锰对仔鼠血液,脑及睾丸组织中微量元素的影响

为研究大鼠孕期染锰后对其仔鼠血液、脑及睾丸组织中微量元素的影响,将妊娠雌性大鼠随机分为３组,腹腔注射氯化锰,剂量分别为０、７．５和１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ,测定出生２０天仔鼠的血液、脑及睾丸组织中锰、锌、铜的含量,结果与对照组比较,１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ染锰组脑及睾丸组织中锰含量明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０１,Ｐ〈０．０５）;血清锌含量两实验组均明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）,１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ染锰组脑及睾丸组织中锌含量均明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）;１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ染锰组脑组织中铜含量明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０５）。说明孕期染锰后通过胎盘和乳汗转运可影响仔鼠体内锰、锌、铜的代谢,从而对仔鼠神经、生殖系统等产生危害。     

锰对新生鼠脑组织热应激蛋白合成的影响

目的研究大鼠染锰后对其子代新生鼠脑组织热应激蛋白合成的影响。方法雌性大鼠随机分为４组,腹腔注射氯化锰两周,隔日一次,剂量分别为０、７５、１５、３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ;受孕后以同样方法继续染锰一周。分娩后对其新生鼠脑组织用ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ斑点印迹法检测热应激蛋白７０,并测定超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）。结果与对照组相比,ＳＯＤ活性在各组间差异无显著意义（Ｐ＞００５）;热应激蛋白７０,３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ组明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）,７５和１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ组略有增加,但差异无显著意义（Ｐ＞００５）。结论亲代高剂量染锰可诱导子代新生鼠脑组织热应激蛋白７０合成增高,但这种效应在锰的胚胎毒性中的作用和机理仍有待进一步阐明。     

孕期染锰对仔鼠血液微量元素的影响

研究大鼠孕期染锰后对其子代新生鼠血液中微量元素的影响,将妊娠雌性大鼠随机分为４组,腹腔注射氯化锰,剂量分别为０、７．５、１５、３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,待其自然分娩后采用原子吸收光谱法测定子代新生鼠血液中微量元素锰、铜、锌和铁含量。实验组与对照组相比,实验各组血液内锰含量明显增高,锌含量则低于对照组;实验各组血液内铜含量与对照组差异无显著性（Ｐ〉０．０５）,各组间血液内铁含量差异亦无显著性,大鼠孕期染锰,使     

砷对小鼠子代生长发育的影响

我们研究了孕鼠接触砷对子代生长发育的影响，结果显示，染砷各组仔鼠机体砷和脑组织砷含量增高，大脑皮层神经细胞结构异常。０．７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量组仔鼠表现为神经行为发育迟缓，外周血淋巴细胞α－醋酸萘酯酶（ＡＮＡＥ）阳性率降低．４．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量组仔鼠断乳后体重增长缓慢，血液胆碱酯酶活性降低，血清溶血素水平亦显著下降。表明砷可经母体影响胚胎和子代的生长发育。     

锰对雌性大鼠繁殖的影响

用Ｍｎｃｌ２３种剂量腹腔注射Ｗｉｓｔａｒ受孕大鼠，结果与对照组比较，７．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ组平均产仔数减少（Ｐ〈０．０５），初生仔鼠体重减轻及身长减短（Ｐ〈０．０１）；１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ组平均产仔数、分娩率、１￣５日龄仔鼠存活率及初生仔鼠体重，身长都显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）；３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ组全部受孕母鼠妊娠终止，无一例分娩，差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

低铅染毒对大鼠子代神经行为发育的影响

本实验选用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠，采用醋酸铅经口饲喂染毒，观察了低浓度铅对大鼠子代神经行为发育的影响。结果显示：各染毒组仔鼠的体格发育，早期生理发育，行为发育均明显落后于对照组（Ｐ＜００５，Ｐ＜００１）；学习和记忆能力也显著减退。结果提示，低浓度铅接触仍能影响子代中枢神经系统的发育，导致其神经行为功能的异常     

锂对小鼠子代神经行为发育的影响

本实验以昆明种小白鼠为模型，采用氯化锂经口饮水喂饲染毒，观察了锂对仔鼠神经行为发育的影响。结果表明：染毒组仔鼠体格发育、早期生理发育均显著滞后于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），神经行为发育迟缓，学习能力和记忆能力均明显减退。由此提示：锂染毒后不仅可损伤母鼠，而且可通过胎盘屏障作用于子代，影响其中枢神经系统的生长发育，导致神经行为发育异常。     

锰对大鼠甲状腺,肾上腺皮质功能影响研究

大鼠经腹腔注射ＭｎＣＬ２染毒３０天后，分别测定各染毒组（８、１６、２４ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重）及对照组血清ＦＴ３、ＦＴ４、ＴＳＨ、Ｆ的含量，结果：对照组ＦＴ３为８．６０７３．６５９Ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ，２４ｍｇ／ｋｇ组ＦＴ３为４。８４９２．１３４Ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；血清中Ｆ含量对照组大鼠为５２．８９１８．４４ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。１６ｍｇ／ｋｇ，２４ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重组分别为４０．５７８．４８ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ和３７．９１１０．１１ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），且有明显的剂量效应关系。说明锰在一定程度上损害了甲状腺及肾上腺皮质的功能。     

氟对小鼠子代生长发育的影响

观察结果显示，染氟各组仔鼠机体组织氟含量增高，大脑皮质神经细胞超微结构异常。０．４５ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量组仔鼠已表现为体格和早期神经行为发育迟缓；而０．４５ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量组３０日龄仔鼠血清溶血素水平显著增高。表明氟可经母体对仔鼠各系统的发育产生不同影响。     

电热毯对孕鼠子代脑儿茶酚胺和行为的影响

ＮＩＨ孕鼠整个孕期暴露于１－１．２ｋＶ／ｍ和０．２－０．４μＴ电磁场强度的电热毯，每天５ｈ。使用定量组织化学和行为毒理学方法新生儿代下丘脑儿茶酚胺（ＣＡ）含量及各种行为活动。结果显示，暴露组子代的ＣＡ含量不仅在出生后７天，而且在出生后４０天时也比对照组明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）及Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

西林瓶装注射用水的装量检查分析

为了检查西林瓶装注射用水的实际分装量是否符合2005年版《药典》三部要求,按照2005年版《药典》三部中“生物制品分装和冻干规程”,分装规格为0．8ml的西林瓶装注射用水10000瓶,随机在分装过程的前、中、后阶段共抽取100瓶,轧盖、目检。分别用1ml标定注射器及1ml普通无菌注射器抽取每瓶注射用水的实际体积,以t检验法对实际抽取量与标示量的差值进行统计学分析,结果显示其与2005年版《药典》三部要求分装附加量为0．1ml相比有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。     

对《医疗事故处理条例》的几点认识--学习《医疗事故处理条例》的一点体会

国务院颁布的《医疗事故处理条例》（以下简称《条例》）在吸收、总结原《医疗事故处理办法》（以下简称《办法》）实施十几年以来正反两方面经验教训的基础上，对《办法》作了许多重大的修改：《条例》扩大了医疗事故的主体与范围，提出了防范医疗事故的一些重要措施，授权医学会独立担纲医疗事故技术鉴定工作，赋予了患者更多的权利，规定医疗事故民事责任争议可以“私了”，制定了更为规范的医疗事故的赔偿制度等。《条例》作出的这些新规定必将使医疗事故得以更加科学、客观、公正、公平、合理的解决。认真学习、把握《条例》的这些新规定，很好地透视《条例》的立法宗旨与原则，必将极大地提高学习、宣传《条例》的主动性与积极性，更好地推进《条例》的贯彻执行工作。     

The analysis of case-control studies of the efficacy of screening for recurrence of cancer

Occasionally, the efficacy of screening for cancer recurrence has been evaluated by means of case-control studies. However, these studies generally have not been designed and analyzed in a manner that will yield an unbiased result. The commentary shows that by adhering to the principles developed for the analysis of studies of the efficacy of screening for the presence of a given cancer in persons with no history of this disease, a case-control study of screening for recurrence will improve its chances of obtaining valid findings.     

137例地中海贫血出生相关因素分析

目的:揭示地中海贫血患儿出生相关因素,提出干预措施,为进一步制定地贫预防控制总体规划提供决策参考。方法:对近3年137例地贫儿(45例重型β-地贫、29例中间型β-地贫、32例中间型α-地贫和31例巴氏胎儿水肿综合征)出生相关因素进行调查研究。结果:地贫儿出生相关社会心理因素顺位依次为:基因携带者不知情(70.07%)、经济困难(21.17%)、心理因素(5.11%)、其它(3.65%)。基因携带者对自身情况不知情是本组地贫儿主要出生相关因素,与其它出生相关因素有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:基因携带者自身的认识与重视是预防控制工作的一个重要组成部分,地贫高发区人群携带者(轻型β-地贫、α-地贫特征和静止型携带者)的检出及系统管理是预防控制工作的关键环节,应进一步应用生物、社会及心理的医学模式搞好地贫预防控制工作。     

可乐对小鼠精子质量影响

目的 探讨可乐对雄性小鼠精子质量及数量的影响.方法 31只昆明种雄性小鼠按体重随机分为阴性对照组、低剂量组、高剂量组(分别以0.6ml生理盐水、0.3,0.6ml可乐灌胃),腹腔注射组(0.6ml可乐注射)和阳性对照组(0.6ml环磷酰胺腹腔注射)5组.灌胃及腹腔注射1次/d,连续7d,测定小鼠精子的运动参数,并观察其畸形发生率.结果 高剂量组肾脏系数与阴性对照、低剂量组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹腔注射组与阴性对照组比较小鼠附睾系数明显升高(P<0.05).腹腔注射组的精子平均移动角度与阴性对照组比较明显升高(P<0.05),低剂量组精子密度与阳性对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).高剂量组、阳性对照组与阴性对照组比较精子畸形率明显升高(P<0.05);低、高剂量组及腹腔注射组与阳性对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);低、高剂量组与腹腔注射组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 可乐对小鼠精子活性和形态有一定的影响.