中国人脑胶质瘤中表皮生长因子受体的表达

目的：研究中国人脑胶质瘤中表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）的表达及其在脑胶质瘤靶向性基因治疗中的意义。方法：应用免疫组化法检测人脑胶质瘤组织及瘤周组织EGFR的表达水平，检测人脑胶质瘤细胞株U87MG、U251MG和大鼠脑胶质瘤株C6表面EGFR的表达，筛选EGGR高表达胶质瘤细胞株作为靶向性非病毒载体基因转移系统的靶细胞。结果：肿瘤组织与瘤周组织的EGFR表达水平有显区别，肿瘤组织EGFR表达水平明显高于瘤周组织（P＜0．01）；肿瘤组织EGFR表达水平与肿瘤级别有显相关性，肿瘤级别越高，EGFR表达水平越高（P＜0．05）；人脑胶质瘤细胞株U251MG为EGFR相对高表达细胞株，其平均表达水平明显高于U87MG和C6细胞株。结论：中国人脑胶质瘤中存在表皮生长因子受体的过度表达，不同胶质瘤细胞株表皮生长因子受体的表达相差悬殊，EGFR可作为靶受体应用于脑胶质瘤的靶向性基因治疗。     

磷酸甘油酸变位酶1在脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的：研究磷酸甘油酸变位酶1（PGAM1）在脑胶质瘤细胞中的表达情况,探讨PGAM1在胶质瘤恶性生长中的作用。方法：应用逆转录聚合酶链反应检测PGAM1在大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞和星形胶质细胞中的表达。应用免疫组织化学法检测人脑胶质瘤组织和瘤周脑组织中PGAM1蛋白的表达。结果：（1）PGAM1在C6胶质瘤细胞中表达显著高于星形胶质细胞（P〈0.05）。（2）对照组15例瘤周脑组织中PGAM1阴性12例,阳性表达3例（20.00%）。观察组43例脑胶质瘤标本中PGAM1阳性表达29例,PGAM1阴性14例（67.44%）。PGAM1两组表达率比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.29,P〈0.05）。结论：PGAM1可能与人脑胶质瘤的恶性生长有关。     

神经细胞粘附分子对人恶性脑胶质瘤细胞株体内外增殖能力的影响

目的：探讨神经细胞粘附分子（neural cell adhesion molecule,NCAM)对人脑胶细胞株U251MG增殖行为的影响。方法：将外源性NACM－140质粒转入U251MG细胞株,采用流式细胞仪及培养细胞增殖动力学方法比较转染前后细胞的细胞周期、增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)表达及群体增殖速度;在裸鼠颅内原位接种上述细胞,观察成瘤率及肿瘤大小。结果：NCAM转染后细胞的体外增殖速度减慢（P＜0．05）,S期细胞减少,PCNA表达率下降;裸鼠颅内接种的成瘤率显降低（P＜0．01）,肿瘤体积明显较小。结论：转染外源性NCAM在体外、体内均可抑制人脑胶质瘤细胞株U251MG的增殖。     

人脑星形细胞瘤中p53,bcl—2基因表达的研究

目的：探讨p53,bcl-2基因在人脑星形细胞瘤发生发展中的作用。以及上述基因蛋白检测对星形细胞瘤的诊断,分级的临床意义。方法：采用免疫组化S－P染色法对47例人脑星形细胞瘤组织蜡块标本进行p53,bcl-2基因蛋白检测。结果：47例脑星形细胞瘤中p53,bcl-2蛋白的阳性率分别为48．9％（23／47）,57．4％（27／46）,其中多形性胶质母细胞瘤的p53基因蛋白阳性水平高于星行细胞瘤,而bcl-2蛋白阳性水平则是星行细胞瘤高于多形性胶质母细胞瘤。结论：p53,bcl-2基因的异常表达与人脑星形细胞瘤的发生,发展有密切关系,对星形细胞瘤的病理分级和预后判断有积极的意义。     

Survivin蛋白在人脑星形细胞瘤组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨凋亡抑制Survivin蛋白在人脑星形细胞瘤组织中的表达及其与脑星形细胞瘤发生、发展的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学Elivision二步法检测67例脑星形细胞瘤组织和10例对照组组织标本中Survivin蛋白的表达水平。结果对照组阳性表达率明显低于脑星形细胞瘤Ⅰ～Ⅳ级组（P〈0．01）。高分化组（脑星形细胞瘤Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组）阳性表达率为24．24％，明显低于低分化组（脑星形细胞瘤Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组）的70．59％（P〈0．01）。相关性分析结果显示，肿瘤分化高低与Survivin蛋白的表达强度呈正相关（r=0．437，P〈0．01）。结论Survivin蛋白在脑星形细胞瘤组织中呈高表达；且随脑星形细胞瘤病理级别的增高，阳性表达率和表达强度增强。Survivin蛋白在脑星形细胞瘤发生、发展过程中具有重要作用。     

原位杂交检测EGFR和c-erbB-2基因在人脑胶质瘤中的表达

目的：探讨表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）和c-erbB-2基因表达与人脑胶质瘤发生发展的关系。方法：采用原位杂交方法检测52例人脑胶质瘤、2株人脑胶质瘤细胞系及8例正常人脑组织中EGFR和c-erbB-2基因mRNA的表达。结果：EGFRmRNA阳性率在高恶性度（Ⅲ～Ⅳ级）胶质瘤为79．2％,低恶性度（Ⅰ～Ⅱ级）胶质瘤为50．0％,二差异显（P＜0．05）;c-erbB-mRNA阳性率在高恶性胶质瘤为83．3％,低恶性度胶质瘤为71．4％,二无显差别（P＞0．05）;EGFR和c-erbB-2mRNA表达均随胶质瘤恶性程度增高而增强（P＜0．01）。EGFR和c-erbB-2mRNA在2株人脑胶持瘤细胞系中均有表达,在8例正常人脑组织中均无表达。EGFR和c-erbB-mRNA表达结果密切相关（P＜0．05）。结论：EGFR和c-erbB-2基因在人脑胶质中普遍表达,且随胶质瘤恶性程度增高而表达增强,EGFR和c-erbB-2基因共表达在人脑胶质瘤发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。     

PTEN蛋白在人脑星形细胞瘤中的表达及意义

目的：探讨PTEN蛋白在不同分化程度的星形细胞瘤组织中的表达。方法：应用S-P免疫组化技术检测46例星形细胞瘤中PTEN蛋白的表达。结果：人脑星形细胞瘤组织中PTEN蛋白的阳性表达率为63．4％，星形细胞瘤组织中PTEN蛋白的阳性表达低分化（Ⅲ～Ⅳ级）显著低于高分化（Ⅰ～Ⅱ级）（P〈0．01）；病理分级与PTEN蛋白的阳性表达呈负相关（r=-0．612．P〈0．01）。结论：PTEN基因突变、缺失与脑星形细胞瘤的分化程度及演进密切相关。     

人脑星形细胞瘤组织转化生长因子α及表皮生长因子受体检测

目的：研究转化生长因子α（TGF-α）及表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）的表达与人脑星形细胞瘤发生发展的关系.方法：用原位杂交及免疫组化技术检测50例人脑星形细胞瘤（其中星形细胞瘤18例（WHO grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ级）,间变性星形细胞瘤20例（WHO gradeⅢ级）,多形性胶质母细胞瘤12例（WHO gradeⅣ级））和10例正常脑组织中TGF-α mRNA、TGF-α蛋白及EGFR蛋白的表达.结果：正常脑组织中无TGF-α和EGFR表达.50例星形细胞瘤TGF-α mRNA阳性率为56%,TGF-α蛋白和EGFR蛋白的阳性率分别为64%和68%,3者的表达水平均与肿瘤的病理分级呈正相关（P＜0.01）.TGF-α蛋白与EGFR蛋白表达均存在相关性（P＜0.05）.结论：人脑星形细胞瘤有TGF-α基因异常表达,TGF-α/EGFR自分泌系统在肿瘤发生发展过程中起重要作用.     

水通道蛋白1、4在培养大鼠星形胶质细胞、BT325细胞及人脑胶质瘤组织中的表达

目的 水通道蛋白作为细胞膜特异性水转运蛋白在脑内分布广泛,参与脑内水平衡调节,与脑肿瘤、脑创伤等多种疾病导致的脑水肿有关.本实验主要研究水通道蛋白1、4在培养大鼠星形胶质细胞、人多形性胶质母细胞瘤系BT325细胞及人脑胶质瘤组织中的表达情况.方法 应用胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫细胞化学染色鉴定培养大鼠星形胶质细胞及BT325细胞.应用反转录PCR法检测GFAP、AQP1及AQP4在不同组织细胞中的表达.结果 实验中培养大鼠星形胶质细胞及BT325细胞GFAP免疫细胞化学染色阳性.体外培养大鼠星形胶质细胞、人胶质母细胞瘤组织及对照组标本均有GFAP表达,同时也有AQP1及AQP4表达.BT325细胞只有GFAP表达,无AQP1及AQP4表达.结论 AQP1、4在培养大鼠星形胶质细胞及胶质瘤组织中均有表达,可能对脑功能的维持及肿瘤性脑水肿的发生、消散有重要影响.     

人脑胶质瘤中EGFR表达及微血管密度

目的：探讨表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）表达和血管生成在人脑胶质瘤发生发展中的作用以及EGFR表达与血管生成的关系。方法：采用免疫组化SABC和ABC方法分别检测63例人脑胶质瘤中EGFR和Ⅷ因子盯关抗原（FⅧRAg）的表达，计算微血管密度（MVD）。结果：高恶性度（Ⅲ-Ⅳ级）胶质瘤EGFR阳性率为83％，低恶性度（I－Ⅱ级）胶质瘤为58％，二者差异显著（P＜0．05）。EGFR表达随胶质瘤恶性程度增高而增强（P＜0．01）。高恶性度胶质瘤MVD高于低恶性度胶质瘤（P＜0．05）。胶质瘤MVD与EGFR表达呈正相关（γ＝0．899，P＜0．05）。结论：EGFR表达与血管生成是脑胶质瘤发生发展过程中的重要事件，EGFR具有促血管生成作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.