艾灸对大负荷训练期间男子中长跑运动员T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的:探讨艾灸对大负荷训练期间男子中长跑运动员外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞亚群的调节作用。方法:12名中长跑男子运动员随机分为对照组(6名)和实验组(6名),在准备期的大负荷训练阶段进行实验。第1周为适应训练周,第2～4周为大负荷训练期,第5周为调整训练周。大负荷训练期间每天训练2次,每周训练6天;实验组每天下午训练后,分别交替选取(1)关元穴、足三里穴(双)和(2)关元穴、三阴交穴(双)两组穴位进行艾灸治疗,每天灸一组,使用艾灸器内置纯艾条,分别置于上述穴位上温和灸刺激,每次30 min,每周治疗6次;从大负荷训练周开始至调整训练周结束,共灸治4周。对照组同实验组进行相同的训练和生活,但不进行艾灸治疗。分别在大负荷运动训练前、大负荷运动训练3周后、调整训练1周后采用流式细胞仪检测运动员外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞亚群相对含量。结果:(1)实验组大负荷运动训练3周后CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T细胞比大负荷前明显增加(P<0.05),且CD3+比对照组大负荷后明显增高(P<0.05);(2)调整训练1周后,对照组CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T细胞与大负荷训练后相比均明显下降(P<0.05),且低于运动员正常值范围,实验组CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T细胞比大负荷训练后降低(P<0.05),且CD3+、CD8+T细胞显著高于对照组同期(P<0.05);(3)对照组大负荷训练3周后CD4+/CD8+比值较大负荷训练前明显上升(P<0.05),调整训练1周后仍继续上升(P>0.05),实验组大负荷训练后升高,调整训练1周后恢复,前后3次检测值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:艾灸能提高男子中长跑运动员大负荷运动训练期间CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞亚群的含量,可防止CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞亚群的低下,预防CD4+/CD8+平衡失调。     

运动与淋巴细胞、吞噬细胞研究进展

淋巴细胞是参与特异性免疫的主要细胞,其中T细胞主要介导细胞免疫,B细胞介导体液免疫。而完成非特异性免疫的细胞主要是吞噬细胞。人体外周血的吞噬细胞主要是中性粒细胞和单核细胞。因此,淋巴细胞和吞噬细胞历来是运动免疫学研究的重点。本文主要就近几年来有关这方面的研究成果作一综述。1运动与淋巴细胞1.1运动与淋巴细胞亚群运动对外周血淋巴细胞总数和亚群均有影响,主要表现为CD4+所占T细胞的比例下降,而CD8+上升或不变;也可表现为CD8+增加的比例大于CD4+增加的比例。最终结果是CD4+/CD8+比值下降。但也有报道运动后CD4+百分比…     

SLE患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群变化的临床意义

目的探讨淋巴细胞亚群在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)病人发病中的临床意义。方法采用流式细胞术检测了70例SLE患者(其中活动期38例,非活动期32例)以及30例健康体检者外周血CD3+/CD4+、CD3+/CD8+、CD3+/CD19+、NK(CD3+/CD16++CD56+)细胞的表达水平。结果与正常对照组相比,活动期SLE患者CD4+、NK细胞百分率明显降低(P<0.05),CD8+、B(CD19+)细胞百分率明显升高(P<0.05),CD4+/CD8+比值显著降低(P<0.01)。SLE患者活动期与非活动期比较,CD4+细胞数低于稳定期,CD8+细胞数明显高于稳定期。结论 SLE患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群细胞数的变化与疾病的病程和临床表现相关联。     

模拟氦氧饱和潜水环境对小鼠T细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨饱和潜水环境对外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响.方法 昆明种小鼠30只,随机分为5组,即对照组、100 m饱和暴露24 h组和72 h组、400 m饱和暴露24 h组和72 h组,每组6只.小鼠均于出舱后10 min取血抗凝,以流式细胞术检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化.结果 100 m暴露后CD4+淋巴细胞及CD4+/CD8+有上升趋势,400 m暴露24、72 h后CD4+淋巴细胞及CD4+/CD8+比值均明显降低.结论 模拟氦氧饱和潜水环境对机体细胞免疫功能的影响与暴露压力密切相关.     

固相酶联免疫斑点技术检测递增负荷过度训练大鼠细胞免疫机能变化研究

目的:建立大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞中Th1/Th2型淋巴细胞亚群表达的固相酶联免疫斑点(ELISPOT)技术检测方案,进一步比较Th1/Th2淋巴细胞和CD4+/CD8+在大鼠递增负荷过度训练过程中的改变,为筛选最佳免疫学评价指标提供参考。方法:雌性SD大鼠进行9周递增负荷跑台训练,分别在训练的第1周、第3周、第9周训练结束后的36小时,以及恢复1周后处死大鼠。采用不同种类刺激剂、不同刺激剂浓度刺激不同数量大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞,建立最佳ELISPOT检测方案。检测大鼠血红蛋白、睾酮、皮质酮,评估疲劳模型的建立,并对Th1/Th2型淋巴细胞亚群以及传统免疫学指标CD4+/CD8+进行动态观察。结果:建立最佳ELISPOT技术检测方案:PMA和Ionomycin联合刺激。刺激物浓度:检测γ干扰素(IFN-γ)时PMA浓度为2.5ng/ml,检测白细胞介素4(IL-4)时PMA浓度为10ng/ml;检测IFN-γ时Ionomycin浓度为0.05μg/ml,检测IL-4时Ionomycin浓度为0.2μg/ml。细胞浓度:3×104cells/孔(IFN-γ),60×104cells/孔(IL-4)。运动后36小时,运动组血红蛋白、睾酮、皮质酮均较对照组显著下降;经1周恢复后,和对照组相比无显著性差异。递增负荷运动第1周跑台训练后,运动组Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ与对照组相比显著升高;第3周跑台训练后,运动组和对照组相比显著下降;恢复1周后,运动组IFN-γ与对照组相比显著下降。递增负荷训练结束后的恢复期,运动组Th2型细胞因子IL-4较对照组升高了1.44倍(P<0.01)。CD4+/CD8+在整个训练期及恢复期均无显著性变化。结论:递增负荷过度训练过程中,与CD4+/CD8+相比,采用ELISPOT技术检测SD大鼠Th1/Th2淋巴细胞亚群的改变具有较高的灵敏性。     

微波辐照对大鼠外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 探讨微波辐照对大鼠外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响及其可能机制.方法 健康雄性清洁级Wistar大鼠,经0、5、10、30和60 mW/cm2不同功率密度微波辐照后1、7、14、28d,用流式细胞仪检测外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T细胞、CD4+/CD8+比值和CD45RA+B细胞,观察其变化情况.结果 辐照后7d...     

牛初乳对优秀赛艇运动员强化耐力训练期免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨牛初乳对长时间强化耐力训练后运动员免疫功能抑制的调节作用。方法:将15名国家健将级赛艇男运动员随机分为运动对照组和牛初乳组。两组运动员同时进行30天内容相同的运动训练,训练期间牛初乳组以15g/d的剂量补充牛初乳。训练期前及训练期后分别测定各组运动员的各项免疫指标。结果:强化耐力训练期后,牛初乳组淋巴细胞数量明显增加,并显著高于运动对照组(P<0.001);CD3+T细胞和CD4+/CD8+比值维持在训练前正常水平,但均显著高于对照组(P<0.01);训练期后,牛初乳组血清球蛋白水平显著高于运动对照组(P<0.01),血清白蛋白及A/G比值却明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。强化耐力训练期后,牛初乳组与运动对照组中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、IgA和IgG均无显著性差异。结论:强化耐力训练期补充牛初乳能有效防止强化耐力训练期后CD4+/CD8+比值的下降、淋巴细胞数量的减少及血清球蛋白含量的降低。提示牛初乳具有良好的维持机体免疫功能自稳态的作用,有助于防止长时间大强度耐力训练后运动员机体免疫功能的下降。     

延迟复苏对40%血容量失血犬外周血淋巴细胞功能影响的初步研究

目的观察延迟复苏对犬40%血容量失血后淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响。方法雄性Beagle犬8只,按全身血容量的40%半小时放血完毕。伤后24 h开始液体复苏,伤后第二个24 h按失血量的3倍给予乳酸林格液,48h后给予生理需要量。记录动物72 h死亡率,采集伤前及伤后1、4、24、48、72 h的外周静脉血,检测T淋巴细胞凋亡率、增殖能力、CD3+/CD4+和CD3+/CD8+T淋巴细胞的百分率,并计算其比值。结果与伤前比较,失血性休克后1、4、24、48、72 h各点T淋巴细胞凋亡率均较伤前显著降低(均P<0.05);伤后24 h和72 h淋巴细胞增殖能力较伤前降低,但24 h和72 h之间无显著差异。伤后CD4+T细胞比例无显著变化,CD8+T细胞比例较伤前显著增加。CD4+/CD8+T淋巴细胞比例于伤后1 h开始下降,伤后4、24、48、72 h均比伤前显著降低(P<0.05);但复苏前后无显著差别。结论犬40%血容量失血导致淋巴细胞免疫功能持续抑制,延迟复苏并不能有效改善免疫功能。     

藤黄霖对微波诱发大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞损伤的影响

目的观察藤黄霖对微波诱发的大鼠脾脏T、B淋巴细胞亚群损伤的影响,并探讨其对微波辐射致大鼠免疫功能损伤的防护作用及相关机制。方法清洁级雄性SD大鼠80只,随机分为正常对照组(CON组)、辐照组(RAD组)、安多霖组(ADL组)和藤黄霖组(THL组),每组20只。照射前灌胃给药,1次/d,连续给药7d。随后RAD组、ADL组和THL组大鼠经功率密度为30m W/cm2的微波全身辐照15min,CON组行假照射。辐照后7、14d检测大鼠脾脏CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T细胞亚群和CD45RA+B细胞亚群的变化。结果微波辐照后7d,RAD组大鼠脾脏系数明显低于CON组及THL组(P<0.05),脾脏CD4+T细胞比例明显低于CON组(P<0.05),CD8+T细胞比例明显高于CON组(P<0.05),而THL组脾脏CD3+T细胞、CD4+T细胞比例均明显高于RAD组和ADL组(P<0.05)。辐照后14d,RAD组脾脏CD8+T细胞和THL组脾脏CD3+T、CD4+T细胞比例明显高于CON组(P<0.05)。辐照后7d,R AD组脾脏CD4+/CD8+比值低于CON组(P<0.05),辐照后14d恢复到CON组水平;辐照后7d,THL组脾脏CD4+/CD8+比值明显高于RAD组(P<0.05),辐照后14d,THL组脾脏CD4+/CD8+比值明显低于ADL组,而与CON组及RAD组比较未见明显差异。辐照后7d,RAD组脾脏CD45RA+B细胞比例明显低于CON组及ADL组(P<0.05),而辐照后14d各组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论微波辐照早期大鼠脾脏T、B淋巴细胞显著减少,由于CD4+T淋巴细胞比例迅速降低,导致CD4+/CD8+比值下降而引发机体免疫失衡。中药复方藤黄霖能够提高微波辐照大鼠脾脏T、B淋巴细胞比例并改善CD4+/CD8+比值失衡状态。     

G-CSF对健康人骨髓和外周血CD34+细胞和T细胞亚群影响的动态观察

目的 :探讨G -CSF对健康人骨髓及外周血CD3 4 + 细胞和T细胞亚群的影响。方法 :对 12例健康人 ,以G -CSF15 0 μg/ 12h ,皮下注射 ,连用 6d。应用流式细胞仪测定CD3 4 + 和T细胞亚群。结果 :应用G -CSF4 8h后 ,骨髓CD3 4 + 细胞开始明显增加 ,72h后外周血CD3 4 + 细胞开始明显增加 ,96h后两者达峰值 ,均较应用前差异显著 (P <0 .0 1)。T淋巴细胞亚群变化不明显 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :健康人应用G -CSF后骨髓及外周血CD3 4 + 细胞逐渐增加并于 96h后达到高峰 ,T细胞亚群则无明显变化。     

Voluntary training in mice and submandibular lymphocyte response to acute exercise

INTRODUCTION: Submandibular lymph nodes (SLN) are important for immune responses to antigens in the eye and oral mucosa. Athletes and exercise participants may be at increased risk of ocular, oral, and upper respiratory tract infections. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the effects of voluntary training on the distribution, number, and apoptotic status of SLN lymphocytes in response to an acute bout of strenuous exercise. METHODS: Female C57BL/6 mice were assigned to voluntary wheel-running (WR) exercise (N=20) or were sedentary (N=10) for 16 wk. SLN lymphocytes were examined immediately (EX+Imm) or 24 h (EX+24 h) following strenuous treadmill exercise, or exposure to treadmill conditions without running (NonEX). Intracellular glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell viability (propidium iodide uptake, PI), surface phosphatidylserine (Annexin V), T-lymphocyte (CD3, CD4, CD8), and B-lymphocyte (CD19) phenotype distribution and number were assessed. RESULTS: The WR mice had a higher number and percent CD8 SLN lymphocytes, higher MMP, and lower Annexin V/PI SLN lymphocytes than controls. Regardless of training status, an acute bout of strenuous exercise decreased the total and phenotype specific (CD3, CD4, CD8) number of cells, MMP, and GSH levels immediately after exercise. CONCLUSION: WR in mice improved some aspects of cell viability in SLN lymphocytes compared with controls, but did not prevent the transient cell loss after acute treadmill exercise. Given the depletion in intracellular GSH levels, oxidative stress may account for the decline in SLN lymphocyte numbers following acute exercise. Loss of SLN lymphocytes may have consequences for ocular, oral, and upper respiratory tract health in some exercise participants and athletes during periods of overtraining.     

Short-term changes in the immune system of elite swimmers under competition conditions: Different immunomodulation induced by various types of sport

This study was designed to investigate changes in the immune system of elite swimmers compared with well-conditioned age- and sex-matched controls in relation to a competition swim (field study). Furthermore, the aim was to reveal possible differences in immune system changes depending on the type of sport performed by comparing with an earlier study of similar design, from the same laboratory that tested elite runners in relation to a competition run. The swimmers were tested before, immediately after and 2 h and 24 h after a competition swim. Lymphocyte subsets (CD5, CD3, HLA-DR, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD3/CD16+56, CD57, CD18, CD16/CD122) all increased after the run, decreased to normal or subnormal levels after 2h, and returned to normal after 24 h (absolute numbers). The findings were identical for the swimmers and the age- and sex-matched control group. No change in polymorphonuclear granulocyte migration was found. The lymphocyte proliferative responses decreased 2 h after the exercise. No changes were seen in plasma cytokine levels (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in relation to exercise, but significantly lower baseline values for IL-6 were observed in the swimmers. An increase in total natural killer cell activity immediately after exercise, followed after 2 h by a decrease, was seen in both swimmers and controls. Finally, no complement activation was detected. Compared with an earlier study of elite runners, differences were seen in granulocyte chemotactic response, TNF-α plasma activity and the lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogen. These differences might be explained by the degree of immune system activation following muscle damage during exercise, inducing an increase in cytokines, which are known to activate and modulate both lymphocytes and granulocyte function. Our findings demonstrate identical exercise-induced, immune system changes in elite swimmers and well conditioned controls, and furthermore, the findings suggest that different types of sport performed at maximum intensity induce different immune system changes.     

Exercise-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes depends on training status

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of training status on lymphocyte apoptosis as well as the expression of cell death receptors and ligands after a marathon run, and to compare these data with the alterations after treadmill exercise tests. METHODS: Sixteen volunteers successfully finished the 2002 Münster marathon. Venous blood samples were drawn before and 0, 3, and 24 h after the race. After cell isolation, cell-based apoptosis markers annexin V, Fas receptor, and Fas ligand were measured by flow cytometry. The same parameters were investigated in a group of 10 subjects before, and 0 and 1 h after both an exhaustive (ExT) and a low-intensity (LoT) treadmill test. RESULTS: The percentage of apoptotic cells after the marathon changed in a biphasic manner. An early increase 3 h after the run was followed by a significant decrease 1 d later. Interestingly, the increase in apoptotic cells was not observed in highly trained athletes, whereas it was significantly more pronounced in badly trained athletes. ExT induced a lymphocyte apoptosis similar to the marathon, whereas no change in apoptosis was observed after the LoT. Both Fas receptor and ligand were increased after the marathon with different kinetics. Whereas the Fas receptor peaked at 1 h, Fas ligand was increased 3 h after the run. After the treadmill tests Fas receptor expression was enhanced in both groups, whereas Fas ligand increased only after the ExT. CONCLUSIONS: Endurance exercise like a marathon is able to induce apoptosis in lymphocytes. Thereby, apoptosis sensitivity seems to be related to training status in an inverse relationship. The increased expression levels of death receptors and ligands might indicate the high apoptosis inducing potential of this type of exercise.     

Effects of RRR-alpha-tocopherol on leukocyte expression of HSP72 in response to exhaustive treadmill exercise

Previous research revealed an increased expression of HSP72 in leukocytes after vigorous endurance exercise. We questioned whether more intensive but shorter exercise also induces leukocyte HSP72 synthesis. To delineate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in exercise-related HSP72 induction, we additionally examined the effect of RRR-alpha-tocopherol (alpha-toc) on HSP72 expression using a double-blind placebo (P) controlled cross-over design. After supplementation with alpha-toc (500 I.U. daily) or P for 8 days, 9 male subjects performed a combined exhaustive treadmill protocol (total duration 29.4 +/- 2.0 min). HSP72 was assessed on mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein levels (flow cytometry). HSP72 mRNA rose 3 h after exercise only in the P group, but individual differences (alpha-toc - P) did not reveal significant treatment effects. A moderate but significant rise of HSP72 protein occurred in granulocytes up to 48 h after exercise. Three hours post-exercise, granulocyte HSP72 protein was lower when subjects received alpha-toc, but this effect vanished 24 and 48 h post-exercise. Exhaustive treadmill exercise augments HSP72 mRNA in leukocytes and induced a moderate but prolonged response of granulocyte HSP72 protein. These exercise effects are lower when compared to earlier findings obtained after vigorous endurance exercise. ROS seem to be involved, but do not play the major role in the induction of granulocyte HSP72 synthesis after exhaustive exercise.     

Effect of acute physical exercise on lymphocyte subpopulations in trained and untrained subjects

To clarify the difference in immunity between untrained subjects and well-trained athletes, the number of total leukocytes (WBC), lymphocytes, and neutrophils, percentages of various lymphocyte subpopulations (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, Leu7, OKla1), and the levels of lymphocyte transformation response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were determined in five untrained male subjects and six male athletes before, immediately after, and 24 and 72 h after acute physical exercise at 60% of VO2max for 2 h. Exercise produced a significant rise in the number of WBC, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in both groups. Immediately after exercise, the percentage of OKT3 or OKT4 positive cells had significantly decreased in both groups, whereas that of OKT8 positive cells had markedly increased only in the athletes. Neither group showed any change in the percentage of OKla1 positive cells. In both groups, the response of lymphocytes to PHA immediately after exercise was significantly lower than before, 24 h and 72 h after exercise. The level of Leu7 positive cells rose remarkably immediately after exercise in the athletes, but not significantly in the untrained subjects. These results suggest that an increase in Leu7 positive cells provides added host defense capacity in trained athletes during periods of stress which impair T-lymphocyte function.     

Modulation of immune responses by treadmill exercise in Sprague-Dawley rats

AIM: The duration-dependence of the effect of forced treadmill exercise on the immune system is a subject of ongoing research. In this study, the effect of forced treadmill exercise on immune responses was investigated by evaluating the lymphocyte subset fractions in the peripheral blood and spleen of Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Experimental design: Comparative investigation over 8 weeks. Setting: Experimental animal laboratory. Participants: Male Sprague-Dawley rats 5 weeks of age, weighing 150+/-10 g. Interventions: Animals were randomly assigned to one of the 4 following groups: the control group, the 1-week-exercise group, the 4-week-exercise group, and the 8-week-exercise group. Measures: Lymphocyte subset fractions, including those for T, B, CD4+, and CD8+ cells and the T/B and CD4+/CD8+ ratios in the peripheral blood and spleen were measured via flow cytometric analysis after treadmill exercise. RESULTS: The T cell and CD4+ cell fractions in both the peripheral blood and spleen were increased significantly after 8 weeks of treadmill exercise, but the B cell and CD8+ cell fractions did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: From the results of the present study, it is suggested that a period of one week is insufficient to eliminate the effects of exercise-induced stress, that 4 weeks are needed to return to the control state, and that at least 8 weeks are needed in order for exercise of moderate intensity to have a positive effect on the immune system.     

高住高练低训对优秀女子跆拳道运动员红细胞膜及有氧能力的影响

目的:探讨高住高练低训(HiHiLo)对运动员红细胞膜和有氧能力的影响。方法:13名女子跆拳道运动员分为实验组(8名)和对照组(5名),进行4周实验。实验组每晚在低氧房(氧浓度14.7%,模拟海拔2800m高原环境)居住10小时,每周在低氧房进行3次72%最大摄氧量蹬功率自行车练习,每次30分钟;对照组平原居住,每周在平原环境进行3次80%最大摄氧量蹬功率自行车练习,每次30分钟。两组平时的专项训练由同一教练、按同一训练计划、于同一道馆进行。分别于实验前、入住10小时、实验1周、2周、3周、4周测试两组受试者血液红细胞变形指数、红细胞膜流动性、膜band-3蛋白含量以及个体无氧阈(ILT)。结果:实验组在实验3周时band-3蛋白含量显著高于实验前(P<0.05);4周时,实验组band-3蛋白含量显著高于实验前(P<0.01)和对照组(P<0.05);实验组4周时的ILT显著高于实验前(P<0.05)和对照组(P<0.01)。结论:HiHiLo可提高红细胞膜band-3蛋白含量,有利于红细胞发挥正常生理功能;HiHiLo可提高机体有氧运动能力。     

运动性心肌肥大大鼠背根神经节降钙素基因相关肽基因表达的变化

目的:探讨运动性心肌肥大大鼠背根神经节降钙素基因相关肽基因表达的变化。方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(n=33)和耐力训练组(n=33)。耐力训练组进行10周的跑台耐力训练,建立运动性心肌肥大模型。建模后48h,从两组随机抽取17只大鼠,连续3天进行力竭运动,最后一次力竭运动后即刻处死全部实验动物。记录力竭运动距离和大鼠体重,取大鼠心脏和腰段背根神经节,记录心脏湿重,采用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应技术测定大鼠背根神经节降钙素基因相关肽mRNA的表达量。结果:10周后,耐力训练组大鼠心脏重量与体重之比和力竭运动距离显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,力竭运动前耐力训练组背根神经节CGRPmRNA表达显著下降(P<0.01),力竭运动后耐力训练组背根神经节CGRPmRNA表达与力竭运动前相比无明显变化,而对照组较力竭运动前显著下降(P<0.01)。结论:运动性心肌肥大大鼠背根神经节CGRP基因表达下调,力竭运动后表达保持稳定。