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1.
目的 评价海南省黎族集居地1992-2001年期间汉族、黎族初治涂阳肺结核病人直接督导化疗的转归。方法 对1992-2001年登记的初治涂阳肺结核病人的发现、登记、治疗管理及转归等进行评价。结果 黎族集居地共发现初治涂阳病人5037例,其中汉族1604例,黎族3433例,汉族初治涂阳病人治愈率97.1%,黎族初治涂阳病人治愈率95.9%,平均治愈率96.3%。结论 政府重视、经费到位和建立健全的三级防痨网,扎扎实实地推行DOTS,是海南省黎族自治县(市)的肺结核病疫情明显改善的基础。 相似文献
2.
目的分析涂阳肺结核病人的化疗效果。方法采用两阶段全程间歇的短程化疗方案,对初复治涂阳病人实施全程督导管理,完成疗程后判定疗效。结果1992~2001涂阳肺结核病人登记率由1.5/10万上升到31.58/10万;初治涂阳病人治愈率由11.11%上升到97.25%,复治涂阳病人治愈率由36.84%上升到93.20%。结论合理的化疗方案,全面落实全程督导管理,保证病人规则用药,是提高治愈率的关键。 相似文献
3.
目的 分析广东省佛山市结核病控制项目10年的效果以及取得成效的原因。方法 收集、分析1992-2001年佛山市实施世界银行贷款结核病控制项目资料。结果 1992-2001年共接诊可疑肺结核症状者40470例,发现活动性肺结核病人8652例。其中涂阳肺结核病人5005例,新发涂阳4320例,复治涂阳病人685例;新发涂阳登记率由1993年的7.47/10万上升至2001年的30.30/10万;初治涂阳治愈率由1993年的73.5%上升至2001年的99.4%;复治涂阳治愈率由1993年的60.8%上升至2001年的91.4%。结论 10年来,佛山市的结核病控制项目实行免费检查治疗、归口管理和执行DOTS策略,实现了“高发现率”和“高治愈率”的目标,结核病控制水平整体提高,为实施新项目提供宝贵的经验,促进佛山市结核病控制工作的可持续发展。 相似文献
4.
海南省黎族集居地初治涂阳肺结核病人队列分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 评价海南省黎族集居地1992—2001年期间汉族、黎族初治涂阳肺结核病人直接督导化疗的转归。方法 对1992—2001年登记的初治涂阳肺结核病人的发现、登记、治疗管理及转归等进行评价。结果 黎族集居地共发现初治涂阳病人5037例,其中汉族1604例,黎族3433例,汉族初治涂阳病人治愈率97.1%,黎族初治涂阳病人治愈率95.9%,平均治愈率96.3%。结论 政府重视、经费到位和建立健全的三级防痨网,扎扎实实地推行DOTS,是海南省黎族自治县(市)的肺结核病疫情明显改善的基础。 相似文献
5.
2001-2004年江苏省肺结核病发现状况与转归分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的分析江苏省肺结核病发现与治疗转归情况,为结核病防治提供技术政策依据.方法根据江苏省2001-2004年结核病登记报表进行病例的发现及治疗转归队列分析.结果 4年全省共新登记涂阳肺结核病人57 253例.涂阳病例占活动性肺结核病人的比例从2001年的25.1%提高到2004年的55.0%.涂阳新登记率从2001年9.75/10万上升到2004年的34.09/10万.平均治愈率为89.9%.结论 2001-2004年江苏省肺结核病人的发现与治疗管理水平不断提高,取得了显著成效,是应用现代结核病控制策略的结果. 相似文献
6.
目的分析江苏省肺结核病发现与治疗转归情况,为结核病防治提供技术政策依据。方法根据江苏省2001—2004年结核病登记报表进行病例的发现及治疗转归队列分析。结果4年全省共新登记涂阳肺结核病人57 253例。涂阳病例占活动性肺结核病人的比例从2001年的25.1%提高到2004年的55.0%。涂阳新登记率从2001年9.75/10万上升到2004年的34.09/10万。平均治愈率为89.9%。结论2001—2004年江苏省肺结核病人的发现与治疗管理水平不断提高,取得了显著成效,是应用现代结核病控制策略的结果。 相似文献
7.
目的通过分析近7年新疆博乐市辖区涂阳肺结核病人的发现、治疗管理情况,探讨项目实施以来肺结核病人分布及治疗转归情况。方法收集新疆博乐市疾病预防控制中心结核病防治门诊登记就诊的痰检阳性肺结核病人资料,并进行整理分析。结果 7年期间全市共登记活动性肺结核病人1193例,新发活动性肺结核的登记率由2003年的68.7/10万上升到2009年的96.2/10万;新发涂阳肺结核的登记率由2003年的34.7/10万上升到2009年的43.3/10万;新发涂阳病人的治愈率由2003年的78.8%上升到2009年的82.4%;626例涂阳肺结核病例中15~35岁患者占62%,男性高于女性,维吾尔族高于其他民族,农牧区高于市区。结论 7年间博乐市肺结核病人的发现与治疗管理水平不断提高,加强宣传工作、提高综合医疗机构肺结核转诊率、对传染源进行有效控制和管理,仍是目前结核病控制工作的重点。 相似文献
8.
9.
目的 评价烟台市实施世行贷款结控项目效果。方法 根据项目手册和 1992— 2 0 0 1年烟台市项目季报表及年报表和有关调查资料。结果 1992— 2 0 0 1年涂阳肺结核病人登记率由 3.5 4/ 10万上升到 17.94 / 10万 ;初治涂阳病人治愈率由 86 .4 %上升到 96 .9% ,复治涂阳病人治愈率由 71.7%上升到 94 .9%。结论 烟台市实施结控项目 10年取得显著成就 ,获得了可行经验 ,促进了本市结核病防治工作的可持续发展。 相似文献
10.
广东省肺结核病人发现现状及其评价 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
目的 评价广东省肺结核病人的发现工作。方法 对1992—2001年季报表资料和广东省2000年结核病流调病人发现结果进行回顾性分析。结果 10年间,可疑者就诊率由6.6/万上升到17.2/万,涂阳肺结核新登记率由7.9/10万上升到34.8/10万,两者之间呈直线相关关系(r=0.939,P<0.01)。涂阳肺结核中,新发涂阳所占比例由1992年的47.1%,上升到2001年的88.5%。结论10年间广东省肺结核病人发现水平不断提高,而低就诊率是病人发现水平进一步提高的制约因素。 相似文献
11.
目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤,因其临床表现多样,导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用,拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点,以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率,尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。
方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料,检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例,通过查阅病例的方法,提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据,进一步分析其特点。
结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例,其中,男45例、女71例,年龄13~76岁,平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布:头颈部46例(39.7%),单发45例、多发1例;体尾部68例(58.6%),单发65例、多发3例;全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点:最大径0.4~3.4 cm,平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例,≤3 cm 15例,>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关,≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm,P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤,头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm,体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm,P<0.05。
结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发;绝大多数单发,但可以全胰腺多发;多数小于1.5 cm,肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。 相似文献
12.
Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa. 相似文献
13.
Sergio Muntoni Paola Tagliamonte Federico Sirigu Giovanni Umberto Corsini 《Acta diabetologica》1973,10(6):1300-1307
Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting
oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory
effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts
for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides.
There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from
being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation.
Traduzione a cura degli AA. 相似文献
14.
P. Brar G.Y. Kwon I.I. Egbuna S. Holleran R. Ramakrishnan G. Bhagat P.H.R. Green 《Digestive and liver disease》2007,39(1):26-29
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease. 相似文献
15.
血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。 相似文献
16.
目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。 相似文献
17.
氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性,为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg,经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3,该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物;兔眼用药后,观察期内无不良反应,对眼无刺激性;皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比,氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物,对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂,适合于现场应用。 相似文献
18.
The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile
chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared
to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL.
The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with
pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other
types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients
had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA
was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm
these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low.
Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002 相似文献
19.
Marc B. Taub Thomas A. Peyser J. Erik Rosenquist 《Journal of diabetes science and technology》2007,1(5):685-694
Background
A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl−1•min−1 (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl−1•min−1 (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.Method
Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.Results
The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.Conclusions
The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions. 相似文献20.
治疗高血压药物的经济学评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。 相似文献