Cost Analysis When Open Surgeons Perform Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy

Methods:Hysterectomy costs including subcategories were collected from 2011 to 2013. Costs were skewed, so 2 statistical transformations were performed. Costs were compared by surgeon classification (open, laparoscopic, or robotic) and surgery route.Results:A total of 4,871 hysterectomies were performed: 34.2% open, 50.7% laparoscopic, and 15.1% robotic. Laparoscopic hysterectomy had the lowest total costs (P < .001). By cost subcategory, laparoscopic hysterectomy was lower than robotic hysterectomy in 6 and higher in 1. When performing robotic hysterectomy, open and robotic surgeon costs were similar. With laparoscopic hysterectomy, open surgeons had higher costs than laparoscopic surgeons for 1 of 2 statistical transformations (P = .007). Open surgeons had lower costs performing laparoscopic hysterectomy than robotic hysterectomy with robotic maintenance and depreciation included (P < .001) but similar costs if these variables were excluded.Conclusion:Although laparoscopic hysterectomy had lowest costs overall, robotics may be no more costly than laparoscopic hysterectomy when performed by surgeons who predominantly perform open hysterectomy.     

泌尿微创外科的认识

微创外科的概念和地位 "微创外科"(minimally invasive surgery,MIS),也叫"微侵入外科"或"最小切口外科"等,是由英国泌尿外科医师wickhanm于1983年首次提出的.     

泌尿微创外科的认识

1 微创外科的概念和地位 "微创外科"(minimally invasive surgery,MIS),也叫"微侵入外科"或"最小切口外科"等,是由英国泌尿外科医师 wickhanm于1983年首次提出的.1987年法国外科医师Mouret施行了世界首例腹腔镜胆囊切除术,之后MIS的概念才逐渐被广泛接受.由此,人们对长期统治外科医师头脑的"切口越大,暴露越清楚:手术范围越大,则治疗更彻底"的传统观念提出了质疑.MIS已成为外科发展史中,继麻醉、抗菌无菌、临床营养治疗学、器官移植后的又一个里程碑.伴随着近些年来腹腔镜技术及内镜技术的广泛开展,MIS这一概念得到了前所未有的重视与发展.     

Minimally Invasive Specialists and Rates of Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

Methods:This retrospective observational study included all patients who underwent hysterectomy for benign indications from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2012. The primary outcome was route of hysterectomy: open, laparoscopic, or vaginal. Secondary outcomes of interest included length of stay and factors associated with an open procedure.Results:In 2004, only 24 (8%) of the 292 hysterectomies performed for benign conditions at Newton-Wellesley Hospital (NWH) were laparoscopic. The rate increased to more than 50% (189/365) by 2008, and, in 2012, 72% (316/439) of hysterectomies were performed via a traditional laparoscopic approach. By 2012, more than 93% (411/439) of all hysterectomies were performed in a minimally invasive manner (including total laparoscopic hysterectomy [TLH], laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy [LSH], total vaginal hysterectomy [TVH], and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy [LAVH]). More than 85% of the hysterectomies at NWH in 2012 were outpatient procedures. By this time, the surgeon''s preference or lack of expertise was rarely cited as a factor leading to open hysterectomy.Conclusions:A large diverse gynecologic surgery department transformed surgical practice from primarily open hysterectomy to a majority (>72%) performed via the traditional laparoscopic route and a large majority (>93%) performed in a minimally invasive manner in less than 8 years, without the use of robotic technology. This paradigm shift was fueled by patient demand and by MIGS department surgical mentorship for generalist obstetrician/gynecologists.     

Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy at a University Teaching Hospital

Background and Objectives:

To evaluate the feasibility of a minimally invasive approach for hysterectomy for benign disease at a university teaching hospital.

Methods:

Five hundred thirty-seven consecutive patients underwent hysterectomy for benign disease at Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center in 2010. No cases were excluded. Minimally invasive approaches included total vaginal hysterectomy, laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy, total laparoscopic hysterectomy, and laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy. All surgeries were completed with the resident as the primary surgeon or first assistant.

Results:

The median age was 45 years, the median body mass index was 30 kg/m², the median estimated uterine size was 11 cm, and 22% of patients had a prior cesarean section. Of the 537 hysterectomies, 526 (98%) were started with a minimally invasive approach and 517 (96%) were completed in that fashion; thus only 9 conversions (2%) were required. Of the cases in which a minimally invasive approach was used, 16% were vaginal and 84% were laparoscopic. The median operative time was 86 minutes, the median blood loss was 95 mL, the median hospital stay was 1 day, and the median uterine weight was 199 g. For the minimally invasive hysterectomies, there was a 5% major complication rate.

Conclusion:

Our residency training institution completed 96% of 537 hysterectomies using a minimally invasive approach while maintaining an acceptable operative time, amount of blood loss, hospital stay, and complication rate. Thus our study supports that a minimally invasive approach for hysterectomy for benign disease at an academic resident teaching facility is feasible.     

A Critical Analysis of the Actual Role of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Active Surveillance for Kidney Cancer

Context

The incidence of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) has increased steadily—most rapidly for small renal masses (SRMs). Paralleling the changing face of RCC in the past 2 decades, new, less invasive surgical options have been developed. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) is an established procedure for the treatment of RCC. Treatment of SRMs includes open partial nephrectomy (OPN), laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN), thermal ablation, and active surveillance.

Objective

To present an overview of minimally invasive treatment options and data on surveillance for kidney cancer.

Evidence acquisition

Literature and meeting abstracts were searched using the terms renal cell carcinoma, minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopic surgery, thermal ablation, surveillance, and robotic surgery. The articles with the highest level of evidence were identified with the consensus of all the collaborative authors and reviewed.

Evidence synthesis

Renal insufficiency, as measured by the glomerular filtration rate, occurs more often after radical nephrectomy than partial nephrectomy (PN). OPN and LPN show comparable results in long-term oncologic outcomes. The treatment modality for SRMs should therefore be nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). In select patients, thermal ablation or active surveillance of SRMs is an alternative.

Conclusions

LRN has become the standard of care for most organ-confined tumours not amenable to NSS. Amongst NSS options, PN is the treatment of choice, yet remains underutilised in the community. Initial data during its learning curve revealed that LPN had higher urologic morbidity. However, current emerging data indicate that in experienced hands, LPN has shorter ischaemia times, a lower complication rate, and equivalent long-term oncologic and renal functional outcomes, yet with decreased patient morbidity compared to OPN. Robotic partial nephrectomy is being explored at select centres, and cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation are options for carefully selected tumours. Active surveillance is an option for selected high-risk patients. Percutaneous needle biopsy is likely to gain increasing relevance in the management of small renal tumours.     

输尿管囊肿伴发结石的腔内微创治疗

目的：评价腔内微创治疗输尿管囊肿伴结石的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2004年3月～2008年12月收治的12例输尿管囊肿伴发结石病例资料。囊肿位于左侧8例,右侧4例,均为单侧发病。9例伴输尿管囊内结石,3例并输尿管结石。输尿管囊肿采用经尿道输尿管囊肿切除术,术时保留上方囊壁作为抗反流的活瓣。结石采用输尿管镜钬激光碎石术。结果：12例患者均一次手术成功。术后随访3个月～1年,临床症状均消失,8例B超提示肾积水消失,4例明显减轻。4例行排尿性膀胱尿道造影未见明显反流现象。结论：使用腔内镜微创治疗输尿管囊肿伴发结石是一种简单有效的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜辅助与阴式大子宫切除的比较性研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助阴式大子宫切除的临床应用价值. 方法 2005年1月～2007年3月,我院行大子宫（子宫如孕10～18周）切除94例,其中腹腔镜辅助阴式全子宫切除（laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy,LAVH）56例,阴式子宫切除术（vaginal hysterectomy,VH）38例,比较两种方式手术时间、出血量、术后住院天数、并发症的发生率. 结果与VH组相比,LAVH组中转开腹率低（0/56 vs 5/38, χ^2=5.389,P=0.020）,手术时间短[（149±11） min vs （179±14） min,t=-11.610,P=0.000],术后住院时间短[（5.8±1.4）d vs （7.3±3.6） d,t=-2.825,P=0.006].两组术中出血量、术后病率、术后排气时间差异无显著性（P＞0.05）. 结论 LAVH扩大VH的适应证,使大于孕10周子宫切除能在微创手术下顺利完成,是值得推广的手术方法.     

Learning Curve With Minimally Invasive Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

This study examined 445 consecutive minimally invasive unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKAs) from one institution to determine whether revision and reoperation rates would decrease as the number of cases performed increased, indicating the presence of a learning curve with this procedure. At a mean of 3.25 years, 26 knees required revision yielding an overall revision rate of 5.8%; survivorship at 2 years with revision as an end point was 96% ± 1.7%. Both revisions and reoperations decreased over time but not significantly. For the first half of UKA cases performed vs the second half, revision rates fell from 5.0% to 2.5%, and reoperation rates fell from 8.1% to 5.4%. These data demonstrate that despite modifications made to improve surgical technique across time, a substantial complication rate with this procedure persists.     

Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy for Women With Anterior Wall Adherence After Cesarean Section

Objectives:

To share and report experiences of using lateral approach technique to perform laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) for women with anterior wall adherence after cesarean section.

Methods:

We analyzed a retrospective chart review of 47 women with anterior wall adhesion after a cesarean section who underwent LAVH from March 1st 2003 to March 31st 2012, selected from a total of 1967 women who underwent LAVH during that period.

Results:

The median age of the patients was 42 years (range 34–56 years). The median operating time was 120 minutes (range 85–240 minutes), and the median weight of the removed uterus was 247 g (range 50–896 g). The median change in hemoglobin level was 2.0 g/dL (range 0–3.0 g/dL). The median hospital stay was 3.0 days (range 2–6 days). There were complications in 2 cases: bladder injury in one and postoperative ileus in the other. There were no conversions to laparotomy.

Conclusions:

Lateral approach technique to make a pneumoperitoneum and to perform adhesiolysis is effective in LAVH for women with anterior wall adherence after cesarean section.     

改进腹腔镜与开腹大子宫全切术的比较

目的 探讨双极联合超声刀腹腔镜下大子宫全切除术的安全性和可行性.方法 2009年2月～2012年7月145例因子宫良性病变行大子宫(子宫12～ 20孕周大小)切除术,按患者意愿分为腹腔镜组(n=78)和开腹组(n=67),比较2组患者手术情况、术后恢复、住院时间、并发症及随访情况.结果 腹腔镜组术中出血少[(102.7 ±35.6)ml vs.(125.4±23.7)ml,t=-4.441,P=0.000],术后肠道恢复快[(45.6±6.8)h vs.(67.4±8.5)h,t=-17.149,P=0.000],住院时间短[(5.5±0.5)d vs.(7.7±0.6)d,t=-24.083,P=0.000],切口非甲级愈合率低[0 vs.7.5％ (5/67),P=0.019].2组并发症发生率比较无统计学差异[2.6％ (2/78) vs.4.5％(3/67),x2=0.030,P=0.863].腹腔镜组随访74例,随访时间5～32个月,(28.7±6.2)月,术后1～3个月左下腹最大穿刺孔轻微疼痛2例,3个月后无不适;开腹组随访64例,随访时间5～ 36个月,(30.5±5.8)月,术后1～6个月腹部切口疼痛4例,6个月后无不适.结论 腹腔镜下大子宫全切术是安全、可行的,较开腹手术具有出血少、恢复快、住院时间短的优势.