肠道菌群在结直肠癌中的研究进展

人体肠道菌群是一个复杂的系统,由大量的微生物构成.肠道菌群和人类健康与疾病密切相关,且始终保持着动态平衡.肠道菌群之间相互作用,同时与机体共同维持消化,吸收,代谢等功能.近年来,肠道菌群始终是研究的一大热点,有大量研究表明肠道菌群与结直肠癌的发生发展密切相关.本文就肠道菌群与结直肠癌的关系,发病机制及防治作用进行综述,为结直肠癌的研究提供一些新思路.     

肠道菌群在结直肠癌不同阶段的变化

结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)目前发病率及死亡率均较高,严重威胁人们的健康.但其分期不同,预后差异较大,早发现早治疗能够明显改善预后.目前CRC主要筛查手段为肠镜检查,但部分患者不易接受.近期较多研究显示,肠道微生物群与CRC的发生有关,CRC的发生是一个多步骤的过程,在发生癌变前可能经过数十年...     

结直肠癌围手术期治疗对肠道菌群影响的研究进展

结直肠癌是常见的癌症之一,约占全球所有新发癌症病例的10％.附着于肠道上皮的肠道菌群与宿主细胞相互作用,能调节人体诸多生理过程.现有研究已揭示了结直肠癌患者的肠道菌群组分变化,并在动物模型中的功能研究已确定肠道菌群在大肠癌发生中的作用.根治性手术是外科治疗结直肠癌的基础,然而在结直肠癌治疗围手术期的术前肠道准备、抗生素...     

肠道微生态制剂对老年慢性肾衰竭腹膜透析病人残余肾功能、微炎症及氧化应激的影响

目的 观察老年慢性肾衰竭终末期腹膜透析病人经肠道微生态制剂治疗的效果.方法 选取2019年1月至2020年1月期间于我院接受腹膜透析的100例老年慢性肾衰竭终末期病人,采用数字奇偶法分为观察组(奇数)与对照组(偶数),每组各50例.对照组行腹膜透析+常规治疗,观察组接受腹膜透析+常规治疗+肠道微生态制剂治疗,2组均治疗...     

肠道微生态制剂联合谷氨酰胺对大肠癌患者术后免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨肠道微生态制剂联合谷氨酰胺对大肠癌患者术后免疫功能的影响.方法 选择2018年7月至2019年5月广西壮族自治区人民医院收治的大肠癌患者60例,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组30例.对照组术前行传统常规肠道准备(口服复方聚乙二醇或机械清洁灌肠),术后予常规对症支持治疗.观察组术前第3天开始每天口...     

饮食、肠道微生态与结直肠癌

结直肠癌是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在西方国家尤其常见。饮食是结直肠癌的重要影响因素之一。大量的研究证据显示饮食可以通过改变肠道微生态从而影响结直肠癌的发生与发展。它既能通过病原菌产生一系列致癌活动,也能通过改变肠道微生态代谢从而影响肠道上皮细胞。近年来有数据表明,以丁酸盐为代表的短链脂肪酸具有抑制炎症及抗肿瘤作用;而以次级胆汁酸为代表的肠道菌群其他代谢产物,具有促进肿瘤发生发展的作用。在本文中,我们将围绕饮食对肠道微生态及其代谢产物的影响、肠道微生态与结直肠癌的相关作用以及结直肠癌的饮食预防进行介绍和讨论,呼吁未来需要更深入的研究探索饮食、肠道微生态与代谢组学、免疫学、基因宿主反应等的相互作用关系。     

肝硬化并发症肠道微生态的研究现状

肠道内的微生物是人体内最主要、最复杂的微生态系统。肠道微生物群改变导致或加重肝硬化并发症的发生发展,这种改变反过来又会影响肠道微生态的稳定,即所谓的肠-肝轴。本文综述讨论了肝硬化并发症患者肠道微生物群变化的特点及治疗进展。     

结直肠癌根治术后肠道菌群、miR-10a表达变化及微生态肠内营养干预作用

背景 直肠癌根治术为治疗直肠癌的重要方法,但手术引起的肠道菌群失调、基因表达变化均不利于预后改善,积极探索术后肠道菌群、相关基因表达变化情况对指导干预措施的制定具有重要指导价值.目的 探讨结直肠癌根治术后肠道菌群、微小RNA-10a(microRNA-10a,miR-10a)表达变化情况,并分析微生态肠内营养干预的作用...     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术对老年结直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复的影响

目的 探究腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术对老年结直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复的影响.方法 老年结直肠癌患者68例,按照临床治疗方案的不同将其分为研究组与对照组各34例.对照组采用常规性开腹手术,研究组则采用腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术,以此观察两组胃肠功能情况、各手术指标、炎性指标、并发症情况.结果 术后研究组胃泌素及胃动素含量明显高...     

Effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal complications and nutritional status of postoperative patients with esophageal cancer: A protocol of randomized controlled trial

Background:Gastrointestinal complications and malnutrition are common problems that affect postoperative rehabilitation and survival of patients with esophageal cancer. Evidence has shown that probiotics have a positive effect on improving gastrointestinal complications and nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer after surgery, but there is a lack of prospective studies on this topic. We designed this prospective randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal complications and nutritional status in patients with postoperative esophageal cancer.Methods:This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. It was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of our hospital. 192 patients will be randomly divided into probiotics group and the placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. After operation, probiotics and placebo will be given orally for 8 weeks. The indexes of nutritional status and incidence of digestive tract complications will be recorded and the data will be analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software.Discussion:This study will evaluate the effect of probiotics on gastrointestinal complications and nutritional status of postoperative patients with esophageal cancer. The results of this study will provide clinical basis for the use of probiotics in postoperative treatment of esophageal cancer.Trial registration:OSF Registration number: D DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/QHW86     

A randomized double-blind trial on perioperative administration of probiotics in colorectal cancer patients

AIM:To investigate whether probiotic bacteria,given perioperatively,might adhere to the colonic mucosa, reduce concentration of pathogens in stools,and modulate the local immune function. METHODS:A randomized,double-blind clinical trial was carried out in 31 subjects undergoing elective colorectal resection for cancer.Patients were allocated to receive either a placebo(group A,n=10),or a dose of 10 7 of a mixture of Bifidobacterium longum(BB536) and Lactobacillus johnsonii(La1)(group B,n=11),or the same mix...     

Gegen Qinlian decoction enhances immunity and protects intestinal barrier function in colorectal cancer patients via gut microbiota

BACKGROUNDWe previously showed, using the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database, that Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD) had a direct antitumor effect, and was combined with programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 inhibitors to treat microsatellite stable (MSS) tumor-bearing mice. However, the effect of GQD on patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is not clear.AIMTo determine the therapeutic mechanism of GQD in improving immune function, reducing inflammation and protecting intestinal barrier function.METHODSSeventy patients with CRC were included in this study: 37 in the control group and 33 in the treatment group. The proportions of CD4⁺ T, CD8⁺ T, natural killer (NK), NKT and T regulatory cells were measured by flow cytometry. Levels of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10 and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in serum were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of zonula occludens (ZO)-1, occludin, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and TNF-α in tumor and normal tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. The composition of gut microbiota from patients in the treatment group was assessed using 16S rDNA analysis. RESULTSThere were no adverse events in the treatment group. The proportion of CD4⁺ T cells and NKT cells in the post-treatment group was significantly higher than that in the pre-treatment and control groups (P < 0.05). The level of TNF-α in the post-treatment group was significantly lower than that in the pre-treatment and control groups (P < 0.05). The concentration of 5-HT in the post-treatment group was significantly lower than that in the pre-treatment group (P < 0.05). The expression of ZO-1 and occludin in tumor tissues in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of ZO-1 in normal tissues of the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P = 0.010). Compared with the control group, expression of NF-κB and TNF-α in tumor tissues of the treatment group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the pre-treatment group, GQD decreased the relative abundance of Megamonas and Veillonella. In addition, GQD increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Akkermansia and Prevotella. CONCLUSIONGQD enhances immunity and protects intestinal barrier function in patients with CRC by regulating the composition of gut microbiota.     

围手术期腹腔或盆腔热灌注化疗治疗结直肠癌的临床应用

目的:探讨围手术期(术中和术后早期)腹腔或盆腔热灌注化疗治疗结直肠癌的可行性、安全性、毒副作用、并发症和短期抗癌疗效.方法:对我院住院治疗的20例进展期结直肠癌患者术中行根治性或姑息性切除术,术中对腹腔内肉眼可见转移癌灶尽量用电刀戳灭;结肠癌患者术中行腹腔热灌注化疗1次,术后前4 d,每日腹腔热灌注化疗1次,化疗液加热至43-44 ℃,循环灌注60-90 min,共5次;直肠癌患者术中盆腔热灌注化疗1次.结果:术中及术后早期行腹腔或盆腔热灌注化疗成功率为100%,热化疗时间内腹腔内化疗液温度均可达到41-43 ℃,并恒定保持60-90 min.热灌注化疗期间患者生命体征无明显异常,除暂时性发热、腹胀、腹痛外无其他不适,直肠癌患者盆腔少量出血1例,切口愈合延迟1例,无其他明显毒副作用及并发症.随诊率100%,随访3-27 mo.其中腹腔转移2例,盆腔转移1例,局部复发率为15%,肝转移1例,肝转移率5%;结肠癌、直肠癌患者中各有1例分别在术后14,10 mo死于全身广泛转移.结论:围手术期腹腔或盆腔热灌注化疗结直肠癌安全可行,治疗不受环境限制,并可多次进行,毒副作用小,并发症少,可能有利于杀灭腹腔内残余微小癌灶(MC)和游离癌细胞(FCC).     

Role of epigenetics in transformation of inflammation into colorectal cancer

Molecular mechanisms associated with inflammation-promoted tumorigenesis have become an important topic in cancer research. Various abnormal epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA regulation, occur during the transformation of chronic inflammation into colorectal cancer(CRC). These changes not only accelerate transformation but also lead to cancer progression and metastasis by activating carcinogenic signaling pathways. The NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways play a particularly important role in the transformation of inflammation into CRC, and both are critical to cellular signal transduction and constantly activated in cancer by various abnormal changes including epigenetics. The NF-κB and STAT3 signals contribute to the microenvironment for tumorigenesis through secretion of a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their crosstalk in the nucleus makes it even more difficult to treat CRC. Compared with gene mutation that is irreversible, epigenetic inheritance is reversible or can be altered by the intervention. Therefore, understanding the role of epigenetic inheritance in the inflammation-cancer transformation may elucidate the pathogenesis of CRC and promote the development of innovative drugs targeting transformation to prevent and treat this malignancy. This review summarizes the literature on the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in the occurrence and development of inflammation-induced CRC. Exploring the role of epigenetics in the transformation of inflammation into CRC may help stimulate futures studies on the role of molecular therapy in CRC.     

益生菌对大肠癌的防治作用及机制研究进展

大肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是目前最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,CRC的发生及发展与肠道微生态有密切的关系。肠道菌群对于肠道功能的维持及内环境的平衡具有重要作用。肠道菌群失调可通过多种途径促进CRC的发生。益生菌是调节肠道微生态的主要方法,并可通过多种机制发挥抗肿瘤作用。本文综合目前研究进展,从调节肠道代谢产物、保护肠道黏膜屏障完整性、抑制肠道炎症、调节宿主免疫反应、促进凋亡和细胞分化、抑制细胞增殖等方面总结益生菌对癌前病变及CRC的防治作用及机制,为临床肠道微生态的调节及CRC的防治提供指导。     

Probiotics and postbiotics in colorectal cancer: Prevention and complementary therapy

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of human mortality worldwide. As conventional anticancer therapy not always being effective, there is growing interest in innovative “drug-free” cancer treatments or interventions that improve the efficacy of established therapy. CRC is associated with microbiome alterations, a process known as dysbiosis that involves depletion and/or enrichment of particular gut bacterial species and their metabolic functions. Supplementing patient treatment with traditional probiotics (with or without prebiotics), next-generation probiotics (NGP), or postbiotics represents a potentially effective and accessible complementary anticancer strategy by restoring gut microbiota composition and/or by signaling to the host. In this capacity, restoration of the gut microbiota in cancer patients can stabilize and enhance intestinal barrier function, as well as promote anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic or other biologically important biochemical pathways that show high specificity towards tumor cells. Potential benefits of traditional probiotics, NGP, and postbiotics include modulating gut microbiota composition and function, as well as the host inflammatory response. Their application in CRC prevention is highlighted in this review, where we consider supportive in vitro, animal, and clinical studies. Based on emerging research, NGP and postbiotics hold promise in establishing innovative treatments for CRC by conferring physiological functions via the production of dominant natural products and metabolites that provide new host-microbiota signals to combat CRC. Although favorable results have been reported, further investigations focusing on strain and dose specificity are required to ensure the efficacy and safety of traditional probiotics, NGP, and postbiotics in CRC prevention and treatment.     

Effect of perioperative blood transfusions on recurrence of colorectal cancer

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of perioperative blood transfusions on colorectal cancer recurrence. METHODS: All articles published up to December 1996 in English (or with an English abstract) were retrieved, both using MEDLINE and scanning their references, to be considered for this meta-analysis. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one articles were identified, and 99 of them were excluded because they analyzed survival or mortality, were repetitive publications, or were reviews or letters. Thirty-two original studies (9 were prospective) on 11,071 patients were included for further analysis; 20 showed a detrimental effect of perioperative blood transfusions. Nineteen articles used also multivariable techniques, and 11 found perioperative blood transfusions to be an independent prognostic factor. Pooled estimates of the effect of perioperative blood transfusions on colorectal cancer recurrence yielded an overall odds ratio of 1.68 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.54–1.83) and a rate difference of 0.13 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.09–0.17) against patients who received transfusions. Stratified meta-analyses also confirmed these findings when stratifying patients by site and stage of disease. The effect of perioperative blood transfusion was observed in a dose-related fashion, regardless of timing and type, although some heterogeneity was detected. Data on surgical techniques were not available for further analysis. CONCLUSIONS: A consistently detrimental association was discovered between the use of perioperative blood transfusion and colorectal cancer recurrence. Further studies are needed to confirm that blood transfusion has a causal association.Presented in part at the meeting of UCP Club, the Association of the Coloproctology Units of Italy, Milan, Italy, November 11 to 12, 1995.     

Potential of probiotics,prebiotics and synbiotics for management of colorectal cancer

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality and is the fourth most common malignant neoplasm in USA. Escaping apoptosis and cell mutation are the prime hallmarks of cancer. It is apparent that balancing the network between DNA damage and DNA repair is critical in preventing carcinogenesis. One-third of cancers might be prevented by nutritious healthy diet, maintaining healthy weight and physical activity. In this review, an attempt is made to abridge the role of carcinogen in colorectal cancer establishment and prognosis, where special attention has been paid to food-borne mutagens and functional role of beneficial human gut microbiome in evading cancer. Further the significance of tailor-made prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics in cancer management by bio-antimutagenic and desmutagenic activity has been elaborated. Probiotic bacteria are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a healthy benefit on the host. Prebiotics are a selectively fermentable non-digestible oligosaccharide or ingredient that brings specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microflora, conferring health benefits. Synbiotics are a combination of probiotic bacteria and the growth promoting prebiotic ingredients that purport “synergism.”