新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下加速康复外科理念在老年髋部骨折急诊快通道中的应用效果

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情下加速康复外科(ERAS)理念在老年髋部骨折急诊快通道中的应用效果.方法 对COVID-19疫情期间东南大学附属南京中大医院创伤骨科于2020年3月至2021年3月与2021年4月至9月分别通过急诊常规救治流程(对照组)和依据ERAS理念实施优化的急诊快通道流程(快通道...     

照顾者思维导图干预对老年髋部骨折患者术后功能康复的影响

目的探讨照顾者思维导图干预对老年髋部骨折患者术后功能康复的影响。方法将108例老年髋部骨折术后患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组各54例。对照组采取常规健康教育,干预组通过微信平台对照顾者进行思维导图式健康教育,比较两组患者术后Harris评分、Barthel指数得分及照顾者的相关知识和满意度。结果干预3个月后,干预组患者Harris评分、Barthel指数得分及照顾者相关知识知晓和满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论应用思维导图指导老年髋部骨折术后康复锻炼,可提高照顾者对相关知识的掌握程度与满意度,进而改善患者术后髋关节功能和日常生活能力。     

多元化健康教育模式提高卒中患者疾病知识水平

目的探讨多元化健康教育模式对卒中患者疾病知识水平的影响。方法将76例卒中患者分为对照组(28例)和干预组(48例),对照组采用常规健康教育;干预组采用多元化健康教育模式进行健康教育,即在对照组基础上再由护士、医生、物理治疗师、职业治疗师、言语治疗师一起参与,在评估的基础上,采取心理指导、运动疗法指导、行走训练、作业疗法训练、言语障碍训练、后遗症期的康复训练及小组授课等措施施以健康教育。结果两组干预20d后卒中患者疾病知识水平比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论实施多元化健康教育模式为卒中患者进行康复训练,可明显提高患者对疾病的认识,改善患者自理能力,提高其生活质量。     

知信行教育在老年股骨粗隆间骨折术后的应用

[目的]探讨知信行教育模式下老年患者股骨粗隆间骨折术后康复与护理中的应用。[方法] 2018年4月～2019年6月收治的116例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组各58例。对照组实施常规健康教育,试验组在常规健康教育基础上,运用知信行教育模式开展术后康复与护理,比较两组患者在健康教育知识、信念、行为、日常生活自理能力、髋关节功能的评分。[结果]试验组通过将知信行教育模式应用于老年患者股骨粗隆间骨折术后康复与护理中,在健康教育相关知识、信念行为、日常生活自理能力、髋关节功能的评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]老年股骨粗隆间骨折术后知信行教育模式的应用,能够提高老年患者的康复知识、信念、行为,改善患者的日常生活自理能力和髋关节功能,对患者的预后有积极的作用。     

知心护理服务对冠心病患者健康知识及满意度的影响

目的探讨知心护理服务干预对冠心病患者健康知识及满意度的影响。方法将170例冠心病患者按收治病区分为对照组和干预组各85例。对照组利用健康教育宣传手册按照健康教育护理临床路径表对患者进行健康教育;干预组在此基础上,注重护士礼仪及专业知识培训,实施知心护理服务:包括设立知心小教员,利用知心小语吧及金色阳光俱乐部开展健康教育。分别于入院时、出院时、出院后3个月调查患者健康知识知晓情况,出院时调查患者满意率。结果出院时及出院后3个月干预组患者冠心病健康教育知识知晓率显著高于对照组,干预组患者满意率显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论知心护理服务干预能提高患者冠心病相关知识的知晓率,同时可有效提高患者对护理工作的满意度。     

Impact of ‘soul mate service' on health-related knowledge and satisfaction in patients with coronary heart disease

目的 探讨知心护理服务干预对冠心病患者健康知识及满意度的影响.方法 将170例冠心病患者接收治病区分为对照组和干预组各85例.对照组利用健康教育宣传手册按照健康教育护理临床路径表对患者进行健康教育;干预组在此基础上,注重护士礼仪及专业知识培训,实施知心护理服务:包括设立知心小教员,利用知心小语吧及金色阳光俱乐部开展健康教育.分别于入院时、出院时、出院后3个月调查患者健康知识知晓情况,出院时调查患者满意率.结果 出院时及出院后3个月干预组患者冠心病健康教育知识知晓率显著高于对照组,干预组患者满意率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 知心护理服务干预能提高患者冠心病相关知识的知晓率,同时可有效提高患者对护理工作的满意度.     

加速康复外科护理专业组管理模式构建及应用研究

目的评价基于多学科协作的加速康复外科(ERAS)护理专业组管理模式在临床实践中的效果。方法将接受常规ERAS方案的500例外科患者设为对照组,将接受ERAS护理专业组管理(在外科13个病区共设置6个专业小组,在常规ERAS方案的基础上,以专业组为依托,推动多学科协作,实现ERAS护理精准化)的750例患者作为干预组。比较干预前后护士的专业知识、职业认同水平以及两组患者ERAS相关指标。结果实施后护士专业知识水平及职业认同感均显著高于实施前(均P0.01);干预组术前禁食水时间、术中低体温发生率、早期下床时间、留置尿管时间以及术后中重度疼痛、营养不良和深静脉血栓发生率显著低于对照组,术后住院时间、住院费用显著少于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论多学科ERAS护理专业组管理模式可有效提升护士的专业能力,保障ERAS的实施,改善患者结局。     

加速康复外科理念在腹腔镜胰体尾切除术 围手术期的应用体会

目的:评估腹腔镜胰体尾切除术中实施加速康复外科(ERAS)相关管理措施的可行性与安全性。方法:收集2018年5月至2018年10月行腹腔镜胰体尾切除术61例患者的临床资料,根据是否实施ERAS相关管理措施分为ERAS组(n=31)与对照组(n=30)。对照组接受常规围手术期治疗与护理方案,ERAS组施行ERAS相关管理措施,包括多模式镇痛,术后早期下床活动,早期拔除胃管、尿管及腹腔引流管,早期进食等。对比分析两组术后临床数据、并发症发生率等情况。结果:ERAS组术后首次饮水时间、首次排气时间、首次下床活动时间、术后疼痛评分、胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后首次进食时间、胃管拔除时间、尿管拔除时间、腹腔引流管拔除时间、术后住院时间等均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在腹腔镜胰体尾切除术中实施ERAS相关管理措施安全、有效,可加速患者术后胃肠道功能的恢复,早日下床活动,缩短住院时间,值得临床推广。     

加速康复外科理念下肝癌患者围术期全程胃肠道管理

目的探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)理念下肝癌患者围术期全程胃肠道管理的效果。方法将78例肝癌手术患者按时间顺序分为对照组40例和干预组38例。对照组给予常规围术期胃肠道管理;干预组在ERAS理念下实施全程胃肠道管理,即入院后进行营养不良筛查及干预,术前加服碳水化合物,术后早期进食及营养支持,指导早期活动,嚼口香糖、足三里穴位按摩及小茴香热敷腹部等促进胃肠道功能恢复。结果干预组口渴、饥饿发生率显著低于对照组,首次下床时间及肠功能恢复时间显著提前,白蛋白及前白蛋白水平显著优于对照组,腹水及感染发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论肝癌患者围术期实施ERAS全程胃肠道管理措施,安全有效,可加速患者术后康复。     

加速康复外科理念应用于老年髋部骨折的短期疗效分析

目的探讨应用加速康复外科(ERAS)理念治疗老年髋部骨折的短期临床疗效。方法2016年10月至2019年3月首都医科大学石景山教学医院骨科诊断为股骨颈骨折、股骨转子间骨折患者共205例,采用随机对照研究。将患者分为ERAS组(100例)及常规组(105例),分别采用ERAS治疗流程及目前治疗流程,比较两组患者满意率、围手术期并发症发生率、平均住院时间、日常生活能力Bathel指数评分及Harris髋关节功能评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、住院花费、疼痛评分。结果ERAS组与常规组相比,能提高患者满意率(P=0.003),缩短平均住院时间(P=0.000),减少住院花费(P=0.034),减轻术后早期疼痛(P=0.001),且不增加并发症发生率(P=1.000)。结论ERAS治疗模式较常规治疗模式能显著促进患者康复,且不增加并发症发生率。     

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the outcome and mortality of patients with diabetic foot ulcer

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to events that significantly impaired the treatment and management of patients with chronic diabetes. Therefore, elective treatments at hospitals were cancelled and patients with chronic ailments were instructed to stay at home and minimise the time spent in public areas. The second was due to COVID-19-induced anxiety that deterred many patients from seeking care and adhering to periodic out-patient visits. In this study, we examined the short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with chronic diabetes who suffered from contaminated diabetic ulcers. We conducted a retrospective study with patients who had undergone amputations following diabetic ulcers during 2019-2020. The research group included diabetic amputees during the COVID-19 outbreak period ranging from March 2020 to December 2020. The control group included diabetic amputees from the corresponding period in 2019. Using the Wagner Scale, we measured the difference in the severity of ulcers upon the patient's initial admission. Additionally, we examined patient survival rates based on the size of amputations, by specifically focusing on the period between 1- and 6-months post-surgery. The results failed to suggest a clear and statistically significant worsening trend in the condition of patients in the research and control groups. Due to public lockdowns, transportation restrictions, scarcity of healthcare staff, and reduced adherence to exposure anxiety, patients with diabetic foot ulcers received inferior medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this study could not find a statistically significant difference in the mortality and major amputation rates in patients with diabetic ulcer before and during the pandemic. The health system should incorporate the existing institutional and technological recommendations to facilitate care and follow-up of patients with diabetic foot ulcers during the current and future pandemics.     

Cycling injuries requiring orthopaedic intervention during the first COVID-19 lockdown period: A multi-centre SCottish Orthopaedic Research collaborativE (SCORE) study

IntroductionThe COVID-19 lockdown resulted in decreased vehicle use and an increased uptake in cycling. This study investigated the trends in cycling-related injuries requiring orthopaedic intervention during the COVID-19 lockdown period compared with similar time periods in 2018 and 2019.MethodsData were collected prospectively for patients in 2020 and collected retrospectively for 2019 and 2018, from hospitals within four NHS Scotland Health Boards encompassing three major trauma centres. All patients who sustained an injury as a result of cycling requiring orthopaedic intervention were included. Patient age, sex, mechanism of injury, diagnosis and treatment outcome from electronic patient records.ResultsNumber of injuries requiring surgery 2020: 77 (mean age/years – 42.7); 2019: 47 (mean age/years - 42.7); 2018: 32 (mean age/years – 31.3). Overall incidence of cycling injuries 2020: 6.7%; 2019: 3.0%; 2018: 2.1%. Commonest mechanism of injury: fall from bike 2020 n = 54 (70.1%); 2019 n = 41 (65.1%); 2018 n = 25 (67.6%). Commonest injury type: fracture 2020 n = 68 (79.1%); 2019 n = 33 (70.2%); 2018 n = 20 (62.5%). Commonest areas affected: Upper extremity: 2020 n = 45 (58.5%); 2019 n = 25 (53.2%); 2018 n = 25 (78.1%). Lower extremity: 2020 n = 23 (29.9%); 2019 n = 14 (29.7%); 2018 n = 7 (21.8%).ConclusionA significant increase in the number of cycling related injuries requiring orthopaedic intervention, a greater proportion of female cyclists and an older mean age of patients affected was observed during the COVID-19 lockdown period compared with previous years. The most common types of injury were fractures followed by lacerations and fracture-dislocations. The upper extremity was the commonest area affected.     

Hip fracture care during the 2020 COVID-19 first-wave: a review of the outcomes of hip fracture patients at a Scottish Major Trauma Centre

Background and Purpose of the StudyThis study reviewed whether the response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic affected the care for hip fracture patients at a major trauma centre in Scotland during the first-wave lock-down period.MethodsAll patients referred to Orthopaedics with a hip fracture in a major trauma centre in Scotland were captured between 14 th March and 28 th May (11 weeks) in 2020 and 2019. Patients were identified using electronic patient records. The primary outcomes are time to theatre, length of admission and 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes are COVID-19 prevalence, duration of surgery, proportion of patients to theatre within 36 hours and COVID-19 positive 30-day mortality from time of surgery. 225 patients were included: 108 from 2019 and 117 from 2020.The main findings30-day mortality was 3.7% (n=4) in 2019 and 8.5% (n=10) in 2020 (p=0.142). There was no statistical difference with time to theatre (p=0.150) nor duration of theatre (p=0.450). Duration of admission was reduced from 12 days to 6.5 days (p=<0.005). 4 patients tested positive for COVID-19 during admission, one 5 days after discharge, all underwent surgical management. 30-day mortality for COVID-19 positive patients during admission was 40%. COVID-19 prevalence of patients that were tested (n=89) was 5.62%.ConclusionsThis study has shown the care of hip fracture patients has been maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is no statistically significant change in mortality, time to theatre, and duration of surgery, however, the patient’s admission duration was significantly less than the 2019 cohort.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间创伤骨科患者处理要点

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情严峻,虽一定程度上限制了人员流动,但仍不可避免骨折患者、尤其是低能量损伤老年患者来医院就诊。在此特殊时期,创伤骨科医师应如何在常规的诊疗方式中结合新型冠状病毒肺炎的防控,做好创伤患者围手术期管理,选择合理的术式及麻醉方式,对于患者的预后及疫情的防控至关重要。在做好诊断、治疗、护理、康复等流程的同时,医务人员如何做好自身的防护,避免出现聚集性传播,也是必须要面对的问题。该文从创伤骨科医、护、患三者出发,结合多学科综合干预模式,对当前疫情期间如何做好创伤骨科患者的防治工作进行简要阐述。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间创伤显微外科病区的感染防控经验

目的总结新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间创伤显微外科病区的感染防控经验。方法回顾性分析2019年12月31日至2020年2月14日期间武汉大学中南医院创伤与显微骨科51名医务人员和收治患者感染COVID-19的情况。2020年1月20日升级感染防控措施,包括病区的预防性消毒、终末消毒及人员消毒管理,急诊患者管理,住院患者管理,疑似患者管理,医务人员的培训、防控管理及心理干预。对比2020年1月20日前后不同感染防控措施的结果。结果2019年12月31日至2020年1月20日期间科室共有COVID-19确诊病例3例,疑似病例2例。确诊病例包括1名医师、1名技师、1名护士,疑似病例包括1例患者、1名护士。截至2020年2月14日,4名医护技人员均已治愈出院,1例患者死亡。从2020年1月20日感染防控措施升级后,科室共收治29例急诊患者,其中12例患者出现发热(体温≥37.3℃),无一例患者感染COVID-19;科室在岗的47名医务人员培训率达100%,无一名医务人员感染COVID-19和出现心理疾患。结论COVID-19疫情期间,随着疫情的变化,科室采取的感染防控措施不断调整升级,最终科学、有效地杜绝了院内感染的发生,保障了科室医务人员及患者的生命安全。     

Impacto clínico de no aplicar el protocolo ERAS en los pacientes sometidos a cistectomía durante la pandemia COVID-19

IntroductionDuring the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in our center, neither prehabilitation nor multimodal rehabilitation could be applied due to the excessive patient load on the health system and to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The objective of our study was to analyze the evolution, complications, and survival up to one year of patients who underwent radical cystectomy in our hospital from March 1^st to May 31^st, 2020 (period of the first wave COVID-19 pandemic in Spain). We also compared the results with cystectomized patients outside the pandemic period and with application of the ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) protocol.Material and methodsSingle-center, retrospective cohort study of patients scheduled for radical cystectomy from March 1^st,2020 to May 31^st, 2020. They were matched with previously operated patients using a 1:2 propensity matching score. The matching variables were demographic data, preoperative and intraoperative clinical conditions.ResultsA total of 23 radical cystectomies with urinary diversion were performed in the period described. In none of the cases the prehabilitation or the follow-up of our ERAS protocol could be applied, and this was the only difference we found between the 2 groups. Although the minimally invasive approach was more frequent in the pandemic group, the difference was not statistically significant. Three patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 during their admission, presenting severe respiratory complications and high in-hospital mortality. Apart from respiratory complications secondary to SARS-CoV-2, we also found statistically significant differences in other postoperative complications. The hospital stay increased by 3 days in the pandemic group.ConclusionsPatients who underwent radical cystectomy at our center during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic had a higher number and severity of respiratory and non-respiratory complications. Discontinuation of the ERAS protocol was the main difference in treatment between groups.     

Use of in situ simulation to evaluate the operational readiness of a high-consequence infectious disease intensive care unit

On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of a coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was a public health emergency of international concern. The WHO guidance states that patients with (COVID-19) should be managed by staff wearing appropriate personal protective equipment; however, working whilst wearing personal protective equipment is unfamiliar to many healthcare professionals. We ran high-fidelity, in-situ simulation of high-risk procedures on patients with COVID-19 in a negative-pressure side room on our intensive care unit (ICU). Our aim was to identify potential problems, test the robustness of our systems and inform modification of our standard operating procedures for any patients with COVID-19 admitted to our ICU. The simulations revealed several important latent risks and allowed us to put corrective measures in place before the admission of patients with COVID-19. We recommend that staff working in clinical areas expected to receive patients with COVID-19 conduct in-situ simulation in order to detect their own unique risks and aid in the creation of local guidelines of management of patients with COVID-19.     

基于 ERAS 理念的营养干预在口腔颌面恶性肿瘤患者中的应用效果

目的 探讨基于ERAS理念的营养干预在口腔颌面恶性肿瘤患者中的应用效果。方法 选取2019年 6月-2020年12月我院收治的57例口腔颌面恶性肿瘤患者作为观察组，将2018年1月-2019年5月在我院接受 手术治疗并康复出院的58例口腔颌面恶性肿瘤患者作为对照组。对照组给予围术期常规护理，观察组在对 照组的基础上应用加速康复外科（ERAS）理念进行营养筛查及个体化营养干预，比较两组术后不同时期 血清电解质、血清前蛋白、血清白蛋白、血红蛋白等营养指标及术后手术伤口、肺部、移植皮瓣等感染情 况、以及康复指标。结果 观察组术后营养指标优于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组术后伤口、肺部感染率低 于对照组，皮瓣成活情况优于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组术后平均输液时间、平均住院日、平均住院费用 均优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 ERAS理念应用于口腔颌面恶性肿瘤患者围术期的营养干预措施中，可改 善患者预后，减低患者并发症发生率，提高皮瓣成活率，值得临床应用。     

Impact of COVID-19 on aortic operations

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has profoundly affected all aspects of medicine and surgery. Vascular surgery practice and interventions were also forced to change in order to deal with new COVID-19–related priorities and emergencies. In this setting, difficulties in aortic disease management were two-fold: new vascular complications related to COVID-19 infection and the need to guarantee prompt and correct treatment for the general “non-COVID-19” population. Furthermore, discomfort deriving from precautions to minimize the risk of virus transmission among patients and among health care professionals, the need to separate COVID-19–positive from COVID-19–negative patients, and the high incidence of postoperative complications in COVID-19 cases created a challenging scenario for cardiac operations. The aim of this review was to provide evidence derived from the published literature (case reports, case series, multicenter experience, and expert opinion) on the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on aortic vascular surgery services and interventions, describing COVID-19–related findings, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on noninfectious aortic patients.