体外热疗与TACE结合治疗中晚期肝癌的临床研究

中晚期原发性肝癌的疗效仍不理想,肝动脉插管灌注化疗加碘油药物栓塞术的疗效虽肯定但易复发,影响远期疗效,一年生存率在30%~60%,2年生存率在20%~40%[1]。本文收集60例肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)术结合体外热疗,与单纯TACE术治疗50例报道如下:1材料与方法两组病例均符合:(1)确诊为原     

体外高频热疗机联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肝癌30例

目的:观察体外高频热疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术(hepatic arterial chemoembolization,TACE)治疗肝癌的疗效.方法:治疗组为体外高频热疗联合TACE(联合组)30例, 单纯TACE组(TACE 组)26例. TACE方法采用Seldinger's氏穿刺法, 体外高频热疗一般在TACE术后第3-5天后进行, 治疗时间为50-60 min, 每例患者平均热疗5次.结果:按WHO实体瘤疗效评定标准, 联合组有效率为51.7%, TACE组有效率为36.0%, 两组比较有统计学差异( P<0.05). 联合组1年生存率58.8%, TACE组为47.35%, 两组比较差异有统计学意义( P<0.05), 联合组的止痛有效率与TACE组比较有统计学差异(75% vs 28.6%,P<0.05).结论:体外高频热疗联合TACE治疗中晚期肝癌具有一定的疗效, 治疗过程中无严重不良反应、无创伤、安全可靠, 值得临床推广应用.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合三维适形放疗治疗原发性肝癌40例

目的:探讨肝细胞性肝癌(HCC)的肝动脉化疗药物栓塞(TACE)联合三维适形放疗(3DCRT)的综合治疗效果.方法:原发性肝癌患者76例,进行前瞻性分组研究,综合治疗组40例行TACE结合3DCRT治疗,对照组36例单纯行TACE治疗.结果:综合治疗组1,2,3年生存率分别为78%,60%,34%;对照组分别为50%,32%,18%(P<0.05).结论:对不能手术切除治疗的原发性肝癌患者,TACE结合3DCRT治疗能明显提高治疗疗效,且无严重毒副作用.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合阿德福韦酯治疗原发性肝癌的疗效观察

目的 探讨经皮肝动脉栓塞化疗术(TACE)联合阿德福韦酯治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效.方法 将106例原发性肝癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组各53例,两组均采用Seldinger技术行TACE治疗,予以肝动脉化疗和碘油栓塞;在此基础上,观察组同时口服阿德福韦酯10 mg、1次/d.治疗前后两组均行甲胎蛋白(AFP)检测及影像学检查,观察肿瘤变化、碘油沉积情况及其充填面积占肿瘤总面积的百分率;并观察记录两组临床疗效.结果 与治疗前及对照组比较,观察组的AFP降低(P＜0.05);总有效率(75.48％)显著高于对照组(60.38％)(P＜0.05).观察组1、2、5年生存率分别为90.57％、75.47％和54.72％;对照组分别为83.02％、54.72％和37.74％,两组比较P均＜0.05.结论 TACE联合阿德福韦酯治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效明显优于单纯行TACE治疗者.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌

目的分析肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法原发性肝癌的患者60例,随机分为对照组(行肝动脉化疗栓塞术)30例,病例组(行肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术)30例,对比研究两组的临床疗效及安全性。结果病例组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者第1年生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);病例组第2、3、5年生存率显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌具有较好的临床疗效,能提高患者远期生存率,安全性与单一行肝动脉化疗栓塞术无显著性差异。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合微波消融治疗原发性大肝癌疗效观察

目的观察肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)联合微波消融治疗原发性大肝癌的疗效。方法将60例大肝癌(肿瘤直径>5 cm)患者按照治疗方法分为观察组28例和对照组32例,观察组采用TACE联合微波消融治疗,对照组仅行TACE。观察两组疗效,ELISA法检测治疗前后血清甲胎蛋白(AFP),记录中位生存时间及6、12、18、24个月累计生存率。结果观察组治疗总有效率为96.4%,对照组为81.3%,两组比较,P<0.05。观察组治疗前后血清AFP水平分别为(399.13±430.214)、(235.31±308.047)U/L,对照组分别为(491.90±439.203)、(609.81±420.135)U/L,两组治疗前与治疗后比较,两组治疗后比较,P均<0.05。观察组中位生存时间为10个月,对照组为7个月。观察组、对照组6个月生存率分别为89%、50%,12个月生存率分别为18%、0,18个月生存率分别为4%、0,24个月生存率分别为0、0,两组6个月、12个月生存率比较,P均<0.05。结论与单行TACE比较,TACE联合微波消融治疗原发性大肝癌疗效较好,且术后患者生存率高。     

生物微球联合碘油经肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗原发性肝癌临床观察

目的观察生物微球联合碘油经肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)治疗不能手术切除的原发性肝癌患者的临床疗效。方法选择本院2010年1月至2012年12月40例行选择性肝动脉栓塞化疗时使用生物微球联合碘油栓塞化疗的原发性肝癌患者和42例行选择性肝动脉栓塞时使用碘油栓塞化疗的患者,每例行栓塞术4次以上,于首次术后1、3、6、12和24 m随访生存患者肝功能、甲胎蛋白、腹部增强CT等变化,比较治疗后病灶缩小程度,观察肿瘤部分缓解率及患者生存率。结果在首次术后3个月时,微球联合组肿瘤缓解率为(57.44%),明显高于TACE组[(45.23%),P0.05],6个月时微球联合组AFP为(296.7±96.3)ng/ml,明显低于TACE组[(346.9±118.3)ng/ml,P0.05],12个月时微球联合组肿瘤直径为(3.36±1.37)cm,明显低于TACE组[(4.98±1.87)cm,P0.05],24个月时微球联合组生存率为(15.0%),明显高于TACE组[(2.3%),P0.05]。结论生物微球联合碘油栓塞化疗治疗患者病灶缩小程度、AFP下降水平、肿瘤部分缓解率及患者生存率明显高于单纯碘油栓塞化疗组,生物微球联合碘油栓塞化疗治疗中晚期原发性肝癌疗效确切,临床疗效优于单纯栓塞化疗,且安全可行。     

立体定向放射联合肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌临床分析

目的探讨立体定向放射治疗联合经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法单纯TACE治疗58例,TACE联合伽玛刀治疗62例肝癌患者,比较治疗后的近期和远期疗效。结果在治疗后3个月,在单纯TACE治疗的58例患者中,总有效率(CR+PR)为60.3%(35/58),在TACE联合伽玛刀治疗组的62例患者中,总有效率(CR+PR)为79.0%(49/62,P0.01);TACE组治疗后1年、2年和3年生存率分别为67.2%(39/58)、34.5%(20/58)和18.9%(11/58),TACE联合伽玛刀组分别为72.6%(45/62)、41.9%(26/62)和22.6%(14/62)。结论立体定向放射治疗联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌是治疗肝癌安全有效的方法,可以提高患者的生存率。     

三维适形放射治疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞及中药治疗原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的:探讨三维适形放射治疗(Three-dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy,3-DCRT)和肝动脉化疗栓塞(Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization,TACE)联合中药癌消软肝煎(Aixiao Ruanganjian,AXRGJ)治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及安全性。方法:124例原发性肝癌患者随机分为三维适形放射治疗和肝动脉化疗栓塞联合中药治疗组(综合组)41例、三维适形放射治疗和肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗组(放介组)44例和肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗组(介入组)39例,3个月治疗结束后,评价其临床疗效、生存率、免疫力及不良反应等。结果:综合组、放介组和介入组的总有效率分别为80.5%、77.3%和53.8%,综合组和放介组的总有效率与介入组的总有效率相比较,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。3组患者的中位生存期分别为352天、341天和281天。综合组和放介组的中位生存期与介入组的中位生存期相比较,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。6个月、12个月及24个月生存率综合组分别为80.5%、43.9%和14.6%;放介组分别为77.3%、40.9%和13.6%;介入组分别为53.8%、28.2%和7.7%;综合组和放介组的生存率与介入组的生存率相比较,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。3组患者治疗前后免疫力(T淋巴细胞亚群)变化,综合组优于放介组与介入组,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。综合组患者白细胞下降、血小板下降、血红蛋白下降和恶心呕吐等不良反应发生率均低于其他两组,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:三维适形放射治疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞及中药癌消软肝煎治疗原发性肝癌有较好的疗效,毒副反应轻,患者耐受性好,安全可靠。     

内生场腹腔热灌注化疗治疗晚期原发性肝癌的临床观察

目的观察内生场腹腔热灌注化疗治疗晚期原发性肝癌患者的安全性和疗效。方法对42例晚期原发性肝癌患者进行以顺铂联合氟尿嘧啶为主的内生场腹腔热灌注化疗,观察化疗前后的效果。另39例原发性肝癌给予一般支持治疗。结果经腹腔热灌注化疗,总有效率（RR）59.5%,腹水控制率81%,两组差异有统计学意义。治疗组和对照组中位生存期分别为17个月和3个月,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗组和对照组累计生存率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。副作用主要为乏力、出汗。结论内生场腹腔热灌注化疗对晚期原发性肝癌有较好的控制,且安全性好。     

An Overview of Molecular Aspects of Iron Metabolism

Iron (Fe) is an essential, but potentially noxious, metal for almost all organisms. Its precise cellular regulation is necessary to ensure synthesis of numerous iron-containing proteins required for metabolic processes yet at the same time avoiding the build-up of potentially toxic levels of iron. In humans, iron-deficiency results in anemia, while excess iron can lead to organ damage as a result of a build-up of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI). In recent years, the cloning of novel proteins has clarified the mechanisms of iron uptake, storage and metabolic regulation. Our current knowledge of the molecular aspects of mammalian iron metabolism and NTBI are presented in this review.     

三七有效组分Rx对兔动脉粥样硬化的实验研究

目的：探讨三七有效组分R。对兔动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法：40只雄性新西兰大白兔随机分成正常对照组、高脂模型组、三七总皂甙组三七有效组分Rx高荆量组、三七总皂甙组三七有效组分Rx低刺量组，喂饲12周后同时处死．分别测定血一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)、PAI、t—PA、血浆脂质过氧化物、红细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)，并行主动脉壁形态学、主动脉壁光镜、透射电镜观察。结果：三七有效组分Rx高、低剂量组明显升高血NO、t—PA，降低血清ET、PAI水平，抗脂质过氧化，提高红细胞内SOD活性。大体形态、光镜、电镜显示，三七有效组分Rx高、低剂量组能减轻动脉粥样硬化病变程度，减少泡沫细胞层数。结论：三七有效组分Rx有干预动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

Methemoglobin Forming Effect of Dimethyl Trisulfide in Mice

Abstract

Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) is a natural organic trisulfide that has been patented as a promising antidotal candidate against cyanide (CN). The primary mode of action of DMTS is as a sulfur donor that enables the conversion of CN to thiocyanate. Recently, it was discovered that DMTS is capable of oxidizing hemoglobin (Hb) to methemoglobin (MetHb) in vitro. The goal of these experiments was to measure the extent of DMTS-induced MetHb formation in vivo. In these experiments, intramuscular (IM) injections of formulated DMTS were administered to mice. Following the IM injection, blood was drawn and analyzed for MetHb using a rapid spectrophotometric method. Methemoglobin levels peaked in a dose-dependent manner between 20 and 30?min., and then began dropping. The highest MetHb levels measured for the 50, 100, 200 and 250?mg/kg doses of DMTS were respectively 3.28, 6.12, 9.69, and 10.76% MetHb. These experiments provide the first experimental evidence that IM administered DMTS generates MetHb in vivo and provide additional evidence for the presence of a secondary therapeutic pathway for DMTS - CN scavenging by DMTS-generated MetHb.     

同型半胱氨酸对血管内皮细胞合成蛋白聚糖的影响

为探讨同型半胱氨酸对血管内皮细胞合成蛋白聚糖的影响，采用400umol／L同型半胱氨酸作用于培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞，以^35S-Na2SO4为示踪物标记细胞合成的蛋白聚糖，通过离子交换层析，凝胶过滤层析分离蛋白聚糖。结果发现，实验组培养液中总蛋白聚糖降低，硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖及硫酸软骨素-硫酸皮肤素蛋白聚糖含量也降低，但其百分含量未见改变。细胞层中蛋白聚糖未见明显变化。     

Papillomavirus Infectious Pathways: A Comparison of Systems

The HPV viral lifecycle is tightly linked to the host cell differentiation, causing difficulty in growing virions in culture. A system that bypasses the need for differentiating epithelium has allowed for generation of recombinant particles, such as virus-like particles (VLPs), pseudovirions (PsV), and quasivirions (QV). Much of the research looking at the HPV life cycle, infectivity, and structure has been generated utilizing recombinant particles. While recombinant particles have proven to be invaluable, allowing for a rapid progression of the HPV field, there are some significant differences between recombinant particles and native virions and very few comparative studies using native virions to confirm results are done. This review serves to address the conflicting data in the HPV field regarding native virions and recombinant particles.     

Variability in the anti-tumor effect of tegafur-uracil depending on histologic types of lung cancer

Background

Tegafur-uracil (UFT) is an anticancer agent that inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS). The degree of TS expression in primary lung cancer (LC) is different according to histologic cell type. In this study, we examined the variability of the anti-tumor efficacy of UFT monotherapy depending on histological subtypes of LC.

Methods

In the current single-institution, retrospective study, we assigned the patients with LC to three histologic groups [the squamous (Sq) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)] group, the non-Sq NSCLC group and the SCLC group] and then compared the clinical response to UFT monotherapy between the three groups.

Results

Our clinical series of 149 patients include 54 cases of Sq NSCLC, 67 cases of non-Sq NSCLC and 28 cases of SCLC. For Sq NSCLC, non-Sq NSCLC and SCLC group, the overall response rates (ORRs) were 1%, 1% and 0% (P=0.522), respectively. The disease control rates (DCRs) were 38.9%, 31.3% and 10.7% (P=0.012), respectively. The median progression-free survivals (PFSs) were 2.68, 2.25 and 1.46 months (P=0.004 for three groups and P=0.773 for two groups except for the SCLC group at the log-rank test), respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups in median overall survival (OS).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the degree of the anti-tumor effect of UFT was higher in patients with NSCLC as compared with SCLC. But it showed no significant difference between the patients with Sq NSCLC and those with non-Sq NSCLC.     

甲状腺素运载蛋白时间分辨免疫荧光试剂盒的制备和效能评价

目的制备甲状腺素运载蛋白(transthyretin,TTR)的时间分辨免疫荧光(time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay,TRFIA)试剂盒并对其性能进行评价。方法将抗TTR的4H2单克隆抗体作为包被抗体包被至96孔板,用Eu^3+标记3E4单克隆抗体作为检测抗体,制备双抗体夹心TRFIA试剂盒,应用该试剂盒对42例川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)患儿及13名健康儿童的血清进行检测,以稀释回收率、准确度、精密度、稳定性等指标对试剂盒的效能进行评价。结果该研究制备的TTR TRFIA试剂盒与Western blot法同时检测42份KD临床样本和13份健康样本,两方法的结果符合率为100%,特异性强。试剂盒的最低检出浓度为0.05μg/ml,稀释回收率为88.00%~111.00%,分析内精密度为8.01%~9.17%,分析间精密度为8.88%~11.82%。稳定性实验表明该试剂盒可在4℃稳定保存6个月,37℃稳定保存7 d。结论该研究制备的TTR TRFIA试剂盒具有准确性高、方便快捷等优点,适用于大批量临床KD血清样品的TTR检测,为快速区分丙种球蛋白敏感型和无反应型的KD患儿提供了方法。     

Palliative management of refractory dyspnea in COPD

COPD is a progressive illness with worldwide impact. Patients invariably reach a point at which they require palliative interventions. Dyspnea is the most distressing symptom experienced by these patients; when not relieved by traditional COPD management strategies it is termed “refractory dyspnea” and palliative approaches are required. The focus of care shifts from prolonging survival to reducing symptoms, increasing function, and improving quality of life. Numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions can achieve these goals, though evidence supporting their use is variable. This review provides a summary of the options for the management of refractory dyspnea in COPD, outlining currently available evidence and highlighting areas for further investigation. Topics include oxygen, opioids, psychotropic drugs, inhaled furosemide, Heliox, rehabilitation, nutrition, psychosocial support, breathing techniques, and breathlessness clinics.     

Prospective study of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of steroid-resistant polymyositis and dermatomyositis

Abstract

High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy has been effective in treating many autoimmune and systemic inflammatory diseases. In the present prospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of IVIG for patients with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) refractory to treatment with high-dose corticosteroids. PM/DM was defined as steroid-resistant when the muscle strength of a patient did not improve despite the administration of more than 50?mg prednisolone per day for more than 4 weeks. A total of 12 patients with biopsy-proven, steroid-resistant PM/DM received one infusion of polyethylene glycol-treated human IgG at a dose of 0.4?g per kg per day for five successive days. Three of the patients received a second infusion. All patients were followed for up to 3 months after the infusion. Finally, 8 patients (6 PM and 2 DM; 5 men and 3 women) aged 29–67 years (mean 48 years) were analyzed. Their clinical response was assessed by changes in (a) subjective signs, i.e., fatigue (visual analog scale, VAS), muscle pain (VAS), activities of daily living (ADL), (b) objective signs, i.e., manual muscle strength (MMT) and serum level of creatine kinase (CK). At 12 weeks after the infusion, the patients showed significant improvement in their scores of muscle strength (from a mean of 67.0 to 81.0) and their ADL scores (from a mean of 27.1 to 39.1). The mean serum CK level decreased significantly from 1287.4 to 612.6?IU/l. In addition, the mean VAS of fatigue decreased significantly from 5.5 to 1.3?cm. The physicians’ assessment showed that 87.5% of patients had improved. The average reduced dose of prednisolone was 47.1?mg/day at 12 weeks after infusion in 7 patients who exhibited improvement. Adverse effects, i.e., asymptomatic myocardial infarction and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), were noted with two of the 15 infusion (13%). Overall, IVIG was found to be safe and effective for refractory PM and DM.     

Usefulness of procalcitonin for diagnosis of infective endocarditis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of procalcitonin (PCT) in predicting infective endocarditis (IE). 23 adult patients with IE, 30 patients with sepsis and 30 with tick-borne encephalitis were included in this prospective study. The PCT serum level, C-reactive protein (CRP), total leukocyte, and immature polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell counts were determined on admission, prior to the institution of antibiotic therapy, and compared according to the diagnosis. The median PCT level in patients with IE endocarditis was 0.81 ng/ml, in patients with sepsis it was 43.74 ng/ml, and in the group with viral infection it was 0.25 ng/ml (P < 0.001). The highest PCT level was found in patients with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve that used PCT to predict IE was 0.722 (95% CI 0.572–0.873), compared with 0.909 (95% CI 0.829–0.989) for CRP, 0.699 (95% CI 0.551–0.846) for immature PMN cell count, and 0.619 (95% CI 0.468–0.770) for leukocyte count. Our study fails to demonstrate superiority of PCT as a diagnostic laboratorial parameter in predicting IE compared to CRP.