Protective effect of Cissus quadrangularis on neutrophil mediated tissue injury induced by aspirin in rats

Cissus quadrangularis (family: Vitaceae) is well known for the treatment of gastric disorders in traditional medicine, owing to its rich source of carotenoids, triterpenoids and ascorbic acid, and has received considerable attention regarding its role in human nutrition. In the search of new potential antiulcer agents, the present study evaluated the ethanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQE) against the gastric toxicity induced by aspirin in rats. The optimum protective dose of 500 mg/kg of extract was selected by the pretreatment of gastric ulcers with different doses of CQE (250, 500 and 750 mg/kg) for 7 days which showed ulcer protection by 40, 71.2 and 72.6%, respectively, as compared to ranitidine (RTD) (30 mg/kg) by 71.9% in the aspirin model. In addition, results have shown that administration of aspirin increases lipid peroxidation status, xanthine oxidase (XO), myeloperoxidase and decrease in selenium-glutathione peroxidase activities in the gastric mucosa, resulting in mucosal damage at both cellular and subcellular level. Pretreatment with CQE ameliorated the observed effect significantly in the gastric mucosa of ulcerated rats. These findings suggest that the gastroprotective activity of CQE could be mediated possibly through its antioxidant effect as well as by the attenuation of the oxidative mechanism and neutrophil infiltration.     

The effect of Aloe vera A. Berger (Liliaceae) on gastric acid secretion and acute gastric mucosal injury in rats

The effect of varying doses of ethanol extract of Aloe vera (Liliaceae) on acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by 0.6 M HCl and acid output was studied in the pylorus ligated and lumen perfuse rats, respectively. Acid secretion was determined by titration of the collected gastric juice to pH 7.0. Intraperitoneal injection of Aloe vera, dose dependently inhibited gastric acid secretion. The plant was more active as a gastroprotective agent at lower concentration against mucosal injury induced by 0.6 M HCl. In conclusion, Aloe vera is endowed with gastric acid anti-secretory activity and could protect the gastric mucosa at low concentrations against injurious agents.     

Ulcer protective effect of Terminalia arjuna on gastric mucosal defensive mechanism in experimental rats

The methanol extract of the bark of Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae) (TAE) showed marked antiulcer and ulcer healing activity against 80% ethanol (ETH), diclofenac sodium (DIC) and dexamethasone (DEX) induced ulcer models dose dependently at doses of 100, 400 and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively. Pre-, post and co-administration of TAE offered 100% protection to the gastric mucosa against ETH, DIC and DEX induced ulcers as observed from the ulcer score. Gastric mucosal analysis of DEX induced rats were associated with changes in the levels of protein, protein bound carbohydrate complexes, lipid peroxides (LPO), glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) compared with control rats. Co-administration with TAE in DEX rats (DEX + TAE) favorably altered the levels of LPO, GSH and also the activities of SOD and CAT in gastric mucosa, whereas the activities of GPx remained unaltered in all groups. In DEX + TAE rats, the levels of protein and protein bound carbohydrate complexes were increased when compared with DEX rats. The results indicate that the gastroprotective effect of TAE is probably related to its ability to maintain the membrane integrity by its antilipid peroxidative activity that protects the gastric mucosa against oxidative damage and its ability to strengthen the mucosal barrier, the first line of defense against exogenous and endogenous ulcerogenic agents.     

艾灸对胃粘膜损伤的保护作用及其与一氧化氮的关系

艾灸足三里穴对家兔胃肠电活动有调节作用，且是通过迷走神经来实现的。本工作旨在建立乙醇灌胃所致胃粘膜损伤大鼠模型，以测定一氧化氮（NO）含量、胃粘膜血流量（GMBF）、胃粘膜损伤指数（LI）和胃粘膜电位差（PD）为指标，探讨艾灸足三里穴对胃粘膜损伤的保护作用及其与内皮衍生舒张因子一氧化氮（EDRF／NO）系统的关系。1材料与方法1．1试剂左旋精氨酸（L－arginine，L－arg）为NO的前体物质，由华美生物工程公司生产；硝普钢（SNP）为NO的供体，实验前用蒸馏水稀释配置备用，由北京制药工业研究所实验药厂“提供；N一亚硝…     

平胃舒胶囊对大鼠胃黏膜损伤的保护作用

目的:研究平胃舒胶囊对大鼠胃黏膜损伤的保护作用.方法:将大鼠分成对照组、模型组、受试药平胃舒胶囊低(3.3g·kg-1)、中(6.6 g·kg-1)、高(13.2 g·kg-1)剂量组、雪胆胃肠丸组(22 g·kg-1)和雷尼替丁组(50 mg·kg-1).给药1周后,用无水乙醇诱发大鼠急性胃溃疡模型,观察平胃舒胶囊对胃黏膜的保护作用,中成药雪胆胃肠丸和西药雷尼替丁作为阳性对照.酶联免疫吸附法( ELISA)检测胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MOT)含量.结果:平胃舒胶囊高、中剂量组大鼠胃组织病变程度明显减轻(与模型组相比,P＜0.01),其中高剂量组胃组织未见明显的病理性改变.低剂量组大鼠的胃组织病变与模型组比较有一定程度的恢复,但疗效不及高、中剂量组;与雪胆胃肠丸组相比,平胃舒胶囊高、中剂量组作用与其相当.平胃舒胶囊组的GAS,MOT含量高于模型组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);与雪胆组相比,无统计学意义,但平胃舒中、高剂量组有增高GAS和MOT趋势.结论:平胃舒胶囊对无水乙醇致胃黏膜损伤有明显的保护作用.     

Gastroprotective effect of Cissus sicyoides (Vitaceae): involvement of microcirculation, endogenous sulfhydryls and nitric oxide

AIM OF THE STUDY: Cissus sicyoides L. is a medicinal plant popularly known in Brazil against various diseases and the research interest in this plant is justifiable because of its potential medicinal value in stomachache and gastric ulcer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The methanolic extract obtained from the leaves of Cissus sicyoides (Cc) was evaluated for the ability to protect the gastric mucosa against injuries caused by necrotizing agents (0.3 M HCl/60% EtOH, absolute ethanol, piroxicam and pylorus ligature) in rodents. We also evaluated microcirculation, antioxidant action and participation of NO (nitric oxide) and sulfhydryls (SH) groups in the Cc gastroprotective action. RESULTS: Administration of Cc significantly reduced gastric lesions induced by different ulcerogenic agents in rodents. This extract administered by oral route significantly increased gastric volume without exerting antisecretory effect. The Cc effect involved an increase of the defense mechanism of the gastrointestinal mucosa such as NO and SH groups that prevent and attenuate the ulcer process. The Cc also has antioxidant property against oxidative stress but does not modify microcirculation response in gastric mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirmed the traditional use of Cissus sicyoides for the treatment of gastric ulcer.     

Antiulcerogenic activity of bark extract of Tabebuia avellanedae, Lorentz ex Griseb

Tabebuia avellanedae is commonly used for the treatment of peptic ulcers. We carried out this study with the ethanolic extract of bark from Tabebuia avellanedae (EET) (30-1000 mg/kg) to determine its gastroprotective activity and to clarify the pathways involved in this effect. Acute gastric ulceration in rats was produced by oral administration of ethanol and ibuprofen. After ethanol administration, the gastric wall mucus was examined. Chronic gastric ulceration was produced by injection of acetic acid in rat gastric subserosa. Anti-secretory studies were undertaken using Shay rat pylorus ligature technique and measurement of enzymatic activity of H+, K+-ATPase in vitro. Administration of EET p.o. or i.p. significantly inhibited gastric mucosa damage induced by ethanol and ibuprofen. The anti-ulcer effect was further confirmed by enhanced gastric mucus production. In pylorus ligature rats, EET significantly reduced the basal gastric acid secretion and total acidity; moreover, it inhibited the increase in total acidity induced by histamine. In addition, EET reduced the activity of H+, K+, ATPase. The results obtained in the present pharmacological assay indicate that this plant has a protective action against gastric lesions, involving the maintenance of protective factors, such as mucus and prostaglandin, besides the reduction of gastric total acidity.     

Effects of aqueous extracts from Quercus ilex L. root bark, Punica granatum L. fruit peel and Artemisia herba-alba Asso leaves on ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats

The gastroprotective effect of tannic acid and the aqueous extract of Quercus ilex L. root bark, Punica granatum L. fruit peel and Artemisia herba-alba Asso leaves was investigated in the rat against ethanol-induced damage. Tannic acid, Q. ilex and P. granatum extracts gave 100% precipitation of ovine haemoglobin in vitro, whereas A. herba-alba extract was devoid of any protein-binding property. Oral administration of these plant extracts or tannic acid induced a significant decrease in gastric lesions (47.7%-76%). The observed protection was more pronounced when the test solution was given at the same time with ethanol, except for Q. ilex extract. The acid content of the stomach was significantly increased by P. granatum (368%) and A. herba-alba (251%) extracts prepared in ethanol. It is suggested that monomeric and polymeric polyphenols can strengthen the gastric mucosal barrier.     

Protective effect of gentiopicroside from Gentiana macrophylla Pall. in ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal injury in mice

Gentiopicroside isolated from gentiana macrophylla Pall. belongs to iridoid glycosides. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of gentiopicroside against ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal injury in mice. Mice were proactively administrated with gentiopicroside by intragastric administration once a day for 3 consecutive days. On the 3rd day, gastric ulcer in mice was induced with 70% ethanol after the last intragastric administration. The stomach tissues were submitted for evaluation of the severity of gastric mucosal alterations. Gentiopicroside administrated orally ameliorated the severity of gastric mucosal alterations. Oral administration of gentiopicroside significantly increased heat shock protein‐70 and glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity, normalized epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor levels, and decreased the levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6 and malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase activity in gastric tissue. These findings demonstrated that gentiopicroside has protective effect against ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal injury in mice through the improvements of antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects, as well as up‐regulation of heat shock protein‐70 level and normalization of epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor levels. The results presented in this study provide some evidence for the development of a novel antigastric ulcer agent.     

Evaluation of antiulcer activity of chromanone fraction from Calophyllum brasiliesnse Camb

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Clusiaceae), popularly known as ‘guanandi’, is found in the tropical areas and swampy lands. The latex exuding from its bark is used in the treatment of gastric ulcer in folk medicine. Several active compounds have been isolated from its stem bark among them, are the chromanone acids. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate antiulcer activity and probable mechanism(s) of action of a fraction containing a mixture of chromanone acids (BI), derived by column chromatography fractionation of the hexane extract of the stem bark of Calophyllum brasiliense (HECb), using experimental in vitro and in vivo models.

Materials and methods

Ulcer was induced by oral administration of ethanol (75%, v/v) and indomethacin (50 mg/kg). Malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and catalase activity was measured in stomach tissue after ethanol induced ulcer. In order to evaluate the effect of BI on nitric oxide, ulcer was induced by ethanol in l-NAME pretreated animals. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was verified in disk diffusion and broth microdilution in vitro assays, using cagA+ and vacA+ Helicobacter pylori strains.

Results

BI prevented the gastric ulceration caused by ethanol and indomethacin treatments. Its gastroprotective mechanism in ethanol-induced ulcer was partly due to reduction of MDA and CAT levels in the gastric tissue. BI did not affect the GSH levels and its gastroprotective effect was not reversed by pretreatment with l-NAME. BI showed anti-Helicobacter pylori in the both assays.

Conclusion

The results indicate that BI is partly responsible for the HECb antiulcer and anti-Helicobacter pylori effects.     

Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Lamiaceae), a medicinal plant protects the stomach against several gastric ulcer models

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Hyptis suaveolens is used by the traditional population in several parts of the world to treat inflammation, gastric ulcer and infection and is used as a crude drug to relieve symptoms related with gastric ulcer or gastritis in northeaster and central region of Brazil.

Materials and methods

the standardized ethanolic extract (Hs-EtOHE) and hexanic fraction (Hs-HexF) of Hyptis suaveolens (62,5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was evaluated in several models of acute gastric ulcers. The participation of NO was evaluated by pretreatment with L-NAME and non-protein sulfyhydryls by NEM in the gastroprotective effect.

Results

Hs-EtOHE and Hs-HexF markedly reduced the gastric lesions induced by all ulcerogenic agents (HCl/ethanol, ethanol, NSAIDs and hypothermic restraint-stress). Gastric ulcerations were exacerbated by administration of NEM suggesting that the gastroprotective mechanism of action of Hs-EtOHE and Hs-HexF involves sulfhydryl groups.

Conclusion

Ours results show that an extract of Hyptis suaveolens, administered orally to rodents, present gastro protective activity in different models of acute of gastric ulcer and give some support to the reported claims on the use of this plant as a gastro protective agent.     

白子菜总黄酮对无水乙醇致大鼠胃黏膜损伤的保护作用

目的研究白子菜总黄酮对无水乙醇致大鼠胃黏膜损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法采用灌胃无水乙醇建立大鼠胃黏膜损伤模型,将60只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成6组,即空白组,模型组,雷尼替丁组(50 mg·kg-1),白子菜总黄酮低,中,高剂量组(100,200,400 mg·kg-1),每天空腹灌胃给药1次,连续灌胃给药7 d,空白组和模型组给予等剂量的生理盐水,末次给药1 h后,除空白组外均灌胃无水乙醇(10 mL·kg-1)建立急性胃黏膜损伤模型,测定各组胃黏膜损伤指数及胃黏膜损伤抑制率,检测血清及胃黏膜组织丙二醛(MDA),一氧化氮(NO)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并检测胃黏膜组织还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活性。结果白子菜总黄酮能抑制无水乙醇引起的大鼠胃黏膜损伤;与模型组比较,白子菜总黄酮各剂量组能降低血清和组织MDA含量,升高血清和组织NO含量,提高血清和组织SOD活性,并能提高胃黏膜组织GSH含量和GSH-PX活性,结果有显著性差异(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论白子菜总黄酮对无水乙醇引起的胃黏膜损伤有显著的保护作用,其机制可能与减少氧自由基生成,促进氧自由基清除及抗脂质过氧化反应有关。     

Effects of methanol, cyclohexane and methylene chloride extracts of Bidens pilosa on various gastric ulcer models in rats

Ethnobotanical studies have revealed that Bidens pilosa is used in the traditional management of wounds and chronic gastro-duodenal ulcers. This led us to screen the methanol, cyclohexane and methylene chloride extracts of the plant for anti-ulcerogenic activity using the HCl/ethanol gastric necrotizing solution. The methylene chloride extract, which showed the highest activity (100% inhibition) at a dose of 750 mg/kg compared with the methanol and cyclohexane extracts (41 and 46% inhibition, respectively), was further tested using the indomethacin-HCl/ethanol-, absolute ethanol- and pylorus ligation-induced ulcer methods. Pre-treatment with indomethacin significantly reduced the protective effect of the extract against HCl/ethanol solution to 31%. The extract had very little gastric mucosal protection against absolute ethanol (9.8% inhibition at 750 mg/kg) compared with the controls and neither reduced gastric acid secretion in vivo nor the acidity of gastric juice following in vitro incubation.     

贵州省幽门螺杆菌感染与非甾体类抗炎药、胆汁反流的关系

目的探讨贵州省慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡患者幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染与胆汁反流、非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)服用情况间的关系。方法采用14C-尿素呼气试验将患者分为H.pylori阳性组(72例)及H.pylori阴性组(100例),比较2组内镜下胃黏膜损伤、胆汁反流情况以及NSAIDs服用情况。结果H.pylori阳性组口服NSAIDs者较H.pylori阴性组显著减少(P<0.05);NSAIDs致胃黏膜损伤中以口服传统NSAIDs类药物最为多见(42%);H.pylori感染与胆汁反流无关。结论我省H.pylori感染可能有拮抗NSAIDs相关性胃黏膜损伤的作用。     

摩罗丹（浓缩丸）对胃黏膜损伤保护及镇痛抗炎止血作用研究

目的：评价摩罗丹（浓缩丸）镇痛、抗炎、止血以及对大鼠胃黏膜损伤的保护作用,进一步补充摩罗丹（浓缩丸）在药效学方面的实验研究。方法：通过测定吲哚美辛、盐酸-乙醇致大鼠胃黏膜损伤的溃疡指数,评价摩罗丹（浓缩丸）对胃黏膜损伤的保护作用;通过小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性实验,评价摩罗丹（浓缩丸）的抗炎作用;通过醋酸致小鼠扭体实验,评价摩罗丹（浓缩丸）的镇痛作用;通过测定小鼠出血、凝血时间,评价摩罗丹（浓缩丸）的止血作用。结果：吲哚美辛致大鼠胃黏膜损伤模型中,摩罗丹（浓缩丸）高剂量、中剂量、低剂量组和阳性药枸橼酸铋钾颗粒组的溃疡指数与模型对照组比较明显降低（P<0.01）;盐酸-乙醇致大鼠胃黏膜损伤模型中,摩罗丹（浓缩丸）高剂量、中剂量组和阳性药枸橼酸铋钾颗粒组的溃疡指数与模型对照组比较明显降低（P<0.05）;摩罗丹（浓缩丸）高剂量、中剂量组和阳性药云南白药胶囊组出血时间明显低于空白对照组（P<0.05）;摩罗丹（浓缩丸）高剂量组和阳性药云南白药胶囊组凝血时间与空白对照组比较明显降低（P<0.05）;醋酸致小鼠扭体反应实验中,摩罗丹（浓缩丸）高剂量组和阳性药布洛芬颗粒组的扭体次数明显低于模型对照组（P<0.05）;小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性实验中,摩罗丹（浓缩丸）高剂量、中剂量组和阳性药布洛芬颗粒组的腹腔液吸光度明显低于模型对照组（P<0.05）。结论：摩罗丹（浓缩丸）对吲哚美辛等非甾体抗炎药、乙醇刺激引起的胃黏膜破损、溃疡具有治疗作用,对慢性非萎缩性胃炎中常见的糜烂出血、疼痛、炎症也同样具有治疗作用,并能有效保护胃黏膜。     

Gastroprotective activity of the stem bark of Amphipterygium adstringens in rats

The methanol extract of the stem bark of Amphipterygium adstringens (Julianiaceae) showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Fractionation of this extract, guided by gastroprotective activity in rats, led to four active fractions rich in triterpenoid compounds. These fractions showed higher antiulcer activity than bismuth subsalicylate, used as a positive control. 3α-Hydroxy- masticadienonic acid was isolated from the active fractions, however, this compound showed lower antiulcer activity than the positive control. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

香枳和胃片对胃黏膜损伤保护的实验研究

目的:研究香枳和胃片对实验性大鼠胃黏膜损伤的保护作用。方法:将实验鼠分为阴性对照组(生理盐水)、香枳和胃片(高、中、低剂量)组和阳性对照组(雷尼替丁),观察香枳和胃片灌服后对无水乙醇所致和幽门结扎型胃黏膜损伤大鼠的影响。结果:与阴性对照组比较,香枳和胃片各剂量组均能明显减少胃液分泌量,降低胃酸总酸度(P<0.05),显著降低溃疡指数(P<0.05),低、中、高各剂量组溃疡抑制率分别达到44.92%,57.42%,64.76%。结论:香枳和胃片对实验性胃黏膜损伤有明显的保护作用。     

Principles of root bark of Hippocratea excelsa (Hippocrataceae) with gastroprotective activity

The aqueous and ethanol extracts of the root bark of Hippocratea excelsa HBK. Locally known as 'Cancerina', showed an important gastroprotective effect in several experimental ulcer models in rats. Fractionation of the methanol extract led to four pools of active fractions (F1-F4). Sitosterol-3-O-beta-glucoside, beta-sitosterol and (-) epicatechin were isolated from the active fractions and showed an important gastroprotective activity (93.4,85.7 and 72.1% of gastroprotection, respectively), whereas bismuth subsalicylate, used as positive control, showed 46.2% of gastroprotection. A mixture of alpha-amyrin and beta-amyrin showed 50% of gastroprotection. Friedelin, canophyllal and canophyllol were isolated from the active fractions, but they were inactive as gastroprotective compounds. These results provide additional support for the popular use of this plant as an antiulcer remedy in the Mexican traditional medicine.     

Protective effects of astaxanthin from Paracoccus carotinifaciens on murine gastric ulcer models

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of astaxanthin extracted from Paracoccus carotinifaciens on gastric mucosal damage in murine gastric ulcer models. Mice were pretreated with astaxanthin for 1 h before ulcer induction. Gastric ulcers were induced in mice by oral administration of hydrochloride (HCl)/ethanol or acidified aspirin. The effect of astaxanthin on lipid peroxidation in murine stomach homogenates was also evaluated by measuring the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). The free radical scavenging activities of astaxanthin were also measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. Astaxanthin significantly decreased the extent of HCl/ethanol‐ and acidified aspirin‐induced gastric ulcers. Astaxanthin also decreased the level of TBARS. The ESR measurement showed that astaxanthin had radical scavenging activities against the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical and the superoxide anion radical. These results suggest that astaxanthin has antioxidant properties and exerts a protective effect against ulcer formation in murine models. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The use of neem for controlling gastric hyperacidity and ulcer

H₂‐receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors are now used extensively to control gastric and duodenal ulcer, inflammation and pain, but these drugs have limitations and are not always affordable. The development of novel nontoxic antiulcer drugs, including from medicinal plants, is therefore desirable, and Azadirachta indica A. Juss, commonly known as Neem, is known to have potent gastroprotective and antiulcer effects. This review deals with the pharmacological and biochemical studies carried out regarding the antiulcer activities of Neem extracts and their mechanism of action, including the inhibition of acid secretion. A comparison with ranitidine and omeprazole in some animal models has been included and clinical studies, where available, have also been incorporated, along with a safety evaluation. Neem bark extract has the potential for the development of novel medicines for the therapeutic control of gastric hyperacidity and ulcer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.