双酚A对雄性生殖功能影响的研究进展

近年来,有关环境类雌激素样物质双酚A(BPA)对生殖功能影响的研究成为了热点.该文综述了BPA对雄性生殖器官形态、生殖内分泌功能和男性生殖功能的影响及其毒性作用机制的最新进展和观点,并结合众多的研究现状提出了BPA雄性生殖毒性研究未来的发展方向.     

电子病历终端功能建设中流程的设想

随着电子病历的广泛使用,电子病历的终端服务功能的开发尚在进行中,结合医院正在建设的电子病历终端功能中的归档、借阅、复印、封存、解封、激活等功能,对各功能流程的设想,分析了电子病历终端功能流程设计中存在的问题,并提出电子病历的各终端功能流程设计的策略.     

医院景观设计探讨

概述了医院景观的功能,从医院功能分区的角度探析满足患者实际需求的景观设计,并提出了具体的设计策略.     

唇腭裂儿童认知功能损伤及其发育机制

唇腭裂是发生率较高的出生缺陷,可损伤儿童认知功能发育.该文从语言发育障碍、学习功能损伤、行为和社会适应问题等角度总结了唇腭裂儿童认知功能损伤的表现,从发育的观点阐述了引起这些损伤的机制,包括颅面发育与脑发育的同源性、与语言发育有关的听力问题以及遗传因素的作用,并提出针对发育因素的三级预防措施,以期改善唇腭裂儿童的认知功能,提高生存质量.     

2000年世界卫生报告带给我们的新启示

<2000年世界卫生报告>以全新的视角和观念提出了卫生系统的3个目标、4个功能、4个战略方向、5个技术评价指标,为世界各国提供了评价卫生系统绩效的新框架.作者在充分肯定世界卫生报告新思维、新框架的同时,提出个人评论意见,并对某些评价指标和评价结果提出商榷.     

医院人性化设计与建设

随着生活水平的不断提高,人们对就医环境提出了越来越高的要求,医院服务功能的广泛延伸也对医院的就医环境提出了更高的要求,追求人性化的设计理念已成为医院建筑发展的必然趋势.文章主要从流线、硬件、软件设计等方面对医院人性化设计和建设进行了论述.     

出凝血异常患者的术前评估与准备

为确保出凝血功能异常患者手术麻醉安全,手术前必须对出凝血功能进行正确的判断,并给予必要的治疗.本文提出了手术病人出凝血异常相关疾病筛选检测手段和出凝血功能的评估方法,以及病人手术麻醉前应采取的正确的准备和治疗措施.     

益母草的药用功能辨析

益母草是中医妇科的常用药物,其药用功能为多数药学典籍所肯定.但也有方家认为其只适用于产后肌表微热等轻症,而妇科重症则不适用于益母草.本文梳理了传统药学典籍对益母草药用功能的阐述,并结合现代药学理论对其进行分析,在此基础上,提出了对益母草药用功能的基本判断.     

GE 16排螺旋CT高压故障维修

主要叙述了控制扫描架和床的MSUB板的基本原理和主要功能,从另一个角度分析曝光中断的原因.提出了有益的解决问题的思路.     

腰椎间盘突出症患者的日常康复保健

腰椎间盘突出症的根治比较困难,易反复发作,日常保健显得非常重要.本文从起居、饮食、生活保健、功能锻炼、术后康复等方面对腰椎间盘突出症患者的日常康复保健提出了建议.     

新旧卫生标准管理文件对比分析

目的 通过探讨新旧卫生标准委员会章程和卫生标准管理办法的差异性,为新文件在实际工作中的应用提供参考,进一步促进卫生标准管理工作的发展。方法 从卫生标准委员会的名称、机构、职责以及专业委员会和委员的管理方面,对比分析新旧卫生标准委员会章程的差异和变化。结合实际工作情况,从卫生标准管理各环节,对比分析新旧卫生标准管理办法的差异和变化。结果 新卫生标准委员会章程调整了卫生标准委员会的名称和结构,完善了卫生标准委员会的职责,加强了对专业委员会和委员的管理;新卫生标准管理办法更加明确了卫生标准管理各环节的要求,强化了卫生标准立项、起草、审查等过程的管理,调整了卫生标准立项审查及报批的流程。结论 新卫生标准管理文件对卫生标准管理工作起到了重要的规范和指导作用,也为提高卫生标准工作质量和效率提供了有力保障。     

环境镉污染人群健康影响研究回顾

以人群调查研究资料为基础,从人群镉暴露的研究方法和暴露水平、人群的靶器官损害及早期敏感监测指标的研究进展、镉暴露对人群疾病与死亡的影响、环境人群健康危害监测等方面,对环境镉污染人群健康危害的研究现状进行了回顾。     

医疗机构人事与分配制度改革可行性研究

该文主要从医院运营效率和医务人员劳务报酬两方面进行分析.研究发现政府对卫生的投入不足,医疗服务收费价格不尽合理,劳务补偿不充分,医务人员工资收入没有合理反映其劳务价值,绩效考核不完善.因而提出人事分配制度的改革,以提高医疗卫生服务质量和效率,理顺医院和医务人员的补偿机制,体现医务人员的劳务价值.     

环氧化酶-2对细胞动力学和癌变影响的研究进展

综述近年来关于环氧化酶-2（cyclooxygenase-2，COX-2）对细胞动力学和癌变影响的研究进展。首先，总结了COX-2对细胞增殖的刺激作用和对细胞凋亡的抑制作用及其机制研究。其次，评述了COX-2对细胞动力学（对癌细胞生长、侵染及转移作用）的研究。第三，总结分析了COX-2基因表达与癌变之间的关系研究。第四，评论并展望了特异的和非特异的COX-2抑制剂治疗人肿瘤和哺乳动物肿瘤的效果。最后，介绍了COX-2对肿瘤血管形成的促进作用和机制研究。     

A review of data on the U.S. health sector spring 2006.

This report presents information on the state of the U.S. health system in the spring of 2006. It includes data on the uninsured and underinsured and their access to health care, on socioeconomic inequality in health care, and on the rising costs of the U.S. health system. It also presents information on the role of corporate money in health care, focusing on the pharmaceutical industry, Medicare HMOs, and corporate-government conflicts of interest. The author includes a survey of recent public opinion polls on health care and health system reform and an update on the U.S. national health insurance legislation. The article ends by reviewing recent data on international health systems and international system comparisons.     

Longevity, genes and efforts: an optimal taxation approach to prevention

This paper applies the analytical tools of optimal taxation theory to the design of the optimal subsidy on preventive behaviours, in an economy where longevity varies across agents, and depends on preventive expenditures and on longevity genes. Public intervention can be here justified on three grounds: corrections for misperceptions of the survival process and for externalities related to individual preventive behaviour, and redistribution across both earnings and genetic dimensions. The optimal subsidy on preventive expenditures is shown to depend on the combined impacts of misperception, externalities and self-selection. It is generally optimal to subsidize preventive efforts to an extent depending on the degree of individual myopia, on how productivity and genes are correlated, and on the complementarity of genes and preventive efforts in the survival function.     

Challenges in public health for the new century

The history of public health has followed different trends, depending on the prevailing theories of disease causality and the interventions that these suggest. From the concern with miasmas to the germ theory, to the stress on lifestyles and the current interest on the linkages between health, economic welfare, and social status, the proposed policies are contingent on how health and disease are conceptualized and explained. Ironically, now that there is increasing evidence on the socio-economic determinants of health, interventions continue to focus on specific target groups or disease categories, as well as on the medical sector.     

Breakthroughs in the study of the influence of environmental factors on male reproductive health

BACKGROUND: An important part of the research effort on male reproductive health focus on two important questions: on the one side, that of the temporal deterioration of male reproductive health and, on the other head, that of the influence of exposure to environmental chemicals during intra-uterine life on health during childhood and adulthood. The concepts on endocrine disruption and testicular dysgenesis syndrome make a link between these two questions. METHODS: This work examines knowledge cumulated over the last couple of years concerning geographical and temporal variations in male reproductive health and the testicular dysgenesis syndrome. Recent results concerning the concept of endocrine disruption and on the environmental influences on male reproduction are presented, as well as on the transgenerational effects on environmental factors on the health of male children. CONCLUSIONS: Based on clinical and epidemiological data, and with the use of in vitro animal models as well as observations in wildlife, research in this field has enabled progress in the elucidation of mechanisms of action and characterization of environmental influences on male reproductive health.     

Der Placeboeffekt in der Medizin

Placebos are medication surrogates that are able to improve symptoms in patients when prescribed by a doctor and for a patient, and that cannot be explained by a drug. In clinical testing and presumably also in clinical routine, placebo effects contribute substantially to the efficacy of medicines, at least with every-day diseases and complaints. Placebos on the one hand, and the mechanisms the response on the other, have not interfered with the development on novel drugs in past years, but have also brought about research that investigates its mechanisms and public interest in its clinical use in everyday medicine. Current knowledge grows by about 10.000 publications per year on placebo-controlled studies, and by nearly 100 papers on the placebo effect itself. This review will focus on the history of placebo use in medicine, on ethical issues related to the use of placebos, on methodological problems in placebo-controlled trials and their alternatives, and on mechanisms of the placebo response in clinical and experimental research, e.g. on type, size, dynamics, determinants, and predictors of the placebo response in the literature.