01);心衰患者NT-proB-NP水平与hs-CRP呈正相关(r=0.289,P＜0.001),与PLT(r=-0.139,P=0.001)呈负相关,与MPV(r =0.246,P＜0.001)、PDW(r=0.213,P＜0.001)和P-LCR(r=0.247,P＜0.001)均呈正相关.结论 心衰患者hs-CRP和血小板参数与病情严重程度密切相关,检测这些指标有助于患者的病情评估和疗效监测.     

2型糖尿病患者血小板参数与微血管病变的相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血小板参数与微血管病变的关系。方法选取56例T2DM并发微血管病变(T2DMA)患者为观察组,另选取56例T2DM无微血管病变患者为对照组。测定分析两组患者空腹血糖(FPG)及血小板四项指标:血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV),血小板分布宽度(PDW),血小板压积(PCT)。结果观察组患者MPV、PDW均高于对照组,差异具有统计意义(P0.05);观察组患者PLT低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者PCT、FPG比较,差异无统计意义(P0.05);Logistic回归分析显示MPV与FPG、PDW呈正相关(r=0.12,P0.05;r=0.23,P0.01)。结论 T2DMA患者血小板参数表现异常,MPV、PDW显著升高,检测血小板参数有助于判断T2DMA患者的微血管病变情况,对T2DM及其血管并发症的防治具有重要意义。     

老年冠心病患者检测血小板参数、C反应蛋白及肿瘤坏死因子-α的意义

目的探析动态监测血小板、C-反应蛋白(CRP)及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α在冠心病(CAD)诊治及预后价值。方法 122例老年CAD患者中稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组48例,不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组40例,急性心肌梗死(AMI)组34例。另选取42例健康体检者作为对照组。比较4组基线资料及CRP、TNF-α、血小板压积(PCT)、血小板计数(PLT)、血小板分布密度(PDW)、平均血小板体积(MPV)值。结果 4组基线资料无显著差异(P>0.05)。SAP、UAP、AMI组PDW、MPV、CRP及TNF-α水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),且SAP组明显低于UAP组(P<0.01),而UAP组又明显低于AMI组(P<0.01);SAP、UAP、AMI组PCT及PLT值均显著低于对照组(P<0.01),且SAP组明显高于UAP组(P<0.01),而UAP组又明显高于AMI组(P<0.01)。结论对CAD患者血清CRP、TNF-α表达水平及血小板相关参数值变化的动态监测有助于防治及预后评估。     

血清胰蛋白酶原-2和血细胞比容在急性胰腺炎病情评估中的作用

背景:我国急性胰腺炎(AP)发病率逐年上升,病死率居高不下,探索可用于判断AP病情严重程度的血液生化指标对AP的诊断和治疗具有重要的临床意义。目的:探讨血清胰蛋白酶原-2(TAT-2)和血细胞比容(HCT)在AP病情严重程度中的预测价值。方法:收集2016年9月—2018年6月江阴市人民医院收治的175例AP患者,根据病情严重程度分为轻度急性胰腺炎(MAP)组、中重度急性胰腺炎(MSAP)组、重度急性胰腺炎(SAP)组,并选取同期健康体检者作为对照组。测定血清TAT-2、HCT,并行BISAP评分、APACHEⅡ评分、Balthazar CT评分。采用ROC曲线分析各指标诊断SAP的价值。结果:四组间TAT-2、HCT、BISAP评分、APACHEⅡ评分、Balthazar CT评分相比差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。SAP组TAT-2、HCT明显高于MAP组、MSAP组、对照组(P 0. 05),MSAP组TAT-2、HCT明显高于MAP组、对照组(P 0. 05),MAP组TAT-2、HCT显著高于对照组(P 0. 05)。ROC曲线分析示,TAT-2、HCT以及两者联合预测SAP的敏感性分别为69. 7%、84. 7%、88. 5%,特异性分别为95. 3%、67. 8%、65. 1%,AUC分别为0. 858、0. 783、0. 875。结论:TAT-2、HCT可有效评估AP病情的严重程度,两者联合检测更有助于进一步预测SAP的发生,对于AP的治疗起有重要指导作用。     

D-二聚体在急性胰腺炎中的特点

目的回顾性分析无锡101医院近2年来急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)患者D-二聚体(D-dimer,DD)值与临床特点,探讨DD与病情严重程度的相关性,为其临床研究提供参考.方法收集解放军101医院2014-04-01/2016-04-01AP患者,记载临床特点,根据病情分为轻、中、重3组,分析AP患者DD水平、住院时间、费用、Rason评分及CT严重度指数(CT severity index,CTSI)评分.结果符合要求者共172例,其中轻度急性胰腺炎(mild acute pancreatitis,MAP)组111例,中度重症急性胰腺炎(moderately severe acute pancreatitis,MSAP)组52例,重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)组9例.DD水平在MSAP、SAP组中明显高于MAP组,有统计学意义(P0.01),但MSAP组对比SAP组无明显差异;另外住院天数及费用3组间呈递增,有统计学差异.将3组患者中年龄60岁分为中青年组,年龄≥60岁为老年组,其中SAP、MSAP两组中老年患者明显高于中青年患者(P0.05),SAP组中未见明显差异;老年患者中MAP、MSAP、SAP 3组DD水平均无统计学差异.DD与住院天数、费用、CTSI分级、Ranson评分系统的相关系数分别为0.429、0.436、0.402、0.447,呈正相关.结论 DD在AP患者显著增高,中、重度组尤为明显,与住院时间、费用、评分呈正相关,本研究表明血浆DD体对AP严重程度的早期判断有一定的意义,但对于老年AP患者以及对MSAP和SAP患者的判断效果欠佳.     

Comparison of Severe Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Background

We compared the demographic characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) to those with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods

This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data from all consecutive patients with severe pneumonia who were admitted to the hospital through the emergency department between January 2008 and December 2010.

Results

During the study period, 247 patients had severe pneumonia; of these, 107 had severe CAP and 140 had severe HCAP. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics between the two groups, except for comorbidities. Although the incidence of potentially drug-resistant pathogens was higher in patients with severe HCAP than in those with severe CAP (34 vs. 6 %, P = 0.004), there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of inappropriate antibiotic treatment (16 vs. 3 %, P = 0.143). Finally, clinical outcomes, such as intensive care unit admission, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality, were not different between the two groups. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, a higher PSI score (adjusted OR 1.01; 95 % CI 1.00–1.02; P = 0.024) and the need for mechanical ventilation (adjusted OR 2.62; 95 % CI 1.37–5.00; P = 0.004) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. However, the type of pneumonia was not associated with in-hospital mortality after adjusting for potential confounding factors.

Conclusions

The severity of illness rather than the type of pneumonia might be associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with severe pneumonia.     

Severe extrathoracic sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis may affect functional outcome and sometimes may be a life-threatening condition. Functional outcome is particularly compromised by cutaneous, ocular, nasal, osteoarticular manifestations and some neurological expression. Central nervous system involvement and cardiac sarcoidosis could be life-threatening, as laryngeal and renal involvement. Diagnosis is sometimes very difficult to obtain. Several tissue biopsies are usually necessary to rule out all differential diagnosis. Extrathoracic manifestations of severe sarcoidosis require a corticosteroid therapy, initiated, if life-threatening at a daily dose of 1 mg/kg, usually associated with an other immunosuppressive drug (methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, anti TNFα).     

Severe antibody-mediated agranulocytosis

A 56-year-old female with Crohn's disease was admitted to the hospital with malaise, fever, and a low white blood cell count (0.8 x 10(9)/l) with no granulocytes or myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow. The leucopenia was initially thought to be the result of an infection and she was treated with antibiotics and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, filgrastim). However, the bacterial cultures and viral tests were all negative. The patient's condition deteriorated and she became morbidly ill, but recovered after high dose steroid treatment. Six weeks later she relapsed whilst receiving 7.5 mg daily dose of prednisolone. She recovered quickly after being given high dose methylprednisolone in combination with filgrastim. A high maintenance dose of prednisolone was tapered over 5 months. She has not relapsed since and is currently well. Antibodies to the human neutrophil antigen (HNA)-3a were detected, but these antibodies could not easily explain her agranulocytosis as she had a HNA-3a negative phenotype. It seems plausible that her agranulocytosis was immune mediated through autoantibodies directed towards the early myeloid cells.     

Severe coronary vasospasm

A 50-year-old man, with chronic kidney disease and on dialysis, underwent coronary angiography in the context of acute coronary syndrome, which revealed focal lesions (type A) in the proximal left anterior descending and mid circumflex arteries. Ad-hoc angioplasty was performed on both lesions with direct stenting. An immediate drop in arterial blood pressure was observed and the angiogram showed new lesions with reduced flow throughout the coronary tree, progressing to cardiogenic shock and electromechanical dissociation. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers, intracoronary verapamil was administered and TIMI 3 flow, sinus rhythm and a rise in blood pressure were obtained. Clinical stability was progressively restored. The patient was discharged medicated with calcium channel blockers and nitrates. During follow-up, he was twice readmitted for unstable angina. Coronary angiography revealed findings that could easily have been interpreted as new obstructive lesions, but these resolved after administration of intracoronary nitrates.     

Severe congenital neutropenia

Severe congenital neutropenia (CN) includes a variety of hematologic disorders characterized by severe neutropenia, with absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) below 0.5 x 10(9)/L, and associated with severe systemic bacterial infections from early infancy. One subtype of CN, Kostmann syndrome, is an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized histopathologically by early-stage maturation arrest of myeloid differentiation. CN with similar clinical features occurs as an autosomal dominant disorder and many sporadic cases also have been reported. This genetic heterogeneity suggests that several pathophysiological mechanisms may lead to this common clinical phenotype. Recent studies on the genetic bases of CN have detected inherited or spontaneous point mutations in the neutrophil elastase gene (ELA 2) in about 60% to 80% of patients and, less commonly, mutations in other genes. Acquisition of additional genetic defects during the course of the disease, for example, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor gene mutations and cytogenetic aberrations, indicates an underlying genetic instability as a common feature for all congenital neutropenia subtypes. Data on more than 600 patients with CN collected by the Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry (SCNIR) demonstrate that, regardless of the particular CN subtype, more than 95% of these patients respond to recombinant human (rHu)G-CSF with ANCs that can be maintained above 1.0 x 10(9)/L. Adverse events include mild splenomegaly, osteoporosis, and malignant transformation into myelodysplasia (MDS)/leukemia. If and how G-CSF treatment impacts on these adverse events is not fully understood. In recent analyses the influence of the G-CSF dose required to achieve neutrophil response (ANC >1,000/microL) in the risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been reported. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is still the only treatment available for patients who are refractory to G-CSF treatment.     

急性重症心肌炎并发高度房室传导阻滞1例

正中国人民解放军73121部队医院心血管内科收治1例因"突发晕厥4次"急诊入科的急性重症心肌炎致ST段抬高伴高度房室传导阻滞,该患者病情凶险,进展迅速,而且临床酷似急性心肌梗死表现,易误诊,现将其诊疗经过报道如下。患者男,27岁,未婚,因"突发晕厥4次"急诊入院。患者6 h前平卧在床无明显诱因突发眼前发黑,继而晕厥,意识不清,持续时间不详,伴有小便失