武汉地区52例普通型和重型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者临床特征分析

目的：总结武汉地区52例普通型和重型新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者的临床特征,以提高对该病的认识。方法：收集COVID-19普通型25例和重型27例患者的临床资料,对比分析2组患者的临床症状及实验室检查结果,将2组具有差异的指标绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,找出最佳截断值。结果：重型组年龄大于普通型组。主要临床表现有发热、乏力、食欲差、咳嗽、咳痰、喘息气短、腹泻等,其中重型组患者乏力、食欲差表现较普通型更为明显。实验室检查发现27%的患者出现淋巴细胞计数减少,其中重型组淋巴细胞减少例数较普通型患者更多,重型组患者中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）高于普通型;重型组患者血C反应蛋白（CRP）水平高于普通型;52例患者中,天门冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、肌酸激酶（CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)升高患者分别占25.0%、13.5%、13.5%、48.1%,其中重型组患者AST、CK-MB及LDH值高于普通型;ROC曲线结果显示NLR、CRP、AST、LDH预测COVID-19重型患者的曲线下面积均＞0.7,有一定的预测价值。结论：预估COVID-19患者病情时,需结合病史、临床症状、实验室检查等综合评估, NLR、CRP、AST、LDH对COVID-19重型患者有一定的预测价值。     

重型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者临床特征及诊治分析

目的 总结重型新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者临床特征及诊治经验。方法 回顾性分析2020 年1 月27 日至2020 年3 月10 日在我院诊治的重症COVID-19 患者资料。结果 5 例重症COVID-19 患者中,男性2例,女性3 例,年龄47~65 岁,3 例合并基础疾病,主要临床表现为发热、咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、乏力及腹泻等。外周血淋巴细胞绝对值与嗜酸性粒细胞均出现显著降低。胸部CT 表现为外周分布、双肺多发斑片状阴影。5 例重症患者均予抗病毒治疗,康复者血浆治疗1 例,托珠单抗治疗1 例。患者均治愈出院。结论 5 例重症COVID-19 患者以呼吸道症状及消化道症状为主要表现,外周血淋巴细胞及嗜酸性粒细胞显著减少,影像学特点以外周分布的两肺多发斑片状阴影为主,经积极治疗预后良好。     

普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎165例患者的临床和代谢特征

目的:回顾性分析普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)康复患者的临床特征和血清学特点。方法:收集2020年2月23日至3月15日在湖北省武汉市雷神山医院康复出院的165例普通型COVID-19患者临床资料,按年龄分为老年和非老年组,比较2组患者的临床和血清学代谢特征。结果:165例患者中60岁以上老年占49.7%。...     

广西地区9例重型/危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的临床特征分析

［摘要］　目的　分析广西地区重型、危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者的临床特征,为重型、危重型COVID-19患者临床诊治提供参考。方法　收集2020-02-16～2020-03-16广西壮族自治区人民医院邕武医院收治的9例重型、危重型COVID-19患者的病史、实验室检查、影像学等资料,总结临床诊疗经验。结果　9例重型、危重型COVID-19患者年龄41～85岁,男5例,女4例;重型2例,危重型7例。与重型COVID-19患者相比,危重型患者入院时中性粒细胞比例、D-二聚体、降钙素原、乳酸脱氢酶水平相对较高,淋巴细胞计数、血清白蛋白水平相对较低。2例重型患者均需鼻导管/面罩吸氧,2例危重型患者需高流量吸氧,5例危重型患者需行有创机械通气。2例危重型患者需体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）支持治疗。6例危重型患者并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征、肺部细菌真菌感染、多器官功能障碍综合征。入院后28 d评估病情转归,痊愈出院7例;截至3月16日,2例危重型患者COVID-19治愈后,因基础疾病转至非负压病房ICU治疗。结论　综合治疗及个体化治疗可有效改善重型、危重型COVID-19预后。     

1例危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的护理体会

新型冠状病毒肺炎(2019 novel corona virus COVID-19)病原体为2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)[1],2019年12月,中国武汉曝发了COVID-19疫情[2-3],随着疫情的蔓延,我国其他地区及境外也相继出现了此病例.该病作为急性呼吸道传染病已纳入 中华人民共和国传染病防治法 规定乙类传染病,按甲类传染病管理.截至2020年2月20日,中国确诊病例已达75465例,累计出院18264例,累计死亡2236例.NCP分为轻型、普通型、重型及危重型[1].患者最初表现为发烧,有或没有呼吸道症状,但所有患者后来在胸部CT成像[2,4]上出现不同程度的肺部异常.     

中西医结合治疗普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎四例

正罗凌,叶浩,覃雪军,冉果,覃敏智,林俐,卢丹丹     

28例亳州市新型冠状病毒肺炎患者肝损伤的特征分析

目的探讨不同人群2019冠状病毒病(COVID-2019)患者肝损伤情况,进一步了解COVID-2019的致病特点。方法纳入2020年2月1日-2月12日亳州市COVID-2019定点收治医院确诊为COVID-2019伴有肝损伤的28例患者。按照性别和年龄分为男性组(n=15)和女性组(n=13)、青年组(n=10)和中老年组(n=17),检测入院时患者ALT、AST、GGT、ALP和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的水平。计量资料两组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验,计数资料两组间比较采用Fisher确切检验。结果 28例患者出现不同程度的肝损伤,ALT、AST、GGT、ALP和LDH水平在男性组和女性组、青年组和中老年组间差异均无统计学意义(P值均0. 05)。男性组与女性组的ALT、AST、GGT和LDH指标异常率差异均无统计学意义(P值均 0. 05);青年组和中老年组的ALT、AST、GGT指标异常率差异均无统计学意义(P值均 0. 05),但LDH指标异常率差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 COVID-2019患者随着病情的发展会出现不同程度的肝损伤,在轻型及普通型患者中肝损伤与性别及年龄无明显相关性。因此,对COVID-2019患者应注意监测肝功能的变化,慎重选择治疗方法以防肝损伤。     

北京65例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者临床特征分析

目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)确诊病例的流行病学、临床症状及实验室检查指标,为全面总结COVID-19的临床特征与正确评价患者预后提供依据。方法采用回顾性研究方法,以2020年1月20日—2月29日期间本中心收治的65例COVID-19患者为研究对象,根据临床症状将患者分为轻型组(18例),普通型组(31例)和重/危重型组(16例)3组,对所有患者流行病学、临床症状及实验室检查指标进行分析。结果 65例COVID-19患者中男37例(57%),女28例(43%);年龄3～85岁,平均(46.63±18.63)岁。从出现症状到入院平均时长为(7.00±5.02)d,住院时间为(17.07±10.51)d。3组间及两两分组之间年龄比较差异均具有统计学意义(P均0.05),即年龄越大的患者病情越重。相较于轻型组和普通型组患者,重/危重型组患者合并有更多的基础疾病。COVID-19患者临床症状以发热(75%)、咳嗽(57%)、肌痛或乏力(43%)为主,其余症状还包括咳痰,头痛,胸闷、气短及腹泻等。24例(37%)有武汉暴露史,19例(29%)有家族聚集性接触史。实验室检查结果显示:3组患者WBC和淋巴细胞绝对计数降低;D-二聚体,CRP,IL-6及ESR水平升高。在重/危重型组患者中,8例(50%)出现淋巴细胞绝对计数下降,9例(9/14,64%)出现D-二聚体水平升高。此外,重/危重型组患者中,CRP、IL-6、降钙素原和ESR水平都显著升高。COVID-19患者住院时间与淋巴细胞绝对计数呈负相关。结论 COVID-19患者的临床特点复杂,一般以发热、咳嗽、肌痛或乏力为主要症状。与轻型组和普通型组患者相比,重/危重型组患者淋巴细胞绝对计数减少和炎症相关的指标上升更显著,免疫平衡失调,可能影响患者的疾病进展、恢复和预后。     

危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎15例临床分析

目的:分析危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者的临床特征及相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析15例危重型COVID-19患者的临床特征及预后。结果:15例危重型COVID-19患者平均年龄(61. 73±9. 58)岁,≥60岁12例(80%)。男性10例(66. 7%),女性5例(33. 3%)。9例(60%)合并基础疾病。主要临床表现有发热15例(100%),咳嗽12例(80%),气促12例(80%),咯血1例(6. 7%),腹泻2例(13. 3%)。起病至气促平均时间(4. 2±3. 0) d。所有患者的淋巴细胞绝对值都明显降低,(0. 15～0. 63)×109/L,血白蛋白降低者10例(66. 7%),CRP水平升高者15例(100%),D-二聚体水平升高者8例(53. 3%)。氧合指数平均(134. 60±50. 48) mm Hg。整个治疗过程中所有患者都出现并发症,其中急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS) 15例(100%),急性心肌损伤5例(33. 3%),急性肾功能不全3例(20%),急性肝功能不全3例(20%),感染性休克8例(53. 3%),消化道出血1例(6. 7%)。15例患者中继发感染10例(66. 7%),痰或肺泡灌洗液培养中找到多重耐药菌(MDR)者3例(20%),痰培养找到真菌者3例(20%),其中2例(13. 3%)为白色假丝酵母菌,1例(6. 7%)为烟曲霉。死亡6例(40%)。结论:年龄≥60岁、合并基础病、淋巴细胞绝对值降低、白蛋白减低、CRP及D-二聚体水平升高可能是COVID-19患者发展为危重型的重要因素。呼吸衰竭、继发感染可能是危重型COVID-19患者的主要死因。预防MDR和真菌感染对降低患者病死率有重要意义。     

Multicenter Analysis of Clinical Features and Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Hepatic Impairment

Background/AimsRecent data indicate the presence of liver enzyme abnormalities in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to evaluate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of COVID-19 patients with abnormal liver enzymes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, multicenter study of 874 COVID-19 patients admitted to five tertiary hospitals from February 20 to April 14, 2020. Data on clinical features, laboratory parameters, medications, and treatment outcomes were collected until April 30, 2020, and compared between patients with normal and abnormal aminotransferases.ResultsAbnormal aminotransferase levels were observed in 362 patients (41.1%), of which 94 out of 130 (72.3%) and 268 out of 744 (36.0%) belonged to the severe and non-severe COVID-19 categories, respectively. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for male patients, patients with a higher body mass index, patients with severe COVID-19 status, and patients with lower platelet counts were 1.500 (1.029 to 2.184, p=0.035), 1.097 (1.012 to 1.189, p=0.024), 2.377 (1.458 to 3.875, p=0.001), and 0.995 (0.993 to 0.998, p>0.001), respectively, indicating an independent association of these variables with elevated aminotransferase levels. Lopinavir/ritonavir and antibiotic use increased the odds ratio of abnormal aminotransferase levels after admission (1.832 and 2.646, respectively, both p<0.05). The median time to release from quarantine was longer (22 days vs 26 days, p=0.001) and the mortality rate was higher (13.0% vs 2.9%, p<0.001) in patients with abnormal aminotransferase levels.ConclusionsAbnormal aminotransferase levels are common in COVID-19 patients and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Multivariate analysis of patients with normal aminotransferase levels on admission showed that the use of lopinavir/ritonavir and antibiotics was associated with abnormal aminotransferase levels; thus, careful monitoring is needed.     

Clinical and Radiological Profiles of COVID-19 Patients with Neurological Symptomatology: A Comparative Study

Patients with COVID-19 can require radiological examination, with chest CT being more frequent than neuro-imaging. The objective is to identify epidemiological, clinical and radiological factors considered as predictors of neurological involvement in patients with COVID-19 assessed by neuroimaging and to describe the neuroimaging findings. This retrospective study was performed with 232 consecutive confirmed COVID-19 patients, from two radiological units, which were divided into two groups: (1) those who underwent a brain CT/MRI scan (n = 35) versus (2) those who did not undergo the brain CT/MRI scan, but underwent only chest CT (n = 197). There was a statistically significant difference with associations regarding the COVID-19 brain scan group for: admission to ICU, greater severity of lung injuries, the use of a mechanical ventilator and sepsis. Statistical tendency was found for chronic renal failure and systemic arterial hypertension. Forty-percent of COVID-19 patients from the brain scan group were abnormal on brain CT and/or brain MRI (22.9% of the cases with bleeding or microbleeding, 8.6% with restricted diffusion lesions). One ischemic stroke case was associated with irregularity at the M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery. There was a case of left facial nerve palsy with enhancement of the left geniculate ganglia. An analysis of the olfactory bulbs was possible in 12 brain MRIs and 100% had enhancement and/or microbleeding. In conclusion, a more severe COVID-19 disease from ICU, a more severe form of lung disease, the use of mechanical ventilator and sepsis were associated to the COVID-19 patients with neurological involvement who had undergone brain scans. Microvascular phenomenon was a frequent finding in the brain and olfactory bulbs evaluated by neuroimaging.     

凝血指标、炎症指标与COVID-19的关系研究

背景 COVID-19病情严重程度与凝血指标、炎症指标异常等存在一定关系。目的探讨凝血指标、炎症指标与COVID-19的关系。方法回顾性选取武汉大学人民医院2020年1—5月收治的COVID-19患者280例作为观察组,根据预后将其分为存活亚组(n=231)和死亡亚组(n=49)。另选取2020年3—9月本院健康体检者120例作为对照组。分别比较观察组与对照组、存活亚组与死亡亚组一般资料、凝血指标[包括凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D-D)]、炎症指标[包括C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)]。采用多因素Cox比例风险回归分析探讨COVID-19患者预后的影响因素,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析凝血指标、炎症指标对COVID-19的诊断价值及其预后的预测价值。结果观察组PT长于对照组,血浆FIB、D-D水平及血清CRP、PCT水平高于对照组(P <0.05)。存活亚组年龄小于死亡亚组,冠心病发生率和血浆FIB、D-D及血清CRP、PCT水平低于死亡亚组,PT短于死亡亚组(P <0.05);多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示:年龄[HR=2.869,95%CI(1.497,5.500)]、冠心病[HR=3.796,95%CI(1.680,8.579)]、PT[HR=2.596,95%CI(1.703,3.957)]、血浆D-D水平[HR=2.289,95%CI(1.473,3.557)]及血清CRP[HR=2.542,95%CI(1.607,4.021)]、PCT[HR=2.596,95%CI(1.724,3.910)]水平是COVID-19患者预后的影响因素(P <0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,PT、血浆FIB水平、血浆D-D水平、血清CRP水平、血清PCT水平诊断COVID-19的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.592[95%CI(0.542,0.641)]、0.665[95%CI(0.616,0.711)]、0.680[95%CI(0.631,0.725)]、0.690[95%CI(0.642,0.735)]、0.632[95%CI(0.583,0.680)];PT、血浆D-D水平、血清CRP水平、血清PCT水平预测COVID-19患者预后的AUC分别为0.536[95%CI(0.479,0.596)]、0.593[95%CI(0.533,0.651)]、0.603[95%CI(0.543,0.660)]、0.637[95%CI(0.577,0.693)]。结论年龄、冠心病、PT、血浆D-D水平及血清CRP、PCT水平是COVID-19患者预后的影响因素,而凝血指标、炎症指标对COVID-19诊断及其预后预测并无较大价值。     

Liver diseases in COVID-19:Etiology,treatment and prognosis

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China causing coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19). Numerous studies have shown varying degrees of liver damage in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, in previous case studies of COVID-19, the exact cause of liver injury has not been clearly elucidated, nor is there clear evidence of the interaction between liver injury and COVID-19. This study will analyze the causes of liver injury in COVID-19 and the influence of liver-related complications on the treatment and prognosis of COVID-19.