高三学生考试焦虑与家庭亲密度和适应性的研究

目的探讨高三学生考试焦虑状况及与家庭亲密度和适应性之间的关系。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取合肥市3所高级中学中参加2013年高考的应届高三学生334人,应用状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、家庭亲密度和适应性量表中文版(FACESⅡ-CV)进行调查。结果是否是独生子女以及不同性别之间在焦虑状态、焦虑特质、亲密度及适应性评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);亲密度和躯体化、强迫、焦虑状态和焦虑特质呈负相关(r=-0.314~-0.143,P0.01);适应性和焦虑状态、焦虑特质呈负相关(r=-0.265~-0.214,P0.01)。结论良好的家庭亲密度和适应性有利于减轻高三学生的考试焦虑。     

青少年精神分裂症家庭功能及有关情况

目的:探讨青少年精神分裂症患者的家庭功能以及亲密度和适应性特点.方法:采用家庭功能量表(FAD)以及家庭亲密度和适应性量表(FACES Ⅱ-CV)对52例青少年精神分裂症患者(患者组)和60名健康志愿者(对照组)进行调查,并比较结果.结果:患者组在沟通、情感反应、情感介入、行为控制以及总的功能等方面的评分显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);患者组的家庭亲密度和家庭适应性各因子评分明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:青少年精神分裂症患者家庭支持系统不良,应针对其家庭特点开展家庭干预.     

孕期家庭亲密度适应性对产妇产后抑郁的影响

目的分析孕期家庭亲密度适应性对产妇产后抑郁的影响。方法选取2013-03-2014-03我院收治的晚期妊娠孕妇160例为研究对象,分别于产前和产后6周采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表和家庭亲密度适应性量表对其进行调查。结果观察组和对照组实际适应性和适应性不满意程度评分相比,差异具有统计学意义(t=-3.509,2.657;P均0.05)。观察组和对照组实际亲密度和亲密度不满意程度评分相比,差异具有统计学意义(t=-2.472,3.005;均P0.05)。实际适应性、适应性不满意程度、实际亲密度和亲密度不满意程度是产后抑郁的影响因素。结果孕期家庭亲密度适应性差会导致产妇产后抑郁,护理人员要重视对家庭亲密度重要性的宣传,降低产妇产后抑郁发生率。     

康复期精神分裂症患者社会功能与家庭亲密度和适应性的相关研究

目的探讨康复期精神分裂症患者的社会功能与家庭亲密度和适应性的相关性。方法选取在自贡市精神卫生中心住院治疗后出院的康复期精神分裂症患者100例为研究对象。采用家庭亲密度与适应性量表中文版(FACESⅡ-CV)和Morningside康复状态量表(MRSS)对患者进行评定。结果理想亲密度评分与社交量表评分呈负相关(r=-0.525,P0.05);实际适应性及实际亲密度评分分别与活动能力缺乏量表、依赖量表、社交量表评分及MRSS总评分呈负相关(r=-0.198,-0.078,-0.372,-0.225,P0.01;r=-0.092,-0.043,-0.204,-0.105,P0.01);不满意亲密度评分与依赖量表、活动能力缺乏量表评分及MRSS总评分呈正相关(r=-0.531,-0.401,-0.395,P0.05或0.01);不满意适应性评分与依赖量表评分呈正相关(r=0.402,P0.01)。结论临床中应加强对康复期精神分裂症患者的家庭干预,有意识地引导其家庭亲密度和适应性提高,以改善患者的社会功能。     

儿童少年行为问题中的遗传-家庭亲密度交互作用研究

目的研究儿童少年行为问题的影响因素中，遗传因素与家庭亲密度之间是否存在交互作用。方法分别采用Achenbach儿童行为量表和家庭环境量表中文版亲密度分量表对多级随机抽样的64对双生子进行评定，并分析遗传因素与家庭亲密度之间的关系。结果双生子的家庭亲密度为（6．66±1．91），低于中国常模（P〈0．001）。不同卵性双生子家庭亲密度的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；在低亲密度及高亲密度家庭环境中，儿童少年的行为问题遗传度分别为0．88和0．75，前者的遗传度高于后者。结论双生子家庭亲密度低于非双生子家庭；儿童少年行为问题的遗传因素与家庭亲密度之间可能存在交互作用。     

注意缺陷多动障碍不同亚型男性患儿家庭亲密度及适应性与养育方式调查

目的 了解不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿的家庭亲密度及适应性与养育方式特点.方法 对湖南省9495名儿童及其家长采用二阶段流行病学调查方法进行问卷调查,对其中部分符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版ADHD诊断标准的患儿采用家庭亲密度及适应性量表(注意缺陷型40例,多动冲动型52例,混合型39例;对照组58例)和父母教养方式评价量表(注意缺陷型48例,多动冲动型42例,混合型56例;对照组6例)进行调查.结果 (1)ADHD 3个亚型的现实亲密度、亲密满意度、适应满意度评分与对照组的差异均无统计学意义(F检验,P均＞0.05);理想亲密度、现实适应性和理想适应性各分项与对照组的差异均有统计学意义[事后(Post Hoc)检验,P均＜0.05],尤以多动冲动型更为明显.(2)ADHD 3个亚型父亲情感温暖评分与对照组的差异均有统计学意义(Post Hoc检验,P均＜0.05);注意缺陷型父亲惩罚评分与对照组的差异有统计学意义(Post Hoc检验,P=0.011);ADHD 3个亚型母亲惩罚评分与对照组的差异均有统计学意义(Post Hoc检验,P均＜0.05);注意缺陷型和混合型母亲情感温暖评分与对照组的差异有统计学意义(Post Hoc检验,P均＜0.05).结论 ADHD男性患儿不同亚型在家庭亲密度及适应性和养育方式特点不尽一致,应针对性地进行家庭干预.     

留守儿童的自杀意念及相关因素调查

目的:探讨留守儿童的自杀意念及相关影响因素。方法:应用自杀意念自评量表、友谊质量量表、家庭亲密度与适应性量表对南京的4所中小学4～6年级及初1～初3的1 087名中小学生进行测查,比较留守儿童与非留守儿童自杀意念出现率,分析留守儿童在自杀意念、家庭亲密度与适应性、友谊质量间关系及留守儿童自杀意念的影响因素。结果:回收有效问卷954份。自杀意念出现率留守儿童(10.3%)与非留守儿童(10.7%)相比差异无统计学意义。留守儿童中,自杀意念组(54名)与无自杀意念组(468名)间,年级(即年龄)、离异家庭及父母在外工作时间项目相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);留守儿童的自杀意念与友谊质量总分及家庭亲密度和适应性各维度呈负相关(P0.05或P0.01);Logistic回归分析显示,家庭亲密度不满意度及友谊质量评对自杀意念有显著的预测作用(P均0.001)。结论:留守儿童自杀意念的出现率与非留守儿童相似;家庭亲密度与适应性及与同伴的友谊质量是其自杀意念及其强度的重要影响因素。     

精神分裂症患者家庭环境、父母教养方式以及亲密度和适应性的调查分析

目的　探索精神分裂症患者的家庭环境、父母教养方式以及亲密度和适应性的特点。方法　采用家庭环境量表 (中文版 ) ) (FES -CV)、父母教养方式评价量表 (EMBU)及家庭亲密度和适应性量表 (中文版 ) (FACESII-CV)对 110例精神分裂症患者 (研究组 )进行评定 ,并与 110例正常受试者 (对照组 )加以比较。结果　①同正常对照组相比 ,患者家庭表现为低亲密度、低情感表达、低成功性、低组织性以及高矛盾性和控制性差 (P <0 0 5或P<0 0 1)。②在教养方式上 ,患者父亲表现为低情感温暖、高惩罚严厉、过分干涉和拒绝否认 (P <0 0 1) ;而母亲表现为低情感温暖、高拒绝否认、惩罚严厉和偏爱被试 (P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1)。③在亲密度和适应性方面 ,患者家庭的实际亲密度、实际适应性、理想亲密度和理想适应性均较对照组为差 (P <0 0 1)。结论　患者的家庭环境、父母教养方式以及亲密度和适应性方面均存在着诸多方面的问题 ,可能对精神分裂症的发病起重要作用。     

男性违法青少年的家庭亲密度和适应性研究

目的 调查违法青少年尤其是暴力违法青少年家庭亲密度和适应性的特点及暴力犯罪和家庭亲密度和适应性的相关性.方法 在未成年人劳动教养所中随机选取男性暴力违法青少年131例和非暴力违法青少年98例,以181例普通高中男生为对照,进行MOAS、家庭亲密度和适应性量表评定.结果 违法青少年实际家庭亲密度显著低于正常对照组,且对亲密度的不满意程度显著高于对照组.与暴力组相比,非暴力违法组对家庭适应性的不满意程度更高.MOAS与家庭适应性呈负相关.结论 违法青少年尤其暴力违法青少年家庭亲密度和适应性不足,家庭的情感联系薄弱,需要进行适当干预.     

初中生违纪行为的相关因素研究

目的：探讨初中生违纪行为的相关因素。方法：随机抽取本市两所普通中学 1585名在校初中生,应用Achenbach儿童行为量表,自编相应因素问卷,父母养育方式评价量表,家庭亲密度及适应性量表进行调查,资料采用单因素及多元逐步回归分析,结果：初中生违纪行为检出率2．96％,单因素及多元逐步回归分析揭示母孕期不利因素,父母养育方式不当,亲子关系不良,父母关系,家庭附近风气,家庭环境等均对初中生违纪行为有显著影响。结论：初中生违纪行为的发生系多因素综合作用所致。     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Micro-affirmations and Recovery for Persons with Mental Health and Alcohol and Drug Problems: User and Professional Experience-Based Practice and Knowledge

Recurrent factors contributing to a recovery process from co-occurring mental health and addiction problems mentioned by users and professionals have been analyzed as part of working alliances and helpful relationships. Still, we lack knowledge about how helpful relationships are developed in daily practice. In this article, we focus on the concrete construction of professional helpful relationships. Forty persons in recovery and fifteen professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed according to thematic analysis, resulting in three themes presented as paradoxes (1) My own decision, but with the help of others; (2) The need for structures and going beyond them; and (3) Small trivial things of great importance. Micro-affirmations have a central role in creating helpful relationships by confirming the individuals involved as more than solely users or professionals. More attention and appreciation should be paid to practices involving micro-affirmations.

     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.