强直性脊柱炎骨质疏松30例临床分析

目的　研究强直性脊柱炎 (AS)骨质疏松的发生情况、相关因素及与骨代谢指标的关系。方法　 3 0例AS患者及对照组 2 0例 ,用双能X线吸收法 (DEXA)测定腰椎、股骨颈骨密度 (BMD) ,用酶联免疫法测定血清骨钙素 (BGP)、骨碱性磷酸酶 (BAP)及尿脱氧吡啶胶原交联 (D Pyr)。结果　AS早期腰椎及股骨颈BMD均较对照组低 ,而晚期椎体周围软组织骨化使腰椎BMD增加 ,但股骨颈BMD仍低于对照组。 3 0例AS中共有 6例骨质疏松 ,10例骨量减少。AS的股骨颈BMD与病程、ESR、CRP、X线分期呈负性相关 ,绝经前女性BMD变化不如男性明显 ,HLA B2 7阳性与阴性患者BMD无明显差异。AS骨质疏松组 ,骨形成的指标BGP、BAP与对照组无明显差异 ,骨吸收的指标D Pyr明显增高。结论　AS继发全身性骨质疏松并不少见 ,其发生与病程、疾病活动指标、疾病严重程度相关 ,AS骨质疏松主要与骨吸收增加有关。     

强直性脊柱炎患者骨质疏松分析

目的 研究强直性脊柱炎（AS）患者骨质疏松的发生及其相关因素。分析骨质疏松与骨代谢指标的关系。方法 对30例AS患者用双能X线吸收法（DEXA）测定腰椎和股骨颈骨密度（BMD），用酶联免疫法测定血清骨钙素（BGP），骨碱性磷酸酶（BAP）及尿脱氧吡啶胶原交联（D-Pyr)。结果 AS早期腰椎及股骨颈BMD均较对照组低，而晚期椎体周围软组织骨化使腰椎BMD增加，但股骨颈BMD仍低于对照组，30例AS患者中，骨质疏松6例，骨量减少10例，AS的股骨颈BMD与病程，血沉（ESR），C-反应蛋白（CRP）和X线分期呈负相关，绝经前女性BMD的变化不如男性明显，HLA-B27阳性与阴性患者BMD无明显差异。AS骨质疏松组，骨形成的指标（BGP，BAP）与对照组比较，差异无显著性，骨吸收的指标（D-Pyr)明显增高。结论 AS继发全身性骨质疏松不少见，其发生与病程，疾病活动性和疾病严重程度相关，AS骨质疏松主要与骨吸收增加有关。     

Bone and stone in ankylosing spondylitis: osteoporosis and urolithiasis

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has well-defined renal complications, but urolithiasis has not been studied in detail. We aimed to evaluate the relation between AS and urolithiasis presence and the effect of this coexistence on the bone mineral status of patients. By dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements at the femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae, we assessed the influence of urolithiasis, disease activity, and duration on bone mineral density (BMD) at different sites. Fifty-three AS patients and 25 control subjects were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 39.49±13.01 years for the AS group and 43.80±10.69 years for the control group, with no statistically significant difference. Patients were accepted as having active disease if two of the following were present: (1) symptomatic peripheral arthritis, (2) erythrocyte sedimentation rate greater than 30 mm/h, (3) C-reactive protein greater than 5 mg/L, and (4) dorsal–lumbar morning stiffness more than 60 min. The ratios of urinary stone presence were 11.32 and 12% for AS and control groups, respectively. We observed that a statistically significant difference in femur neck BMD between AS patients with or without urolithiasis was apparent. The lumbar BMD values were also lower in the urolithiasis subgroup but could not reach the statistical significance. There were no significant BMD alterations in the control group due to stone presence. Comparison of active–inactive disease groups revealed significantly low T scores in either the femur neck or L2–4 regions of patients with higher activity indices, but this difference was more prominent in the femur neck. In the early AS group (23 patients), 18 patients (78.26%) had L2–4 T scores lower than −1 SD, and in the advanced AS population, 19 of 30 patients (63.33%) had either osteopenia or osteoporosis (OP). We conclude that severe disease and concomitant urolithiasis might increase bone loss and fracture risk especially at the femur neck.     

Osteopenia in men with mild and severe ankylosing spondylitis

We investigated the frequency and distribution of osteopenia according to the clinical severity in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Bone mass was measured in men with mild (n=45) and severe AS (n=31) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Definition of clinical severity was based on the Schobers test. Osteopenia was commonly detected (48% in mild AS and 39% severe AS) and, in mild disease, more frequently observed at the lumbar spine than any of the proximal femur sites. In severe AS, however, the frequency of osteopenia at the femoral neck and Wards triangle was as high as at the lumbar spine. Both bone mineral density and T-scores in severe disease were lower than in mild disease at the femur neck, Wards triangle, and total proximal femur, but not in the lumbar spine. The progression of osteopenia may be reflected more reliably at proximal femur sites than at the lumbar spine.     

Bone mineral density and bone turnover in patients with psoriatic arthritis

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease, and conflicting data have been published about osteoporosis and bone turnover markers in patients with psoriatic arthritis. The aim of this study was to assess bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers in psoriatic patients with and without peripheral arthritis and to investigate the relationship between clinical parameters and markers of bone turnover. Forty-seven patients (24 women, 23 men) with psoriasis were included to the study. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were recorded. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were assessed as disease activity parameters. BMD was determined for lumbar spine and total hip by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum Ca, P, alkalen phosphatase (ALP), and serum type I collagen cross-linked C telopeptide (CTX) were measured as bone turnover markers in all patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to their peripheral arthritis status. The clinical and laboratory variables, as well as bone mass status of the groups, were compared with each other. Eighteen patients had peripheral arthritis. All the female patients were premenopausal. None of the patients had radiologically assessed axial involvement. There was no significant difference between the BMD levels of psoriatic patients with and without arthropathy. One patient (5%) had osteoporosis, and nine (50%) patients had osteopenia in arthritic group, while eight (27.5%) patients had osteopenia in patients without arthritis. Serum CTX, ALP, Ca, and P levels were not significantly different in arthritic than in non-arthritic patients (p > 0.05). In patients with psoriatic arthritis, the duration of arthritis was negatively correlated with BMD values of lumbar spine and total femur and serum CTX levels, suggesting an association of increased demineralization with the duration of joint disease. In conclusion, psoriatic patients with peripheral arthritis with longer duration of joint disease may be at a risk for osteoporosis, which can require preventative treatment efforts.     

Bone mineral density in ankylosing spondylitis

Summary Vertebral osteoporosis is a well-recognized feature of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and also the vertebral compression fractures due to osteoporosis are a common but frequently unrecognized complication of AS. Both may contribute to the pathogenesis of spinal deformity and back pain. The aim of this study was to measure vertebral and femoral neck bone mass in patients with AS by dual photon absorptiometry, to determine the prevalence of compression fractures and to examine the relationship between bone density and disease severity. We found that the bone mass was diminished in the lumbar spine in moderate AS versus mild forms but the patients with advanced disease had the highest BMD values. Examination of spinal radiographs revealed compression and biconcave fractures in 9 (40.9%) cases. Neither the duration of the disease and the degree of sacroiliitis, nor the disease activity assessed by laboratory and clinical parameters was found to significantly affect the results.     

Bone turnover markers, anterior pituitary and gonadal hormones, and bone mass evaluation using quantitative computed tomography in ankylosing spondylitis

The objective of this study was to determine bone mineral density (BMD) distribution in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) using quantitative computed tomography (QCT), to study bone turnover and anterior pituitary and gonadal hormonal axis in AS, and to look for correlations between BMD, bone remodeling markers and gonadal and anterior pituitary hormones. Forty-three male consecutive patients with AS were enrolled prospectively [mean (SD) age of 36.4 (11.3) years (range: 17–67) and mean disease duration of 6.8 (5.2) years (range: 0.4–19)]. Spine BMD was measured in all patients by QCT, and the results were compared to 29 male patients undergoing lumbar CT scan for sciatica. Bone turnover and anterior pituitary and gonadal axis were assessed in 29 patients, and the results were compared to 30 male healthy blood donors. The mean (SD) BMD was 127.7 mg/cm³ (48.9) (range: 8.8–265.7) and 152.1 (25.3) (range: 34.2–190.4) in patients and controls, respectively (p=0.018). Patients had lower serum levels of osteocalcin and higher levels of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin than controls with a significant statistical difference. There was a positive significant statistical correlation between BMD and chest expansion, Schobers test, C7-wall distance, and negative significant statistical correlation with age, disease duration, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index (BASRI), and serum prolactin. No correlation was observed between bone turnover parameters and AS symptomatic and structural severity indexes. BMD is lower with increasing age and late and severe disease. Decreased bone formation with normal resorption and increased levels of serum prolactin may be involved in its pathophysiology.     

Bone mineral density in ankylosing spondylitis: Relation to disease activity,functional capacity,spinal mobility and radiological damage

Aim of the workTo assess the bone mineral density (BMD) in Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) patients and to investigate its relation to disease activity, functional capacity, spinal mobility and radiological damage.Patients and methodsThirty male AS patients (mean age 27.9 ± 6.2 and disease duration 4.2 ± 3.6 years) and thirty age-matched healthy controls were studied. Patients were assessed using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) and the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) to quantify radiological damage. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were assessed by Dual Energy X ray Absorptiometry (DEXA).ResultsPatients had a lower BMD of the lumbar spine (1.13 ± 0.14 versus 1.22 ± 0.09 g/cm², p = 0.007) and femoral neck (0.89 ± 0.1 versus 1.05 ± 0.13 g/cm², p = 0.001) than controls. BMD of the lumbar spine was negatively correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI and mSASSS (r = -0.6,-0.4, −0.5, −0.4, −0.5, −0.6; p = 0.001, 0.003, 0.01, 0.01, 0.004, 0.001, respectively) while BMD of the femoral neck was correlated negatively with the ESR,CRP, mSASSS (r = -0.5,-0.4,-0.5, p = 0.001, 0.004, 0.01) and positively with the modified Schöber test (r = 0.41, p = 0.02). On multiple regression analysis, the modified Schöber test, ESR and CRP were independent predictors of the BMD of the femoral neck (β = 0.45,-1.12, 0.58; p = 0.048, 0.02, 0.03, respectively).ConclusionBMD is reduced in AS patients and correlates with disease activity, functional capacity, spinal mobility and radiological damage.     

Vitamin D status in ankylosing spondylitis patients: Relation to bone health,disease activity,functional status,spine mobility and enthesitis

Aim of the workTo evaluate serum levels of vitamin D in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients in relation to bone mineral density, bone metabolism, and disease activity, functional status, spine mobility and extent of enthesitis.Patients and methodsSixty AS patients and 60 controls were included. Bath AS disease activity index (BASDAI), functional index (BASFI), metrology index (BASMI), AS disease activity score (ASDAS), and Maastricht AS enthesitis score (MASES) were assessed. Serum levels of vitamin D3, carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen (CTX-1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP) were measured. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was assessed.ResultsPatients mean age was 31.7 ± 9.1 years, disease duration 7.8 ± 4.4 years and were 46 males and 14 females. The mean BASDAI was 3.9 ± 1.02, ASDAS 2.7 ± 0.98, BASFI 3.6 ± 2.1, BASMI 4.5 ± 1.6 and MASES 4.4 ± 3.2. Patients had significantly (p = 0.001) lower levels of vitamin D (13 ± 7.8 vs 29.9 ± 9.5 ng/mL) and higher CTX-1 (547.5 ± 130.1 vs 230.1 ± 34.9 pg/mL), ALP (195.8 ± 100.8 vs 120.8 ± 10 IU/L) and bALP (48.4 ± 7.3 vs 21.03 ± 3.2 IU/L) compared to controls. Vitamin D significantly correlated with BMD (p = 0.04), inversely with CTX-1 (r = −0.22,p < 0.001), ALP (r = −0.03,p = 0.005), bALP (r = -0.22,p = 0.049), BASDAI (r = −0.57,p < 0.001), ASDAS (r =−0.37,p = 0.04), BASMI (r = −0.18,p = 0.03), MASES (r = −0.03,p = 0.008) and sacroiliitis grading (r = −2.4,p < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with peripheral joints affection, enthesitis and not receiving sulfasalazine.ConclusionSerum vitamin D levels were decreased in patients with AS and were more deficient in relation to disease activity and bone turnover. Vitamin D may play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of AS in Egyptian patients which should be more comprehensively investigated.     

Comparison of the effects of alendronate and risedronate on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of once-weekly alendronate sodium and daily risedronate sodium treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal osteoporotic subjects. For this purpose, 50 patients were included in this study and randomly classified into two groups. Group I (n=25) received risedronate (5 mg/day) and group II (n=25) received alendronate Na (70 mg/week). The study duration was limited to 12 months. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by BMD measurements at spine and hip at 6th and 12th months of the treatment, as well as by the measurement of bone turnover markers such as serum osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BASP), urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and calcium/creatine ratio in 24-h urine at 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th months. The evaluation of the changes in BMD in all regions revealed a significant increase in BMD in both groups compared to baseline values except for spine (L2–L4) in alendronate group at 6th and 12th month and femoral neck in risedronate group at 6th month. However, the difference in percentage increase in BMD measurements was not statistically significant between the two groups at 6th and 12th months. In both groups, serum OC, BSAP and urine DPD were found to be significantly attenuated at 1st month of the treatment period, and continued to be lowered throughout the 3rd, 6th and 12th months (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically-significant difference between both groups of patients (P>0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that both treatment protocols provide treatment options of similar efficiencyfor postmenopausal osteoporosis, and have almost-similar effects in enhancing the BMD and in slowing the bone turnover. Risedronate seems to havea more potent effect in the spinal region than that of alendronate, although this potency was not statistically significant.     

定量CT测量强直性脊柱炎患者髋臼骨密度

目的探讨定量CT（QCT）测量成年男性强直性脊柱炎（AS）患者髋臼骨密度（BMD）的价值,研究此类患者髋臼骨量变化。方法选取25例经临床确诊的成年男性AS患者为志愿者,年龄20-44岁,平均（28.6±7.1）岁。分别行双侧髋关节（50个）双能X线吸收仪（DXA）和QCT检查。按照全髋部DXA测定结果,将Z值≤-2.0S的27个髋关节设为试验组,Z值〉-2.0S的23个髋关节设为对照组,比较2组髋臼坐骨体、耻骨体和髂骨体BMD的差异。结果试验组耻骨体、坐骨体BMD值分别为（71.965±35.695）、（87.093±38.413）mg/cm^3,显著低于对照组的（110.526±62.466）、（121.883±39.380）mg/cm^3,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,试验组髂骨体BMD（156.822±41.472）mg/cm^3与对照组（177.948±55.804）mg/cm^3差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;AS患者髋臼髂骨体BMD均显著高于坐骨体和耻骨体BMD（均P〈0.05）;AS患者坐骨体和耻骨体BMD差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论QCT可敏感地反映髋臼不同部位BMD变化。AS患者髋臼的坐骨体、耻骨体较髂骨体更易出现骨密度减低。     

强直性脊柱炎患者骨密度随年龄的变化

目的 采用双能X线吸收法测量强直性脊柱炎患者(AS)不同部位的骨密度(BMD),探讨其与年龄变化的关系,为临床防治AS患者BMD降低提供参考.方法 选取门诊50例符合纽约诊断标准的AS患者,按年龄≤40岁、年龄＞ 40岁分为两组,分别检测其侧位腰椎(L1-L4)、股骨颈、髋关节BMD,以T值≤-1.0定义为BMD降低,包括骨量减少(-2.5＜T＜-1.0)与骨质疏松(T≤-2.5).结果 两组AS患者出现BMD降低的比例均高于正常人,且年龄＞ 40岁组其腰椎BMD减少的比例高于年龄≤40岁组(P＜0.05),而其腰椎平均T值低于年龄≤40岁组(P＜0.05),在股骨颈测得的BMD、骨质疏松比例两组无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 AS患者早期即可出现骨量减少甚至骨质疏松,随着年龄的增长其侧位腰椎BMD降低明显,骨折风险增大.临床上应当提高对AS合并骨质疏松的警惕,及时予补钙等治疗,提高患者的生活质量.     

鲑鱼降钙素鼻喷剂治疗绝经后骨质疏松患者骨密度及骨转换指标的变化

目的 观察鼻喷鲑鱼降钙素(calcitonin)治疗绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMO)患者6个月和12个月后骨密度及骨转换指标的变化.方法 选择PMO患者共67例,给予鼻喷降钙素治疗37例;其余30例PMO患者单纯服用钙剂和维生素D作为对照组.各组分别于用药前和用药后6个月和12个月采用DEXA骨密度仪测定骨密度;定量夹心酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定Ⅰ型胶原N末端肽(NTX)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRACP-5b)、25-羟维生素D,化学发光法测定骨钙素(BGP).结果 5例患者因医疗费用、拒绝坚持治疗退出试验,鼻喷降钙素组共32例完成试验.鼻喷降钙素治疗6个月后可见患者股骨颈和腰椎骨密度均较前有所增加,但仅在腰椎差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而在股骨颈治疗前后骨密度的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗12个月时股骨颈和腰椎骨密度较前均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对照组在治疗6个月时的腰椎和治疗12个月时的股骨颈和腰椎部位骨密度均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).鼻喷降钙素治疗6个月和12个月时,股骨颈和腰椎骨密度均较对照组升高(P＜0.05).鼻喷降钙素治疗6个月后,TRACP-5b、NTX/Cr较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗12个月后,除TRACP-5b、NTX/Cr较前降低更加明显以外(P＜0.01),BALP较治疗前有升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对照组在治疗12个月时,BALP较前有降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).25-羟维生素D在各组经治疗后,均明显升高,差异有统计学意义.结论 本研究结果显示鼻喷降钙素治疗6个月有效,12个月效果显著,可预防骨丢失,增加骨量.

Abstract：

Objective To study the changes of bone mineral density(BMD)and bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients treated with salmon calcitonin nasal spray. Methods Sixty-seven postmenopausal osteoporotic patients were enrolled in our trial. All of them received calcium and vitamin D; 37patients were treated with salmon calcitonin nasal spray for 12 months and the other 30 patients received calcium and vitamin D only. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA)and measurements of a series of bone turnover indices were performed before and after medication for 6 and 12 months. Results After treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray for6 months, BMD in lumbar spine 2-4 increased but no change occurred in femoral neck. However, after treatment for 12 months, BMD in both lumbar spine 2-4 and femoral neck increased. In the control group, BMD in lumbar spine 2-4 decreased after treatment for 6 and 12 months, but BMD in femoral neck decreased only after 12months. Comparing with the control group, after treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray, BMD in lumbar spine 2-4 and femoral neck were increased obviously. The level of TRACP-5b and NTX/Cr decreased after treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray for6 months and 12 months, while BALP increased only after treatment for 12 months. In the control group, BALP decreased after treatment for 12 months. The level of 25-(OH)vitamin D increased after treatment for 6 months and 12 months in both groups. Conclusions Long-term treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray prevents bone loss and may increase bone mass.     

The study of bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with active rheumatoid arthritis

The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate whether there are common markers of bone loss. We evaluated BMD of the femoral neck using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the measured biochemical markers included serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), serum osteocalcin (OC), and serum cross-linked N-telopeptidases of type I collagen (NTx). Serum BALP and NTx concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay, and OC was measured using an immunoradiometric assay. One hundred and forty postmenopausal Japanese women who had not received treatment with bisphosphonates or hormone replacement therapy were entered into the study. Thirty-four patients (41.0%) had femoral osteopenia (T score −1 to −2.5) and 23 patients (27.7%) had osteoporosis (T < −2.5). The body mass index of patients with normal BMD (T score ≥ −1.0) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in patients with osteoporosis at the femoral neck. The T score exhibited a significant negative correlation with age and the duration of RA disease. Serum BALP and serum OC, markers of osteoblast function, were negatively related to erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3). However, serum NTx, a marker of resorptive function, exhibited a positive correlation with ESR, CRP, and MMP-3. From these results, this study suggests that generalized bone loss occurs in active RA and is characterized by evidence of bone resorption that is correlated with the high levels of inflammation. Body mass index, disease duration, and high serum NTx level were common risk factors in osteoporosis of postmenopausal women with RA.     

The study of bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with active rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate whether there are common markers of bone loss. We evaluated BMD of the femoral neck using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the measured biochemical markers included serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), serum osteocalcin (OC), and serum cross-linked N-telopeptidases of type I collagen (NTx). Serum BALP and NTx concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay, and OC was measured using an immunoradiometric assay. One hundred and forty postmenopausal Japanese women who had not received treatment with bisphosphonates or hormone replacement therapy were entered into the study. Thirty-four patients (41.0%) had femoral osteopenia (T score ?1 to ?2.5) and 23 patients (27.7%) had osteoporosis (T < ?2.5). The body mass index of patients with normal BMD (T score ≥ ?1.0) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in patients with osteoporosis at the femoral neck. The T score exhibited a significant negative correlation with age and the duration of RA disease. Serum BALP and serum OC, markers of osteoblast function, were negatively related to erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3). However, serum NTx, a marker of resorptive function, exhibited a positive correlation with ESR, CRP, and MMP-3. From these results, this study suggests that generalized bone loss occurs in active RA and is characterized by evidence of bone resorption that is correlated with the high levels of inflammation. Body mass index, disease duration, and high serum NTx level were common risk factors in osteoporosis of postmenopausal women with RA.     

老年男性骨质疏松症患者骨密度和生化指标的变化

目的：了解老年男性骨质疏松症患者骨密度和骨代谢生化指标变化的特点。方法：对30例老年男性骨质疏松症患者进行腰椎（L2－4）骨密度（BMD）、骨矿含量（BMC）、血和尿骨代谢生化指标的测定,并与对照组进行比较。结果：骨质疏松（OP）组的BMD和BMC均显著小于对照组,分别比对照组下降21．6％和25％;OP组骨形成指标血清碱性磷酸酸（ALP）和C端骨钙素（BGP）明显高于对照组,分别上升25．4％和222％;骨吸收指标尿羟脯氨酸与肌酐的比值（HOP／Cr)和Ⅰ型胶原N－末端肽与肌酐的比值（INTX／Cr)明显高于对照组,分别上升22．6％和223％。OP组血清T水平明显低于对照组,两组血清25－羟维生素D3（25－OH－D3）均在正常低限或低于正常水平。结论：腰椎（L2－4）BMD和BMC是诊断男性骨质疏松症的主要依据;老年男性骨质疏松症患者一部分人属于骨代谢高转换型;雄激素对老年男性骨量的维持起重要作用;老年男性维生素D缺乏质疏松症发生的重要基础。     

类风湿性关节炎患者骨密度变化的临床研究

目的　探讨类风湿性关节炎 (RA)患者骨密度 (BMD)的变化和骨质疏松 (OP)的发生情况及其与临床指标的相关性。方法　采用双能X线骨密度仪 ,测量 5 3例RA患者和 63名正常人的前臂、腰椎和股骨区的BMD ,并同时测定各临床指标。结果　RA患者的骨量丢失较对照组明显(P <0 .0 5 ) ,除股骨颈外 ,各测定部位的BMD均明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1)。RA患者中发生OP组较非OP组年龄更大 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,关节功能更差 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,健康评估表积分更高 (P <0 .0 1) ,握力更低 (P <0 .0 5 )。 2 8例服用糖皮质激素的RA患者中有 13例 ( 4 6.4% )发生OP ,明显高于未服用糖皮质激素组的 5 /2 5 ( 2 0 .0 % ) ( χ2 =4.113 ,P =0 .0 5 ) ,服用激素组腰椎 3 (L3 )的BMD明显低于未服用激素组 (t =2 .163 ,P =0 .0 5 )。LogisticRegression分析显示年龄 (OR =1.10 3 ,P =0 .0 1)和关节功能 (OR =5 .689,P =0 .0 1)为RA患者OP发生的相关因素。结论　RA患者多部位的BMD均显著降低。其BMD的降低和OP的发生是多因素的 ,与年龄、关节炎的严重程度和是否服用糖皮质激素等有关     

Cervical involvement in juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis with bone scintigraphy

Juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis is an unusual disorder which can present with either peripheral arthritis or more classic hip girdle and back symptoms. A 12-year-old child with this disease was admitted with walking disorder, cervical pain, restricted cervical motion, and right ankle swelling. Diffusely increased accumulation of radioactivity in the cervical spine, focally increased accumulation in bilateral sacroiliac joints, and diminished irregular uptake in thoracal spine were detected on technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy. As a result, this imaging technique may give important information for diagnosis and differential diagnosis in juvenile chronic arthritis.     

Effect of TNF-alpha inhibitor treatment on bone mineral density in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. TNF inhibitors have been used to treat AS, but their effect on bone is unclear. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to study the effect of TNF inhibitors on spine and hip BMD in patients with AS.

Methods

Two authors independently searched MEDLINE and PubMed for longitudinal studies that had assessed the effect of TNF inhibitors on BMD in patients with AS. Studies with a minimum follow-up period of 1 year were included.

Results

Seven longitudinal studies and one randomized control trial were included, with a total of 568 AS patients (mean age range of 36–48 years and disease duration of 9–17 years). Lumbar spine BMD increased by 5.1% (95% CI: 4.0–6.1%, p = 0.00000) after 1 year of treatment with TNF inhibitors and by 8.6% (95% CI: 6.8–10.3%, p < 0.00001) after 2 years. Significant improvements in total hip BMD were also noted after 1 [1.8% (1.0–2.5%)] and 2 years [2.5% (1.9–3.0%)]. Compared to baseline, femoral neck BMD remained stable after 1 year [0.7% (−0.8% to 2.2%), p = 0.34]. No significant heterogeneity was noted amongst the included studies.

Conclusions

TNF inhibitors can increase lumbar spine and total hip BMD and maintain femoral neck BMD for up to 2 years in patients with AS. More research is needed to assess the effect of TNF inhibitors on bone quality and fracture risk.     

Bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in children with haemophilia

Summary. During childhood growth, bone undergoes modelling involving separate osteoblastic and osteoclastic processes. Markers of bone turnover circulate at high concentrations, parallel the childhood growth curve and correlate with height velocity. The aim of this study was to compare serum markers of bone turnover in children with haemophilia and normal bone mineral density (BMD) vs. those with low BMD. In a cross‐sectional study, 69 children with haemophilia were evaluated, 45 children with normal spine BMD vs. 24 with low BMD. Lumbar spine BMD was determined using dual X‐ray absorptiometry and Z‐scores were calculated. Serum samples of markers of bone turnover, osteocalcin (bone formation) and C‐telopeptide of type I collagen (bone resorption) were measured using ELISA. The mean BMD (g cm^?2) in the normal group was 0.656 ± 0.15 vs. 0.558 ± 0.12 in those with low BMD (P = 0.007), osteocalcin levels in children with normal BMD were 9.29 ± 4.97 vs. 7.06 ± 2.17 ng μL^?1 in the low BMD group (P = 0.012). C‐telopeptide levels in the normal group were 1.06 ± 1.4 vs. 0.74 ± 0.3 ng mL^?1 in the low BMD group (P = 0.169). Our results showed that low osteocalcin levels predominated in the group with low BMD, which indicates a diminished osteoblastic bone formation activity while there were no differences with regard to bone resorption markers. Moreover, osteocalcin levels explain 10% of the variation of lumbar spine Z‐score.