磁性要素量表及其在护理中的应用研究进展

文章综述了磁性要素量表的内容、应用、应用效果及效果评价。在此基础上,对量表在国内的研究前景进行了展望,并建议结合我国医疗护理特色,研制中国文化背景下的磁性要素量表。     

医院磁性要素量表的汉化及信效度检验

目的 翻译医院磁性要素量表,并检验该量表的信效度。方法 遵循Brislin模型对量表进行翻译,用中文版医院磁性要素量表对青岛市某三级曱等综合性医院的1389名临床护士进行测试,检测其信效度。结果 中文版医院磁性要素量表经过因子分析方差最大正交旋转法,共提取7个因子,45个条目,累计贡献率为72.328%,总量表的 Cronbach’s a系数为0.980,折半信度为0.919,重测信度为0.889。结论 中文版医院磁性要素量表的信度、效度良好,可用于评价我国医院护理工作环境的磁性水平。     

In-service education for home health aides by home health aides

Gerontological nursing as an emerging specialty is now recognized by all professional nurses as a legitimate professional entity capable of governing the care of older adults through implementation of standards of care. The historical upgrading of care is now reaching its culmination in the newly revised document titled Scope and Standards of Gerontological Nursing as published in 1988 by the Council of Gerontological Nursing of the American Nurses Association. The utilization of these standards should continue to assist nurses in whatever facility they may practice to upgrade the care delivered through partnership with the older adult and their family to a high degree of satisfaction for the consumer and the gerontological nurse practitioner. Expanded knowledge, expertise in skill and care measured by the standards of care are key components in achieving success as a professional nurse and bring pride to the profession of nursing.     

The home as a framework for health care

The past two or three decades have witnessed a steep rise in the cost of health and social services. It is anticipated that this uphill climb will continue and bring these systems to a complete collapse within a few decades. The prevention of this crisis depends on the elimination of some of the causes of the rise; (a) we do not want to save costs by sacrificing the quality of our services; (b) we have no control over the quantity of clients utilizing these services, or the seriousness of their problems; (c) we can, however, replace part of the expensive institutional care by the more natural and cost-effective home care, supplied by volunteers, strengthened by human and technological services. These principles guided an Israeli organization called Yad Sarah, whose leadership in the supply of home and community care enables thousands of ill, elderly and disabled people to remain at home, and thus save the high cost of institutionalization.     

Revising the Essentials of Magnetism tool: there is more to adequate staffing than numbers

In the Essentials of Magnetism (EOM) study, staff nurses in 9 of 16 hospitals known to have excellent staffing structures, ie Magnet hospitals, perceived staffing on their units as less than adequate. These hospitals did not fit the Magnet profile when compared to 26 Magnet, Magnet-aspiring, and non-Magnet hospitals. In the EOM study, the process "perception of adequacy of staffing" (PAS) was measured with a single-item indicator. A multi-item scale incorporating the results of a delivery system survey reported here, as well as other factors known to affect PAS, was constructed and evaluated. Results indicate that the 6-item PAS Scale is valid and reliable and is a more accurate measure of PAS than is a single-item indicator. The Magnet hospitals scored significantly higher on all 6 items of the scale than did the comparison hospitals. The 2 Magnet hospitals that did not score in the Magnet profile in the EOM study scored similarly to the Magnet hospital that scored very high in the Magnet profile. Measurement of the PAS process indicates whether staffing structures are viable and enabling and may account for the mixed results seen in some studies assessing the impact of staffing structures on patient outcomes. Discussion includes suggestions on how to promote smooth handoffs and accountability with flex delivery models, and emphasizes the need to evaluate the relationship between staff nurses' perceptions of adequate staffing and patient outcomes.     

Cost-effective potential for home health care

This article discusses the cost-effective potential of home health care. A forward-looking managed care system might find home health care an increasingly cost-effective bargain. Why is home health care evolving into a better locus for patient care? The home health care facilities are reducing costs and prices in response to new pressures from consumers and new methods of prospective payment.     

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Essentials of Magnetism Scale (EOM II)

Y?ld?r?m D., K?sa S. & Hisar F. (2012) Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Essentials of Magnetism Scale (EOM II). International Nursing Review Aim: To test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Essentials of Magnetism II Scale (EOMII) for use by staff nurses as being essential to quality patient care. Methods: This study consisted of 385 nurses from four joint commission internationally accredited hospitals. The EOMII scale was translated using a back‐translation technique. The statistical analysis was carried out using Cronbach's alpha to test the internal consistency of the scale, while the factor analysis was carried out using the principal component analysis together with the varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization to test its construct validity. Results: The total mean scores of all the items of the scale were found to be 155.33 (minimum 77 – maximum 219) and the standard deviation was 29.45. All the items showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.01). The Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.92, indicating a high level of reliability. Cronbach's alpha consistencies in subgroups were between 0.87 and 0.70. In this study, job satisfaction and quality results show the sign of convergence as in the original scale, which shows that the scale has a high construct validity (P < 0.01). Discussions: Transcultural differences in the quality of nursing services can only be compared with reliable and valid instruments. This study shows that the Turkish version of the EOMII scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the nurses' working environment and to provide quality patient care in Turkey.     

Sharps injuries in the home health care setting: risks for home health care workers.

Home health care nurses are at risk of needlesticks and blood exposures, yet few studies have been conducted related to such exposures in the home health care setting. This article describes a cross sectional prevalence pilot study of needlesticks and blood exposures conducted among three home health care agencies in the San Francisco Bay area. Needlestick and blood exposure reports from 1993 to 1996 were submitted from three home health care agencies. The exposures were categorized using an existing categorization system and compiled into a composite report. A total of 52 exposures occurred; nurses sustained 92% of exposures. Twenty-three percent occurred before, during, or after needle disposal; 17% from manipulating intravenous/access ports; 15% from improper disposal; and 13.5% during or after blood draw. Needle safety devices need to be specifically designed for the unique home health care setting and for a standardized rate of calculating needlestick injuries in this setting.     

Some lousy questions for home health nurses

Pediculosis continues to be a widespread problem for both the public and health care professionals, including home health nurses. Dealing with this problem is complicated by a number of factors, including questions concerning the efficacy and safety of the medications used and the level of knowledge of about this condition. Because pediculosis often is considered more as an embarrassing annoyance than a serious threat, it has a relatively low priority on the list of contemporary health care concerns. This article addresses several practical questions concerning the character and treatment of pediculosis that are of special concern to home health nurses.