Splenogonadal fusion: Report of a case

A 15-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with a left undescended testis. He also suffered from congenital limb defects. Ultrasonography revealed atrophic testicular tissue in the left groin, approximately 2-cm in size. Upon left inguinal exploration, atrophic testicular tissue was found and an orchidectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed splenogonadal fusion, which has a known association with congenital limb defects.     

Splenogonadal fusion: Report of a case and review of the literature

We report a case of splenogonadal fusion masquerading as a testicular tumor and review the etiology, the pathogenesis and the management of this rare disease. A 20-year-old male patient presented with clinical and radiological findings of a left testicular mass for which he underwent a left radical inguinal orchidectomy. Histopathology of the removed testicle revealed no tumor. The gonad was fused to ectopic splenic tissue, the later forming a distinct encapsulated mass attached to the lower pole of the testicle inside the tunica vaginalis. Splenogonadal fusion, although a rare condition, may account for a non-malignant testicular mass and should be suspected in young patients with other congenital anomalies.     

Transverse testicular ectopia with splenogonadal fusion: A case report

Both transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) and splenogonadal fusion (SGF) are rare congenital abnormalities. We report a case with both TTE and SGF, simultaneously. As far as we know, this is the first reported case. In order to identify a case of TTE or SGF, it is necessary to consider that the testes and ectopic spleens have similar patterns on ultrasonograph and magnetic resonance imaging.     

Splenogonadal fusion: a case report and review of literature

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare entity and has been observed in all age groups. It should be kept in mind during inguinal surgery. We report a case of splenogonadal fusion associated with bilateral cryptorchidism and hypospadias.     

Splenogonadal fusion: case presentation and literature review

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital anomaly in which there is fusion of the spleen and the gonad or mesonephric derivatives. To date, approximately 150 cases have been reported since the condition was first described by Bostroem in 1883 (Bostroem E. Demonstration eines Praparates von Verwachsung der Milz mit dem lenken Hoden. Gesellschaft deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte, Verhandlungen der 56 Versammlung, Freiburg; 1883. p. 149). Very few cases have been diagnosed preoperatively, and many cases presenting as a testicular swelling underwent an unnecessary orchiectomy with the suspicion of a testicular neoplasm. A case is presented and the related literature is reviewed.     

Splenogonadal fusion: report of a rare variety

We report an unusual case of splenogonal fusion in a 10-year-old boy with an undescended left testis. He suffered from congenital limb defects, a known association with splenogonadal fusion, and had originally been admitted for orchidopexy.     

介入治疗肾破裂大出血伴双侧睾丸动脉异位开口1例

患者男,32岁,因“右腰部车祸撞伤后剧痛伴意识不清3 h”入院;既往体健。查体:血压70/50 mmHg,心率135次/分,面色苍白,神志不清,右侧腰部见片状瘀斑。实验室检查:血红蛋白57 g/L。腹部平扫CT示右肾增大、形态失常、肾实质密度不均,周围见半月状高密度影,肾周脂肪间隙模糊不清(图1A)。诊断:失血性休克,右肾挫裂伤伴包膜下血肿。于局麻下急行肾动脉造影,术中见右肾上腺下动脉对比剂明显外溢,以1枚2 mm×20 mm Cook弹簧圈及350~560μm明胶海绵颗粒予以栓塞;右肾前支动脉1分支闭塞,考虑破裂血管自发性痉挛,以2枚2 mm×30 mm弹簧圈栓塞(图1B、1C);右睾丸动脉开口于肾包膜上动脉,与之共干于肾上极动脉,以1枚2 mm×20 mm弹簧圈栓塞肾包膜上动脉弓,复查造影显示睾丸动脉保留完好(图1D、1E)。     

Case report: Crossed testicular ectopia

Crossed testicular ectopia is a rare congenital anomaly in which both testes descend through a single inguinal canal. The typical presentation is that of ipsilateral inguinal hernia and contralateral cryptorchidism. This is a case report of crossed testicular ectopia in a 6-month-old male infant with depiction of herniorrhaphy and laparoscopic intraabdominal findings.     

Torsion of huge wandering accessory spleen. Case report and review of literature

IntroductionAccessory spleens are found in 10–15% of the population, and are even more prevalent in patients with hematological disorders (Rudowski, 1985). It infrequently may become symptomatic due to torsion, spontaneous rupture or hemorrhage which may lead to death. Torsion of an accessory spleen is extremely rare, and requires prompt medical attention [2] (Coote et al., 1999).Presentation of caseWe report the case of a 27-year-old Mediterranean lady with thalassemia trait, who presented to the emergency department with an acute surgical abdomen due to torsion of a giant accessory spleen, measuring 13 cm. She was diagnosed with the aid of ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan and was treated surgically through resection of the spleen.Discussion and conclusionTorsion of an accessory spleen is not common, and is the surgical indication in about 0.2–0.3% of splenectomies (Mortele et al., 2004). It has variable clinical presentations, and is a difficult preoperative diagnosis due to lack of specificity of symptoms. Accessory spleens are usually smaller than 3 cm, with few cases being reported as larger than 10 cm larger accessory spleens have a higher rate of torsion. Knowledge of this pathology, and familiarity with its radiological findings are fundamental to accurately diagnosing and manageming this challenging condition.     

Splenogonadal fusion in adults: presentation of three cases and review of the literature

Splenogonadal fusion (SGF) is a rare congenital anomaly in boys and girls. It commonly presents as a testicular mass treated with an unnecessary orchiectomy. We present 3 cases of SGF diagnosed in adulthood and discuss the published literature focusing on several aspects of this rarity. These cases of SGF of both types presented with the usual complaints. In our first case, orchiectomy was performed since the left testis was hypoplastic and testicular neoplasm could not be ruled out. The testicles could be preserved in the latter 2 cases. The second case is the continuous-type SGF associated with contralateral testicular aplasia and, to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of continuous SGF associated with testicular aplasia. Knowledge of this entity may help prevent unnecessary orchiectomy.     

Hepatic pulmonary fusion: case report with review of literature

Hepatic pulmonary fusion is a rare congenital anomaly and is associated with abnormal systemic venous drainage and arterial supply. We describe multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiogram findings of an 11-year-old boy with recurrent cough, fever, and respiratory distress caused by hepatic pulmonary fusion.     

自锚式腰椎侧方融合器在斜外侧椎间融合术治疗腰椎融合术后邻近节段病中的应用

目的 :评价自锚式腰椎侧方融合器在斜外侧椎间融合(oblique lateral interbody fusion,OLIF)术治疗腰椎融合术后邻近节段病中的应用效果。方法:2014年3月～2020年3月在我院治疗的腰椎融合术后症状性邻近节段退变患者35例,其中采用自锚式腰椎侧方融合器行斜外侧椎间融合术13例(OLIF组),男7例,女6例;年龄48～75岁(56.2±15.4岁)。采用后方经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF)术22例(TLIF组),男12例,女10例;年龄38～76岁(48.2±24.5岁)。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间和并发症发生率,在术前、术后3个月和末次随访时采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评定腰痛和腿痛情况、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评定临床疗效。结果:OLIF组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间均小于TLIF组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。OLIF组术后出现并发症3例(23.1%),TLIF组术后出现并发症5例(22.7%),两组并发症发生率无统计学差异(P0.05)。术后随访12～72个月(35.4±21.9个月),OLIF组术前、术后3个月和末次随访时的腰痛、腿痛VAS评分和ODI分别为7.6±1.1分、7.8±1.1分、(58.9±10.8)%,1.7±0.3分、1.8±0.2分、(19.6±1.5)%和0.7±0.3分、0.7±0.3分、(18.3±0.7)%;TLIF组分别为8.0±1.0分、8.0±1.0分、(57.4±11.5)%,1.8±0.3分、1.9±0.3分、(20.9±1.2)%和0.5±0.1分、0.5±0.2分、(19.2±0.8)%;两组术后3个月及末次随访时的腰、腿痛VAS评分及ODI均较术前显著性改善(P0.05),两组同时间点比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:应用自锚式腰椎侧方融合器行OLIF治疗腰椎融合术后邻近节段病安全、有效,并能够缩短手术时间和住院时间,有利于早期康复。     

Urinary bladder dysfunction following anterior lumbosacral spine fusion: case report and review of the literature

A 34-year-old woman suffering from chronic degenerative low back pain involving L5-S1 disc space, refractory to conservative treatment, underwent spinal fusion. A combined instrumented posterolateral, followed by anterior, interbody allograft fusion through a left retroperitoneal approach was performed. Postoperatively, the patient was unable to evaculate her bladder and control her micturition. Anal tone and sensation were intact. A self-catheterisation regime was instituted with a diagnosis of parasympathetic nerve injury during the anterior spinal fusion. After a period of 3 months, the patient regained control of urination. We report this case to highlight the importance of protecting the parasympathetic presacral nerve during L5-S1 anterior interbody fusion, as injury to this nerve affects urinary evacuation.     

Incisional hernia after extreme lateral interbody fusion on the lumbar spine: A case report

IntroductionExtreme lateral interbody fusion is a minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach for spine surgery. We herein report a case of an incisional hernia after an extreme lateral interbody fusion on the lumbar spine that was successfully treated by laparoscopic surgery with intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair.Presentation of caseA 78-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a complaint of left abdominal bulge and pain. She had undergone an extreme lateral interbody fusion for a lumbar spinal canal stenosis from L1 to L4 a year prior. Abdominal computerized tomography showed a left lumbar incisional hernia, and laparoscopic surgery was performed. The hernia orifice was sutured closed and covered with mesh. The patient was discharged five days after the operation with no complications.DiscussionWhen performing XLIF for a spinal disorder, the muscles should be separated bluntly along their fibers to prevent muscle atrophy, and the incised fascia should be securely sutured closed. Abdominal wall incisional hernias can occur after spinal surgeries such as extreme lateral interbody fusion.ConclusionLaparoscopic repair for abdominal wall incisional hernia after spine surgery is safe and feasible.     

Dual thyroid ectopia with a normally located pretracheal thyroid gland: case report and literature review

BACKGROUND: Only 1 case with dual thyroid ectopy and a normally located thyroid gland has been reported. METHODS: We present the case of a 71-year-old woman who had 1-sided lateral neck swelling in the right submandibular space, which grew and doubled in size within 1 year. A CT scan demonstrated 2 right submandibular, lobulated, heterogeneously enhanced masses, an ectopic lingual thyroid, and bilateral thyroid goiter. A Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate thyroid scan revealed a cold area in the right lateral neck region below the submandibular gland, an ectopic lingual thyroid, and bilateral pretracheal thyroids. She underwent total thyroidectomy and en bloc excision of right neck masses. Thyroxin was prescribed following the surgery. RESULTS: Pathological diagnoses were ectopic thyroid tissue with goitrous change and bilateral thyroid goiter. CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates that dual ectopic thyroid tissue accompanying a normally located thyroid gland can exist and should be differentiated from head and neck malignancies.     

The pathogenesis of cryptorchidism and splenogonadal fusion: a new hypothesis

Objective To obtain new information about the pathogenesis of cryptorchidism. Materials and methods Published reports of 111 males with splenogonadal fusion were examined and the presence and type of cryptorchidism and the degree of continuity between the spleen and gonads determined. Results Of the 111 cases, 31% had cryptorchidism and of these 59% were bilaterally cryptorchid; 26% and 65% had right and left intra-abdominal testes, respectively. Of those with continuous splenogonadal fusion, 44% had cryptorchidism. Solely cryptorchid cases with splenogonadal fusion had reported bilateral absence of both legs, imperforate anus, spina bifida, diaphragmatic hernia and hypospadias. Conclusion An hypothesis is proposed that the abnormal development of the diaphragmatic ligaments of the testes may lead to lack of their involution, with consequent cryptorchidism. In the case of splenogonadal fusion, the abnormal ligaments are colonized by splenic cells, possibly because of an abnormal proximity to the splenic anlage, with the resulting abnormal ligament persisting as the splenic cord and thus resulting in cryptorchidism. The basic abnormality may be in the connections of the diaphragmatic ligaments, caused by abnormal midline development in the third to fourth week of gestation.     

前尿道融合术治疗完全型双阴茎畸形一例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨采用前尿道融合术治疗1例完全型双阴茎畸形的可行性、安全性及临床价值. 方法 2011年3月收治1例17岁完全型双阴茎畸形患者.体检示两阴茎发育好；尿道造影及尿道镜检查显示两尿道完全分开且分别进入膀胱.术中将两前尿道腹侧从尿道外口到球部尿道分别剖开,4-0可吸收线将两剖开的尿道侧侧连续缝合成一条尿道,双阴茎合二为一.对比分析患者手术前后夜间阴茎勃起试验(nocturmal penile tumescence,NPT)及阴茎震感阈值. 结果 患者术后随访12个月,术后无血肿、尿瘘、尿失禁等并发症.阴茎外形恢复正常,晨间勃起及排尿正常.术后6个月NPT和生物震感阈值检测显示,患者夜间勃起强度、持续时间及勃起次数与术前相比无明显变化(P＞0.05). 结论 前尿道融合术是治疗双阴茎畸形的一种有效途径,不影响患者的排尿功能及性功能,安全可行.     

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in advanced prostate cancer: Case report and published work review

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a generalized disorder of the microcirculation characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MHA), thrombocytopenic purpura and systemic microvascular thrombi. TTP has been previously described in two patients with prostate cancer (PC). We report a third case of TTP in a 61-year-old man with hormone-refractory bone metastatic PC. The syndrome presented with confusion, anuric acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia and MHA. A satisfactory recovery was achieved after plasma exchange (PE). TTP should be included in the coagulation disorders occurring in PC patients. Early treatment with plasma exchange is recommended in these particular cases.