徐州矿务集团1003例死亡尘肺病例分析

目的　探讨尘肺发生、发展及死亡规律 ,为其预防提供科学依据。方法　对徐州矿务集团 10 0 3例死亡尘肺病例进行分析。结果　 ( 1)死因构成列前四位的是 :尘肺、肺结核、慢性肺心病、肺癌 ;1990年开始 ,死因构成顺序变化为 :尘肺、慢性肺心病、肺癌、脑血管意外 ,肺结核已不再是导致尘肺患者死亡的主要因素。( 2 )死亡尘肺病例累计死亡百分比变化与接尘工龄长短有关 ,接尘工龄 5～ 2 0年间累计死亡百分比呈快速直线上升。 ( 3 )死亡尘肺病例中不同接尘工种之间平均死亡年龄、发病工龄有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;纯掘进工、纯采煤工的平均死亡年龄和发病工龄短于其他接尘工种。 ( 4)自七十年代以来 ,尘肺患者死亡年龄和病程呈延长趋势。结论　降低生产环境中粉尘浓度、限制接尘时限是预防和控制尘肺病的关键     

露天煤矿接尘矿工煤工尘肺发病特点的Poisson回归分析

目的探索不同性别及开始接尘年龄露天煤矿接尘矿工煤工尘肺的发病特点,为采取进一步的防制措施提供理论依据。方法调查阜新市露天煤矿所有接尘矿工煤工尘肺的发病情况,拟合Poisson回归模型,分析不同性别及开始接尘年龄的矿工煤工尘肺发病的差异。结果 Poisson回归模型的拟合度较好(P0.05),开始接尘年龄越大的矿工罹患煤工尘肺的风险越高,男性接尘矿工的发病风险高于女性(P0.05,IRR=4.06)。结论阜新矿业集团今后要加强对开始接尘年龄较大者及所有男性矿工煤工尘肺的防制工作,争取实现早发现早治疗,将可能的损失降到最低。     

广东省2867例尘肺死亡病例分析

作者对广东省２８６７例尘肺死亡病例进行研究分析。结果显示：接尘工龄长短与尘肺死亡年龄呈密切相关（ｒ＝０．３６７８，Ｐ＜０．０５）。在不同接尘工龄组中，接尘工龄越短，尘肺患者的平均死亡年龄越低（Ｆ值＝７１．２７＞Ｆ０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。随着年代发展，尘肺的平均死亡年龄逐渐增高（Ｆ值＝２３２．８７＞Ｆ０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。说明机体对粉尘反应的敏感程度有明显个体差异。为及时发现尘肺易感人群，应加强接尘工人的健康监护工作。     

职业医学

961527老年尘肺患者死亡情况分析/谭再芳//职业医学一1995,22(2)一31~32 调查老年(6O岁以上)尘肺患者死亡情况,与对照组相比,前者具有病死率低、发病年龄和存活时间较长等特点。另外,患者多死于冬夏季节,死因以肺结核、尘肺居前两位,提示治疗老年尘肺及其合并症过程中,应积极预防控制呼吸道炎症。图。表。参3 (罗冠)961529尘肺结核并发症防治研究进展/杜庆余…//河北医药一995,17(2)一101~102961528特殊类型尘肺大阴影先期病变的x线研究/刘培成…//中国工业医学杂志一1995,8(2)一91 从1 35d名煤矿接尘工人胸部x线片中发现80例为尘肺大阴影…     

晚发性煤工尘肺139例调查

为了探讨晚发性煤工尘肺的发病规律，选择脱尘两年后诊断为尘肺的139人为晚发组，选择在接尘作业中诊断为尘肺的40人为对照组。从开始接尘年代、接尘工龄、发病年限、晋期、死亡病程等几个方面对晚发组和对照组进行比较。结果表明，晚发组与对照组在接尘工龄、发病年限、死亡病程方面的差异有显著性。     

1996—2015 年河北省尘肺病发病特点分析

采用接尘工龄?发病年龄?死亡年龄?死亡病程四项指标对全省1996—2015 年新发和死亡的9 978 例尘肺病例进行分析?结果显示, 全尘肺?矽肺?煤工尘肺平均接尘工龄均呈缩短趋势, 尤以矽肺更为明显; 中小型企业的尘肺病接尘工龄明显短于大型企业, 小型企业的尘肺病人平均接尘工龄≤11. 36 年, 且人数明显增加; 自80 年代起, 接尘工龄≤10 年的尘肺病人人数逐年上升, 2004?2005 年达高峰?全尘肺?矽肺?煤工尘肺平均发病年龄呈先延长后缩短趋势, 死亡年龄和死亡病程均呈延长趋势, 1996—2010 年的15 年 间, 死亡年龄和死亡病程分别延长了5.44 岁?5.97 岁?5.40 岁和6.20 年?5.74 年?7.02 年?近20 年来河北省大型企业 尘肺病防治趋于规范?稳定, 医疗救治保障?生活水平的提 高使得尘肺病的死亡年龄?死亡病程大幅度延长?小型企业 尘肺病人迅速增多, 接尘工龄明显缩短, 尘肺病高发态势与防 治能力相对滞后的矛盾突显?政府和有关部门应加大粉尘污染 治理的力度, 分类管理, 重点控制, 重点监管中小型企业?     

255例尘肺患者流行病学调查

本文介绍了255例尘肺病人流行病学调查结果,分析了尘肺发病的行业系统,发病工、年龄,死亡工、年龄相互间的关系。尘肺在我地主要发生于煤炭系统。平均接尘年龄24.93年,平均发病工龄15年,发病年龄42.44年;平均死亡年龄46.58,接尘后死亡年限24.9年,患病后死亡年限5.35年。每年经济损失约50万元。     

某煤矿尘肺并发结核流行规律及影响因素分析

目的调查某煤矿尘肺结核的流行状况及其发病影响因素,为尘肺结核的防治提供依据。方法用回顾性流行病学调查方法对确诊的2 242例尘肺患者进行调查,查阅职业健康监护资料,建立数据库,采用SPSS 13.0软件包进行统计处理。结果尘肺结核合并率为23.46%(526/2242);尘肺结核的发生与尘肺期别(OR=2.817)、尘肺发病年龄(OR=1.177)、接尘年龄(OR=1.213)、接尘年代(OR=0.579)、接尘工龄(OR=0.734)有关。结论尘肺结核发生的危险性随尘肺期别、尘肺发病年龄和接尘年龄的增加而升高,随接尘工龄和接尘年代的增加而降低;尘肺期别、尘肺发病年龄、接尘年龄、接尘年代、接尘工龄对尘肺结核的发生有明显的影响。     

2008—2017年天津市某区尘肺病流行病学特征

目的了解天津市某区尘肺病现状和发病情况,掌握和分析天津市某区尘肺病例特征,为制定尘肺病防治对策提供理论依据。方法对654例尘肺病例的接尘工龄、诊断年龄,行业、工种分布以及死亡原因进行分析。将已录入中国疾病预防控制信息系统健康危害监测信息子系统中2008—2017年天津市某区累积尘肺病报告数据导入Excel,进行数据分析整理,用SPSS l7.0统计软件,采用方差分析进行统计分析。结果 2008—2017年天津市某区累积报告尘肺病例654例,其中新发病例565例,首次晋期病例42例,死亡病例47例。报告尘肺病例平均发病年龄58.74岁,平均接尘工龄24.12年。不同开始接尘年龄组的I期尘肺诊断年龄之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。尘肺病例以铸工尘肺、石棉尘肺、矽肺、电焊工尘肺和滑石尘肺为主,占尘肺病例总数的97.40%(637/654)。5种主要尘肺病种I期尘肺平均接尘工龄和平均诊断年龄差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。报告尘肺病例主要集中在制造业(625例,95.57%)。因尘肺死亡病例5例。结论天津市某区尘肺病防治工作形势依然严峻,相关监管部门应继续加强职业健康宣...     

515例职业性尘肺病流行病学特征分析

分析2008—2023年宜兴市515例职业性尘肺病例的流行病学特征,其中新发病例428例,晋期87例,死亡121例。新发病例主要为壹期302例(70.6%),病种主要为矽肺、煤工尘肺和陶工尘肺,共382例(89.3%);接尘工龄<5年56例(13.1%)。不同种类新发尘肺病壹期患者的发病年龄和接尘工龄差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),以电焊工尘肺发病年龄和接尘工龄最小。晋期病例主要为煤工尘肺和陶工尘肺,共71例(72.4%)。尘肺患者平均死亡年龄(74.9±9.3)岁,主要为煤工尘肺46例(38.0%)和矽肺44例(36.4%)。今后应加强对新发尘肺病例的预防和晋期病例的随访,减少发病和死亡人数。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.