青少年网络行为问卷的编制及信效度分析

目的:编制青少年网络行为问卷,为系统评估网络成瘾青少年的网络相关行为特点提供工具。方法:通过开放式访谈和文献复习,建立问卷的初始条目库。采用探索性因素分析技术筛选条目。在湖南永州和长沙市分别取样490例和606例,进行问卷的有关信效度检验。结果:青少年网络行为问卷最终由56个条目构成,其中反映网络使用时间和上网条件等一般情况的条目16条,余40个条目可归纳为9个因子,分别为信息与技术、性与游戏、娱乐放松、网络人际关系、网络效能感、对网络的积极评价、消极评价、上网焦虑、网络满意度。9因子累计可解释方差变异的51.651%。验证性因素分析表明,9因子结构拟合良好,χ2/df=2.780,NFI=0.961,RFI=0.957,IFI=0.975,TLI=0.972,CFI=0.975,RMSEA=0.054。除少数分量表外,各分量表的"系数和重测相关系数较高。结论:青少年网络行为问卷具有较好的结构效度和信度。其实证效度有待进一步检验。     

Measuring Use of Health-Related Support on the Internet: Development of the Health Online Support Questionnaire (HOSQ)

Background

Social support plays an important role for the perceived health in people with health problems and chronic diseases. Provision of different kinds of support during the disease trajectory is crucial for many people. Online support is ubiquitous and represents a promising modality for people with chronic diseases. There are no existing instruments that measure various aspects of online support.

Objective

The objective of this study was to create a generic questionnaire regarding health-related support online that can be applied to people with various health problems and illnesses. Additionally, we wanted to test the questionnaire in a cancer population to assess its adequacy in the context of severe disease.

Methods

Initial items for the Health Online Support Questionnaire (HOSQ) were inspired by sociologist James House regarding social support. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted in healthy persons or with minor health problems (n=243) on 31 initial items. The scale was reduced to 18 items and the internal consistency and reliability of the scale was examined along with content validity. Further validation was conducted by a confirmatory analysis on the 18-item scale in a cancer population (n=215). In addition, data on demographics, health problems experienced, and Internet use were collected.

Results

The exploratory factor analysis on the final 18-item scale resulted in 2 factors. After scrutinizing the content, these factors were labeled “reading” and “interacting” and they demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach alphas .88 and .77, respectively). The factors were confirmed in the cancer population. The response pattern revealed expected differences both between the interaction and reading scales and according to age, gender, education, and health problems thereby supporting the validity of the HOSQ.

Conclusions

The HOSQ may be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the use of online support for people with health problems, but the results ought to be replicated in more studies to confirm the results for different diagnoses. If the results of this study are corroborated by future studies, the HOSQ may be used as a basis for the development of different forms of support on the Internet.     

青少年担忧倾向性问卷的编制

目的:编制一份适合我国青少年的担忧倾向性问卷(WTQ-CA),并验证其信效度。方法:依照"我担忧测验"获得担忧倾向性结构,综合考虑人格倾向性特征,编制了59个项目的初始问卷。分别从福建、江西的普通中小学和大学抽取600名、1400名学生作为预测样本和正式施测样本,收回有效问卷582份、1265份。从正式施测样本中抽取60名学生间隔2周后进行再测,收回有效问卷59份。用预测样本进行项目分析和探索性因素分析,正式施测样本进行验证性因素分析、信度分析和效标效度检验,选用宾州担忧问卷中文版(Ch-PSWQ)、状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)、自评抑郁量表(SDS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)和Frost完美主义问卷(FMPS)为效标。结果:探索性因素分析抽取了学习担忧、关系担忧、健康担忧、未来盲目性和缺乏信心5个因素,共32个项目,累计方差解释率为54.25%;验证性因素分析验证了结构的有效性,各拟合指数分别是χ2/df=3.58,RM SEA=0.06,SRM R=0.05,NNFI=0.87,CFI=0.90;总问卷的内部一致性系数为0.92,各维度的α系数在0.67～0.83之间;总问卷的重测信度为0.74,各维度重测信度在0.68～0.79之间;问卷与各效标间的相关系数在0.14～0.58(均P0.001)。结论:青少年担忧倾向性问卷具有良好的心理测量学特征,适用于我国青少年担忧倾向性的相关研究。     

Comparing Administration of Questionnaires via the Internet to Pen-and-Paper in Patients with Heart Failure: Randomized Controlled Trial

Background

The use of the Internet to administer questionnaires has many potential advantages over the use of pen-and-paper administration. Yet it is important to validate Internet administration, as most questionnaires were initially developed and validated for pen-and-paper delivery. While some have been validated for use over the Internet, these questionnaires have predominately been used amongst the healthy general population. To date, information is lacking on the validity of questionnaires administered over the Internet in patients with chronic diseases such as heart failure.

Objectives

To determine the validity of three heart failure questionnaires administered over the Internet compared to pen-and-paper administration in patients with heart failure.

Methods

We conducted a prospective randomized study using test-retest design comparing administration via the Internet to pen-and-paper administration for three heart failure questionnaires provided to patients recruited from a heart failure clinic in Toronto, Ontario, Canada: the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and the Self-Care Heart Failure Index (SCHFI).

Results

Of the 58 subjects enrolled, 34 completed all three questionnaires. The mean difference and confidence intervals for the summary scores of the KCCQ, MLHFQ, and SCHFI were 1.2 (CI -1.5 to 4.0, scale from 0 to 100), 4.0 (CI -1.98 to 10.04, scale from 0 to 105), and 10.1 (CI 1.18 to 19.07, scale from 66.7 to 300), respectively.

Conclusions

Internet administration of the KCCQ appears to be equivalent to pen-and-paper administration. For the MLHFQ and SCHFI, we were unable to demonstrate equivalence. Further research is necessary to determine if the administration methods are equivalent for these instruments.     

中小学生互联网使用偏好问卷的编制

目的有效地评定中小学生互联网使用偏好。方法通过查阅文献、个别访谈、小规模试用等方法提出了中小学生互联网使用偏好的结构并编制问卷项目。2次探索性因素分析后得到16个项目3个维度的《中小学生互联网使用偏好问卷》。最后对深圳2所学校10个班级420名中小学生的测试结果 ,用LISREL8.8进行验证性因素分析。结果 1该量表具有良好的信度:重测信度为0.704,内部一致性(Cronbach Alpha)系数为0.821,分半信度为0.817;2该量表具有良好的结构效度:χ2/df=3.62,GFI=0.90,NNFI=0.90,CFI=0.92,SRMR=0.078。结论该量表可作为进一步研究的工具。     

The Mediating Effect of Gaming Motivation Between Psychiatric Symptoms and Problematic Online Gaming: An Online Survey

Background

The rapid expansion of online video gaming as a leisure time activity has led to the appearance of problematic online gaming (POG). According to the literature, POG is associated with different psychiatric symptoms (eg, depression, anxiety) and with specific gaming motives (ie, escape, achievement). Based on studies of alcohol use that suggest a mediator role of drinking motives between distal influences (eg, trauma symptoms) and drinking problems, this study examined the assumption that there is an indirect link between psychiatric distress and POG via the mediation of gaming motives. Furthermore, it was also assumed that there was a moderator effect of gender and game type preference based on the important role gender plays in POG and the structural differences between different game types.

Objective

This study had two aims. The first aim was to test the mediating role of online gaming motives between psychiatric symptoms and problematic use of online games. The second aim was to test the moderator effect of gender and game type preference in this mediation model.

Methods

An online survey was conducted on a sample of online gamers (N=3186; age: mean 21.1, SD 5.9 years; male: 2859/3186, 89.74%). The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ), and the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire (POGQ) were administered to assess general psychiatric distress, online gaming motives, and problematic online game use, respectively. Structural regression analyses within structural equation modeling were used to test the proposed mediation models and multigroup analyses were used to test gender and game type differences to determine possible moderating effects.

Results

The mediation models fitted the data adequately. The Global Severity Index (GSI) of the BSI indicated that the level of psychiatric distress had a significant positive direct effect (standardized effect=.35, P<.001) and a significant indirect (mediating) effect on POG (standardized effect=.194, P<.001) via 2 gaming motives: escape (standardized effect=.139, P<.001) and competition (standardized effect=.046, P<.001). The comparison of the 2 main gamer types showed no significant differences in the model. However, when comparing male and female players it was found that women had (1) slightly higher escape scores (on a 5-point Likert scale: mean 2.28, SD 1.14) than men (mean 1.87, SD 0.97) and (2) a stronger association between the escape motive and problematic online gaming (standardized effect size=.64, P<.001) than men (standardized effect size=.20, P=.001).

Conclusions

The results suggest that psychiatric distress is both directly and indirectly (via escape and competition motives) negatively associated with POG. Therefore, the exploration of psychiatric symptoms and gaming motives of POG can be helpful in the preparation of prevention and treatment programs.     

Measuring continuity of care: psychometric properties of the Nijmegen Continuity Questionnaire

Background

Recently, the Nijmegen Continuity Questionnaire (NCQ) was developed. It aims to measure continuity of care from the patient perspective across primary and secondary care settings. Initial pilot testing proved promising.

Aim

To further examine the validity, discriminative ability, and reliability of the NCQ.

Design

A prospective psychometric instrument validation study in primary and secondary care in the Netherlands.

Method

The NCQ was administered to patients with a chronic disease recruited from general practice (n = 145) and hospital outpatient departments (n = 123) (response rate 76%). A principal component analysis was performed to confirm three subscales that had been found previously. Construct validity was tested by correlating the NCQ score to scores of other scales measuring quality of care, continuity, trust, and satisfaction. Discriminative ability was tested by investigating differences in continuity subscores of different subgroups. Test–retest reliability was analysed in 172 patients.

Results

Principal factor analysis confirmed the previously found three continuity subscales — personal continuity, care provider knows me; personal continuity, care provider shows commitment; and team/cross-boundary continuity. Construct validity was demonstrated through expected correlations with other variables and discriminative ability through expected differences in continuity subscores of different subgroups. Test–retest reliability was high (the intraclass correlation coefficient varied between 0.71 and 0.82).

Conclusion

This study provides evidence for the validity, discriminative ability, and reliability of the NCQ. The NCQ can be of value to identify problems in continuity of care.     

平凉市学龄青少年网络成瘾与心理健康因素相关性分析

目的为准确掌握平凉市学龄青少年网络成瘾与心理健康的相关性。方法采用自制基本信息调查问卷、Young的网络成瘾检测标准和症状自评量表(SCL-90)相结合的方法。结果平凉市学龄青少年网络使用率89.77%,网络成瘾率8.06%,男生成瘾是女生的2～4倍,男女青少年互联网的使用率差异不显著(χ2=0.27,P=0.59),男生的网络成瘾检出率显著高于女生(χ2=39.87,P=0.000);城市青少年网络成瘾检出率高于农村(χ2=17.07,P=0.001)。83.9%的青少年上网主要是聊天交友和游戏娱乐。网络成瘾者心理健康水平偏低,与抑郁、精神病、焦虑、人际关系因子间存在中度正相关(P<0.01)。结论学龄青少年网络成瘾者心理健康水平偏低,主要表现为抑郁、精神病倾向,精神焦虑、人际关系差等方面。     

A Brief Web-Based Screening Questionnaire for Common Mental Disorders: Development and Validation

Background

The advent of Internet-based self-help systems for common mental disorders has generated a need for quick ways to triage would-be users to systems appropriate for their disorders. This need can be met by using brief online screening questionnaires, which can also be quickly used to screen patients prior to consultation with a GP.

Objective

To test and enhance the validity of the Web Screening Questionnaire (WSQ) to screen for: depressive disorder, alcohol abuse/dependence, GAD, PTSD, social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, and OCD.

Methods

A total of 502 subjects (aged 18 - 80) answered the WSQ and 9 other questionnaires on the Internet. Of these 502, 157 were assessed for DSM-IV-disorders by phone in a WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview with a CIDI-trained interviewer.

Results

Positive WSQ “diagnosis” had significantly (P < .001) higher means on the corresponding validating questionnaire than negative WSQ “diagnosis”. WSQ sensitivity was 0.72 - 1.00 and specificity was 0.44 - 0.77 after replacing three items (GAD, OCD, and panic) and adding one question for specific phobia. The Areas Under the Curve (AUCs) of the WSQ’s items with scaled responses were comparable to AUCs of longer questionnaires.

Conclusions

The WSQ screens appropriately for common mental disorders. While the WSQ screens out negatives well, it also yields a high number of false positives.     

工作压力下员工偏离行为问卷的初步编制

目的:探索工作压力下中国企业员工偏离行为结构,并编制工作压力下员工偏离行为问卷.方法:采用方便抽样方法,选取湖南、广东等地20多家企业共650名不同层次的员工,经探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析之后形成最终问卷.结果:探索性因素分析结果显示,工作压力下员工偏离行为包括工作疏离、消极怠工、虚报工作、人际退缩、政治性打击、冲突攻击、对抗阻挠、敌对破坏八个维度共26个项目,问卷具有良好的信度.验证性因素分析的结果显示,八维模型结构具有良好的会聚效度和区分效度,该模型较之其他模型拟合优度最佳.结论:工作压力下员工偏离行为问卷的信度和效度均达到了心理测量学的要求,可以在相关研究和实践领域使用.     

Evaluation of the Swedish Version of Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q), Dis-Q-Sweden,Among Adolescents

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Dissociation Questionnaire in a normative adolescent population and also to investigate dissociative symptoms associated with trauma including sexual and physical abuse. A normative sample of 449 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 19 and a clinical group of 74 adolescents with known experiences of trauma, sexual and/or physical abuse was given Dis-Q-Sweden. A mixed group of 22 abused and non-abused adolescents who answered Dis-Q-Sweden was also interviewed by using the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D). A test-retest procedure was conducted with 90 subjects from the normative group. The results showed good reliability concerning both internal consistency and test-retest stability. Validity was tested in several ways (criterion, predictive, construct and concurrent) and found to be satisfactory. Significant differences for the total sum scores of Dis-Q-Sweden were found between the normative group and the clinical group with known sexual abuse (p < 0.001). The prevalence of dissociative symptoms (cut-off score > 2.5) was 2.3% in the normative group and 50% in the clinical group. Dis-Q-Sweden has proven to be a screening instrument with good psychometric properties and has proven to be able to capture dissociative symptoms in adolescents with self-reported trauma and known trauma (sexual abuse).     

中老年人衰老自评问卷的初步编制

目的:编制适合我国中老年人的衰老自评量表。方法:随机抽取湖南等地多个社区的中老年人参与问卷调查。结果:探索性因素分析显示中老年人衰老自评问卷由24个项目组成,包括衰老生理变化、情绪改变、记忆变化、自我评价的变化、对过往事情的追忆程度、思维灵活性的改变和对将来的期望与态度七个因素,这七个因素可解释总变异的64.73%;七个因素可进一步概况为衰老的生理变化、情绪与认知变化以及自我意识与价值变化三个维度,验证性因素分析证明了模型有着较高的结构效度;全问卷的Cronbachα系数为0.886,各维度的Cronbachα系数在0.731-0.825之间,七个因素的Cronbachα系数在0.673-0.716之间。结论:中老年人衰老自评问卷具有较好的信效度,达到了测量学的要求。     

大学生网络利他行为量表的编制

目的:编制大学生网络利他行为量表。方法:通过开放式问卷调查,形成57个项目的量表初稿,然后采用探索性和验证性因素分析对量表结构进行检验。结果:量表包含30个项目,分为4个因子,解释了总变异的54.647%;总量表的α系数、分半信度和重测信度分别为0.937、0.891和0.859,各维度的α系数在0.800～0.878之间,分半信度在0.781～0.858之间,重测信度在0.711～0.813之间;验证性因素分析显示各拟合指数达到要求。结论:大学生网络利他行为量表具有较好的信度和效度,可以作为进一步研究的工具。     

Predictors of Internet use for health information among male and female Internet users: Findings from the 2009 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey

BackgroundThe Internet is an increasingly important source of health information for the general population. Both preventive health behavior and Internet use are known to be different between men and women. However, few studies have compared predictors of Internet use for health information between the sexes.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence and predictors of Internet use for health information among male and female adult Internet users using data from a population-based survey in Taiwan.MethodsRespondents between the ages of 20–65 years were identified from the dataset of the 2009 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey. The outcome variable of the study, the utilization of the Internet for health information, was ascertained by asking whether the respondent had ever used the Internet to search for health information or obtain health services. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for men and women to evaluate factors associated with the use of Internet for health information.ResultsOf the 2741 adults aged 20–65 years who had ever used the Internet, 1766 (64.4%) of them had used it for health information or services. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that a higher educational level (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.60, P < 0.001), living alone (AOR = 1.77, P = 0.019), had exercised in the past two weeks (AOR = 2.41, P < 0.001), residing in city or urban district (AOR = 1.28, P = 0.049), with a perceived health status of extremely good, very good, or good (AOR = 1.34, P = 0.022), and had used Western medicine services in the past month (AOR = 1.51, P = 0.005) were significantly associated with health information use in male Internet users. On the other hand, age between 20–44.9 years (AOR = 1.87, P < 0.001), a higher educational level (AOR = 3.57, P < 0.001), being married (AOR = 1.68, P = 0.001), had exercised in the past two weeks (AOR = 1.56, P < 0.001), and had a mean monthly personal income of NT$ 20,000 and above were significant factors in female Internet users.ConclusionsThis secondary data analysis of a representative sample of Taiwan population revealed that a similar but not identical set of independent factors was associated with the use of Internet for health information between male and female Internet users.     

肠脑健康状况问卷的初步编制及信效度检验

目的编制一份测量肠脑健康状况的问卷并检验其信效度。方法经查阅文献和访谈形成含31项的预测问卷;分别对180名和479名被试进行项目分析和探索性因素分析以及信效度检验,选状态一特质焦虑问卷、自评抑郁量表和阿森斯失眠量表为效标。结果项目分析和探索性因素分析表明包含3个维度：肠道状态、饮食习惯和排便情况,21个项目的肠脑健康状况问卷,共解释了54．7％的变异;信度分析显示各维度信度系数在O．64-O．79之间,重测信度在0．70～0．78之间;效度分析表明各维度能反映总问卷所要测查的内容;各维度与总分间存在显著相关（r=0．488—0．798,P〈0．01）;验证性因素结果显示3因素模型各项拟合指数较好（x。／df=1．728,RMSEA=0．067,CFI=0．869）;肠脑健康状况总分与各效标显著负相关（P〈0．01）。结论初步编制的肠脑健康状况问卷具有良好的信效度,可用于肠脑健康状况的相关研究。     

Using Web-Based Questionnaires and Obstetric Records to Assess General Health Characteristics Among Pregnant Women: A Validation Study

Background

Self-reported medical history information is included in many studies. However, data on the validity of Web-based questionnaires assessing medical history are scarce. If proven to be valid, Web-based questionnaires may provide researchers with an efficient means to collect data on this parameter in large populations.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a Web-based questionnaire on chronic medical conditions, allergies, and blood pressure readings against obstetric records and data from general practitioners.

Methods

Self-reported questionnaire data were compared with obstetric records for 519 pregnant women participating in the Dutch PRegnancy and Infant DEvelopment (PRIDE) Study from July 2011 through November 2012. These women completed Web-based questionnaires around their first prenatal care visit and in gestational weeks 17 and 34. We calculated kappa statistics (κ) and the observed proportions of positive and negative agreement between the baseline questionnaire and obstetric records for chronic conditions and allergies. In case of inconsistencies between these 2 data sources, medical records from the woman’s general practitioner were consulted as the reference standard. For systolic and diastolic blood pressure, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for multiple data points.

Results

Agreement between the baseline questionnaire and the obstetric record was substantial (κ=.61) for any chronic condition and moderate for any allergy (κ=.51). For specific conditions, we found high observed proportions of negative agreement (range 0.88-1.00) and on average moderate observed proportions of positive agreement with a wide range (range 0.19-0.90). Using the reference standard, the sensitivity of the Web-based questionnaire for chronic conditions and allergies was comparable to or even better than the sensitivity of the obstetric records, in particular for migraine (0.90 vs 0.40, P=.02), asthma (0.86 vs 0.61, P=.04), inhalation allergies (0.92 vs 0.74, P=.003), hay fever (0.90 vs 0.64, P=.001), and allergies to animals (0.89 vs 0.53, P=.01). However, some overreporting of allergies was observed in the questionnaire and for some nonsomatic conditions sensitivity of both measurement instruments was low. The ICCs for blood pressure readings ranged between 0.72 and 0.92 with very small mean differences between the 2 methods of data collection.

Conclusions

Web-based questionnaires can be used to validly collect data on many chronic disorders, allergies, and blood pressure readings among pregnant women.     

Validation of the Mental Health Checklist (MHCL) during COVID-19 lockdown

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented disruption to everyday life, including widespread social distancing and self-quarantining aimed at reducing the virus spread. The Mental Health Checklist (MHCL) is a measure developed to assess psychological health during extended periods of isolation and confinement, and has shown strong psychometric properties in community samples and during Antarctic missions. This study validated the MHCL in a sample of 359 U.S. and U.K adults during the peak of the COVID-19 lockdown. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested model fit, and convergent validity analyses were conducted to compare the MHCL with validated measures of depression, anxiety and stress, as well as insomnia. The MHCL exhibited good model fit for most CFA indices, and showed strong convergent validity with other measures of psychological well-being. Findings suggest that the MHCL is useful for assessing mental health in a variety of environments and conditions.