内镜黏膜下剥离术在治疗胃上皮内瘤变中的应用与评价

目的探讨胃上皮内瘤变行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)的可行性、必要性及疗效。方法对50例内镜下有明确病灶,表现为浅表病变,活检病理为上皮内瘤变的患者,行ESD切除病灶,对比术前术后病理结果,并内镜随访。结果 34例术前活检病理为低级别上皮内瘤变的病灶ESD术后病理诊断为低级别上皮内瘤变22例、高级别上皮内瘤变6例、黏膜内癌4例、黏膜下浅层癌2例。16例术前活检病理为高级别上皮内瘤变的病灶ESD术后病理诊断为慢性炎症肠上皮化生1例、高级别上皮内瘤变5例、黏膜内癌3例、黏膜下层癌7例。结论 ESD治疗内镜下有明确病灶的上皮内瘤变可及时发现早期胃癌,并有效预防胃癌的发生、发展。     

胃食管连接部低级别上皮内瘤变内镜黏膜下剥离术后与术前病理比较分析

目的 探讨胃食管连接部低级别上皮内瘤变（low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,LGIEN）的治疗方案。方法 收集我院2013年1月至2017年6月经胃镜活检病理检查证实胃食管连接部LGIEN的61例患者,行内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）,进行术前与术后病理结果比较分析。结果ESD术后病理诊断炎症6例,LGIEN26例,HGIEN18例,早期胃食管连接部癌11例。术前诊断过度率9.84%（6/61）,术前术后病理一致率42.62%（26/61）,术前诊断不足率47.54%（29/61）,早期癌漏诊率18.03%（11/61）。病灶＜10mm者术前诊断不足率32.43%（12/37）,病灶≥10mm者术前诊断不足率70.83%（17/24）。结论 由于胃食管连接部位置特殊,病灶分布不均,易造成取检偏差,胃镜活检不能全面反映病灶真实情况。另外随着病灶面积增大其术前诊断不足率增加,早期癌漏诊率增加。胃食管连接部低级别上皮内瘤变应尽早ESD干预治疗,既能获得完整病理,完善检查,避免早癌漏诊,又能减轻患者心理负担。     

术前活检在胃黏膜病变内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗中的价值分析

目的 评价术前活检在胃黏膜病变内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗中的应用价值.方法 对195例术前活检明确诊断为胃上皮内瘤变或早癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性总结,统计术前活检诊断与ESD术后病理诊断的差异性.结果 术前活检与术后病理总符合率达93.8％ (183/195),完全一致率为50.8％ (99/195),其中低级别上皮内瘤变完全一致率为49.4％(42/85),高级别上皮内瘤变完全一致率为38.0％(30/79),早癌完全一致率为87.1％ (27/31),早癌诊断一致率明显高于低级别上皮内瘤变和高级别上皮内瘤变(P＜0.05),而低级别上皮内瘤变诊断一致率与高级别上皮内瘤变比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).有66例(33.8％,66/195)术后病理较术前活检病理程度加重,其中低级别上皮内瘤变有36例(42.4％,36/85),高级别上皮内瘤变有30例(38.0％,30/79);有18例(9.2％,18/195)术后病理较术前活检病理程度减轻,其中高别上皮内瘤变有14例(17.7％,14/79),早癌有4例(12.9％,4/31);术后病理证实为炎性组织12例(6.2％,12/195),其中低级别上皮内瘤变有7例(8.2％,7/85),高级别上皮内瘤变有5例(6.3％,5/79).结论 术前活检病理结果不能完全代表胃黏膜病变的性质,但术前活检病理对ESD切除胃黏膜病变具有良好的提示作用.     

胃上皮内瘤变术前活检与内镜黏膜下剥离术后病理差异性的探讨

目的对胃黏膜上皮内瘤变术前活检与内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)后出现病理差异这一现象进行探讨,并分析导致这种差异的原因以及相关影响因素。 方法回顾性分析了2016年7月至2019年6月经江苏省中医院住院行ESD治疗、术前活检为低级别上皮内瘤变(LGIN)/高级别上皮内瘤变(HGIN)的342例患者资料,运用统计学方法分析导致差异的影响因素。 结果342例患者中,187例为LGIN、155例为HGIN。LGIN组中病理一致者占61.5%,升级为HGIN、早期胃癌及以上者分别为21.4%、12.8%,总升级率34.2%,降级为慢性炎症者4.3%。HGIN组病理维持一致者占40.6%,升级为早期胃癌及以上者占52.9%,降级为LGIN者6.5%。多因素回归分析结果显示：病灶位于胃上1/3、表面充血、结节、放大内镜下DL(＋)、MV(＋)是LGIN组病理升级的危险因素;病灶表面结节是HGIN病理升级的危险因素。 结论白光内镜下活检与ESD后病理存在差异,病灶在胃上1/3、表面充血、结节、DL(＋)、MV(＋)是LGIN病理升级的危险因素;病灶表面结节是HGIN病理升级的危险因素。     

早期食管癌及上皮内瘤变内镜黏膜下剥离术后食管狭窄的危险因素

目的 探讨早期食管癌及上皮内瘤变行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)后发生狭窄的危险因素,为临床防治狭窄提供依据。方法 将2015年1月至2020年12月,在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九六〇医院行早期食管癌及上皮内瘤变ESD治疗的155例患者纳入回顾性分析。收集患者一般资料、病变特征、手术及食管狭窄发生情况等资料,用单变量和多变量Logistic回归分析ESD术后狭窄的相关危险因素。结果 155例患者中23例(14.8%)出现食管狭窄,多因素分析表明,ESD术后食管狭窄与病变环周范围>3/4、肿瘤浸润深度m3～sm1、病变纵向长径≥50 mm、食管内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)/ESD病史显著相关。结论 病变环周范围>3/4、肿瘤浸润深度m3～sm1、病变纵向长径≥50 mm、食管EMR/ESD病史是ESD术后食管发生狭窄的独立危险因素。     

蓝激光内镜联合内镜黏膜下剥离术对“低级别上皮内瘤变”的诊治价值

目的评价蓝激光（BLI）放大染色内镜联合内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）对普通胃镜活检提示“低级别上皮内瘤变”的诊治价值。 方法2014年1月至2016年1月,武汉大学人民医院普通胃镜活检提示“低级别上皮内瘤变”,术后3个月行BLI内镜复查发现病灶未愈合甚至有加重趋势,且接受ESD治疗的76例患者纳入回顾性研究,统计ESD的治疗效果和并发症发生情况,以及普通胃镜活检、BLI放大染色内镜分型与ESD术后全瘤病理诊断的符合率。 结果ESD一次性完整切除率和治愈性切除率分别为100.0％（76／76）和97.4％（74／76）,术中出血和穿孔发生率分别为3.9％（3／76）和1.3％（1／76）,无迟发性出血和穿孔。普通胃镜活检、BLI放大染色内镜分型与ESD术后全瘤病理诊断的符合率分别为55.3％（42／76）和92.1％（70／76）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=51.987,P＜0.001）。 结论上消化道低级别上皮内瘤变易被普通内镜活检低估,针对这部分被低估为“低级别上皮内瘤变”的病灶,ESD可用于明确诊断,同时还能给予安全有效的治疗,术前推荐行BLI放大染色内镜检查,病变的BLI分型对ESD切除上消化道黏膜病变有良好的提示作用。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃间质瘤的临床效果分析

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗胃间质瘤的临床效果及手术安全性。方法选取2013年1月至2015年1月在南通市第一人民医院经手术治疗的120例胃间质瘤患者进行回顾性分析,根据手术方法分为ESD组54例、对照组66例(采用传统开腹手术),统计分析两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后恢复指标及手术并发症指标;比较两组肿瘤完全切除率及术后24个月肿瘤复发情况。结果 ESD组患者的手术时间、手术出血量、术后首次肛门排气时间、住院时间均少于对照组(P0.05);ESD组患者的手术并发症发生率(7.41%)低于对照组(21.21%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后病理学检查显示,ESD组与对照组的肿瘤直径、核分裂数、Flether分级比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);ESD组患者手术完全切除率(96.23%)明显高于对照组(81.23%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者中Flether分级高风险患者均采用根治性手术予以治疗;ESD组患者在术后24个月随访,结果显示其肿瘤复发率(5.56%)显著低于对照组(22.73%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ESD治疗胃间质瘤的效果可靠,较传统手术具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症发生率低的优势,且术后复发率低,可在临床上推广应用。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃间质瘤的临床价值分析

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)对比外科手术治疗胃间质瘤的临床可行性。方法 纳入45例胃间质瘤患者,其中26例行ESD治疗(ESD组),19例行腹腔镜手术治疗(外科组),分析两组患者的一般临床特征、病理学资料、术后相关指标及随访结果。结果 与外科组相比,ESD组患者的肿瘤直径较小(P<0.001)、血红蛋白较高(P<0.001);外科组与ESD组相比,除了表现为腹痛、腹胀外,黑便、呕血也较为常见;两组在性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、病变侵犯深度、FAR、PLR、NLR方面无统计学差异。ESD组以极低危(76.92%)为主,外科组以低危(52.63%)为主,两组在危险度分级上差异有统计学意义;在核分裂数和细胞类型分布上,两组之间差异无统计学意义。与外科组相比,ESD组的平均手术时间更短(P<0.001)、平均术后住院时间更短(P<0.001)、平均禁食时间更短(P=0.001)、中位出血量更少(P<0.001)、平均手术费及平均住院总费用更低(P<0.001)。ESD组总并发症(11.54%)与外科组总并发症(21.05%)差异无统计学意义。两组患者都达到...     

内镜黏膜下剥离食管鳞状细胞瘤变

目的评价应用内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)切除食管鳞状细胞瘤变的疗效和安全性。方法对154例早期食管上皮内瘤变患者进行ESD治疗,观察病变的位置、大小、浸润深度、脉管浸润、完整切除率、治愈性切除率、并发症及随访情况。结果切除黏膜平均最大径为3.0 cm,范围1.5～6.5 cm。病变完整切除151例(92.07%),治愈性切除143例(87.20%),术中穿孔3例(1.83%),1例外科手术修补,2例内科保守治疗。纵膈积气或反应性渗出3例,保守治疗痊愈。无术中大出血及术后迟发出血。本院随访1次以上112例,电话随访30例,失访12例。随访发现病变残留2例(1.22%)。结论观察结果显示完整切除率、治愈性切除率与日本的报道结果近似,并发症发生率低于文献报道的平均水平,ESD是治疗食管浅表鳞状细胞瘤变的有效治愈性治疗手段。     

内镜下经多隧道黏膜下剥离术和内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗消化道早癌及癌前病变的疗效及安全性

目的比较内镜下经多隧道黏膜下剥离术(ESMTD)和内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗消化道早癌及癌前病变的疗效及安全性,探讨ESMTD和ESD在消化道早癌及癌前病变的治疗价值。方法选取消化道早癌及癌前病变患者140例。依据手术方式不同,分为ESMTD组(38例)和ESD组(102例)。比较两组术后病灶整块切除率、根治性切除率、操作时间、住院时间、并发症、疼痛程度及随访3、6、12个月的复发率、生活质量核心30问卷调查(QLQ-C30)评分。结果ESMTD组患者术后在整块切除率、根治性切除率明显高于ESD组,在操作时间、住院时间明、术后疼痛程度显著低于ESD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ESMTD组术后并发症发生率显著低于ESD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ESMTD组和ESD组在术后3个月均无复发病例,ESMTD组在术后6、12个月复发率低于ESD组,差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05);ESMTD组在术后3、6、12个月QLQ-C30量表评分均显著高于ESD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ESMTD和ESD治疗消化道早癌及癌前病变疗效显著,且ESMTD在术后病灶整块切除率、根治性切除率、操作时间、住院时间、并发症、疼痛程度及复发率、QLQ-C30评分方面明显优于ESD,安全性较好。     

P504S对活检胃低级别上皮内瘤变行内镜 黏膜下剥离术后病理升级的预测价值

目的分析P504S对胃低级别上皮内瘤变行内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）后病理升级的预测作用。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月—2019年3月华东医院消化内镜室活检为低级别上皮内瘤变（low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,LGIN）行ESD的117例（119个病灶）患者资料,收集活检和ESD标本。根据病理升级情况分为LGIN组（术后病理未升级）和升级组（术后病理升级）。比较LGIN组活检病理、LGIN组术后病理、升级组活检病理、升级组术后病理的P504S阳性率。检测LGIN组和升级组活检病理和术后病理P504S表达的一致性。绘制活检病理P504S染色预测病理升级的受试者工作特征（receiver operator characteristic,ROC）曲线,并计算免疫组化染色评分的cutoff值。 结果P504S阳性率LGIN组活检病理为46.8%（36/77）,低于升级组活检病理73.2%（30/41）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.006）。P504S阳性率LGIN组术后病理为51.9%（40/77）,低于升级组术后病理82.9%（34/41）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）。 在LGIN组内,P504S阳性率活检病理低于术后病理[46.8%（36/77）比51.9%（40/77）,P=0.289]。LGIN组活检和术后病理表达存在一致性,一致性好（K=0.793,P＜0.001）。在升级组内,P504S阳性率活检病理低于术后病理[73.2%（30/41）比82.9%（34/41）,P=0.219]。升级组活检和术后病理表达存在一致性,一致性一般（K=0.579,P＜0.001）。根据活检病理P504S染色预测病理升级的ROC曲线,免疫组化染色评分cutoff值为100,阳性结果发生病理升级的灵敏度为0.659,特异度为0.740。结论ESD术后病理行P504S染色,有助胃黏膜瘤变程度的鉴别诊断。染色评分cutoff值为100时,活检组织P504S染色对病理升级有一定预测作用。     

Predictive factors of endoscopic submucosal dissection procedure time for gastric superficial neoplasia

AIM: To identify the determinants of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) operation time.METHODS: This investigation was conducted as a single-center, prospective study in which ESD was performed by the same endoscopist at the Chinese PLA General Hospital. A total of 173 patients underwent ESD operations performed by Dr. Lu from July 2007 to December 2011, and 183 lesions were enrolled. Patient gender, age, tumor location, gross type, tumor size, pathological type and adhesions were recorded prospectively. The order of treatment represented the experience of the operator. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate the relationships between these factors and ESD procedure time.RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed the ESD time was closely related to the gender (P = 0.0210), tumor size (P < 0.0001), location (P < 0.0001), gross type (P < 0.0001) and adhesion (P = 0.0010). The surgical proficiency level was associated with ESD time in unit area (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the ESD time was positively correlated with tumor size (P < 0.0001), adhesion (P < 0.0001) and location (P < 0.0001), but negatively correlated with surgical proficiency level (P = 0.0046).CONCLUSION: Large tumor size, adjacency to the cardia, and adhesion are predictors of a long ESD time, whereas high surgical proficiency level predicts a short ESD time.     

Grasper type scissors for endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric epithelial neoplasia

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of grasper type scissors(GTS)for endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)of gastric epithelial neoplasia.METHODS:The study was performed by 4 endoscopists in 4 institutions affiliated to The Catholic University of Korea.ESD was performed in 76 consecutive patients with gastric epithelial neoplasia by using the GTS(37 patients)or the hook knife plus coagrasper(HKC)(39 patients).The complete resection rate,complication rate,total time elapsed and elapsed time per square centimeter of the dissected specimen were analyzed between the GTS and HKC group.RESULTS:The mean age of the GTS group was 62.3±11.4 years and mean age of the HKC group was 65.6±10.1 years.Differentiated adenocarcinoma was found in32.4%in the GTS group and 33.3%in the HKC group.The procedures were performed without interruption in every case in both groups.The en bloc resection rates of both groups were 100%.The total time elapsed during the procedure was 44.54±21.72 min in the GTS group and 43.77±21.84 min in the HKC group(P=0.88)and the time elapsed per square centimeter of the resected lesion was 7.53±6.35 min/cm2in the GTS group and 6.92±5.93 min/cm2in the HKC group(P=0.66).The overall complication rate was not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION:GTS is a safe and effective device for ESD compared with HKC.ESD can be performed with GTS alone,which can reduce the costs for ESD.     

Treatment strategy for gastric non-invasive intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy

Treatment strategies,whether as follow-up or"total incisional biopsy"for gastric noninvasive intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosed by examination of an endoscopic forceps biopsy specimen,are controversial due to problems associated with the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic forceps biopsy and questions about the safety and efficacy of endoscopic treatment.Based on the histological findings of the biopsy specimen,it is difficult to differentiate between reactive or regenerative changes,inflammation and neoplastic changes,intraepithelial and invasive tumors.Therefore,gastric neoplasia diagnosed as noninvasive intraepithelial often develop into invasive carcinoma during follow-up.Recent advances in endoscopic modalities and treatment devices,such as image-enhanced endoscopy and highfrequency generators,may make endoscopic treatment,such as endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),a therapeutic option for gastric intraepithelial neoplasia,including low-grade neoplasms.Future studies are required to evaluate whether ESD is a valid strategy for gastric intraepithelial neoplasm with regard to safety and cost effectiveness.     

Surveillance using trimodal imaging endoscopy after endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial gastric neoplasia

AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of trimodal imaging endoscopy(TME)to detect another lesion afterendoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for superficial gastric neoplasia(SGN).METHODS:Surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)using a TME was conducted in 182 patients that had undergone ESD for SGN.Autofluorescence imaging(AFI)was conducted after white-light imaging(WLI).When SGN was suspicious,magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging(ME-NBI)was conducted.Final diagnoses were made by histopathologic findings of biopsy specimens.The detection rates of lesions in WLI,AFI,and NBI,and the characteristics of lesions detected by WLI and ones missed by WLI but detected by AFI were examined.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of endoscopic diagnosis using WLI,AFI and ME-NBI were evaluated.RESULTS:In 242 surveillance EGDs,27 lesions were determined pathologically to be neoplasias.Sixteen early gastric cancers and 6 gastric adenomas could be detected by WLI.Sixteen lesions were reddish and 6were whitish.Five gastric neoplasias were missed by WLI but were detected by AFI,and all were whitish and protruded gastric adenomas.There was a significant difference in color and pathology between the two groups(P=0.006).Sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in MENBI were higher than those in both WLI and AFI.Specificity and accuracy in AFI were lower than those in WLI.CONCLUSION:Surveillance using trimodal imaging endoscopy might be useful for detecting another lesion after endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial gastric neoplasia.     

Management of bleeding and artificial gastric ulcers associated with endoscopic submucosal dissection

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), an endoscopic procedure for the treatment of gastric epithelial neoplasia without lymph node metastases, spread rapidly, primarily in Japan, starting in the late 1990s. ESD enables en bloc resection of lesions that are difficult to resect using conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). However, in comparison to EMR, ESD requires a high level of endoscopic competence and a longer resection time. Thus, ESD is associated with a higher risk of adverse events, including intraoperative and postoperative bleeding and gastrointestinal perforation. In particular, because of a higher incidence of intraoperative bleeding with mucosal incision and submucosal dissection, which are distinctive endoscopic procedures in ESD, a strategy for endoscopic hemostasis, mainly by thermo-coagulation hemostasis using hemostatic forceps, is important. In addition, because of iatrogenic artificial ulcers that always form after ESD, endoscopic hemostasis and appropriate pharma-cotherapy during the healing process are essential.     

Supportive techniques and devices for endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric cancer

The indications for endoscopic treatment have expanded in recent years,and relatively intestinal-type mucosal stomach carcinomas with a low potential for metastasis are now often resected en bloc by endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),even if they measure over 20 mm in size.However,ESD requires complex maneuvers,which entails a long operation time,and is often accompanied by complications such as bleeding and perforation.Many technical developments have been implemented to overcome these complications.The scope,cutting device,hemostasis device,and other supportive devices have been improved.However,even with these innovations,ESD remains a potentially complex procedure.One of the major difficulties is poor visualization of the submucosal layer resulting from the poor countertraction afforded during submucosal dissection.Recently,countertraction devices have been developed.In this paper,we introduce countertraction techniques and devices mainly for gastric cancer.     

Repeat endoscopic submucosal dissection for recurrent gastric cancers after endoscopic submucosal dissection

AIM: To clarify the safety and efficacy of repeat endoscopic submucosal dissection (re-ESD) for locally recurrent gastric cancers after ESD.METHODS: A retrospective evaluation was performed of the therapeutic efficacy, complications and follow-up results from ESD treatment for early gastric cancers in 521 consecutive patients with 616 lesions at St. Luke`s International Hospital between April 2004 and November 2012. In addition, tumor size, the size of resected specimens and the operation time were compared between re-ESD and initial ESD procedures. A flex knife was used as the primary surgical device and a hook knife was used in cases with severe fibrosis in the submucosal layer. Continuous variables were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and are expressed as medians (range). Categorical variables were analyzed using a Fisher’s exact test and are reported as proportions. Statistical significance was defined as a P-value less than 0.05.RESULTS: The number of cases in the re-ESD group and the initial ESD group were 5 and 611, respectively. The median time interval from the initial ESD to re-ESD was 14 (range, 4-44 mo). En bloc resection with free lateral and vertical margins was successfully performed in all re-ESD cases without any complications. No local or distant recurrence was observed during the median follow-up period of 48 (range, 11-56 mo). Tumor size was not significantly different between the re-ESD group and the initial ESD group (median 22 mm vs 11 mm, P = 0.09), although the size of resected specimens was significantly larger in the re-ESD group (median 47 mm vs 34 mm, P < 0.05). There was a non-significant increase observed in re-ESD operation time compared to initial ESD (median 202 min vs 67 min, respectively, P = 0.06).CONCLUSION: Despite the low patient number and short follow-up, the results suggest that re-ESD is a safe and effective endoscopic treatment for recurrent gastric cancer after ESD.