白血病细胞分泌肿瘤坏死因子α及受诱导分化剂影响

作者观察２８例急性白血病患者原代白血病细胞和ＨＬ－６０细胞自发分泌及在脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）诱导下分泌肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦα）情况，并用咐醇酯（ＴＰＡ）等５种诱导分化剂诱导原代白血病细胞和ＨＬ－６０细胞，探讨白血病细胞诱导分化与ＴＮＦα分泌之间关系。结果：６例急性单核细胞白血病患者的白血病细胞在ＬＰＳ诱生下可以分泌ＴＮＦα，其中３例在无ＬＰＳ时还可自发分泌ＴＮＦα。用ＴＰＡ等诱导分化后部分原代白血病细     

肿瘤坏死因子对急性白血病LAK细胞抗肿瘤活性的增强作用

采用基因重组肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）与白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）联合诱导急性白血病患者外周血单个核细胞，结果表明：ＴＮＦ（５００Ｕ／ｍｌ）单独不能诱导出ＬＡＫ细胞活性，也不能进一步提高最适剂量ＩＬ－２（１０００Ｕ／ｍｌ）诱导的ＬＡＫ细胞活性，但能显著增强亚适剂量ＩＬ－２（１０～１００Ｕ／ｍｌ）诱导的ＬＡＫ细胞活性。抗ＴＮＦ单抗和抗ＩＬ－２受体β链（Ｐ＿（７５））单抗能显著抑制ＴＮＦ／ＩＬ－２对ＬＡＫ细胞活性的协同诱导作用。ＴＮＦ与ＬＡＫ细胞联合可显著增强对白血病细胞的杀伤活性。     

P38MAPK在旨多糖诱导人单核细胞产生肿瘤坏死因子中 …

目的：探讨Ｐ３８信号通道（Ｐ３８ＭＡＰＫ）在脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）诱导人单核细胞表达肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ－α）中的作用。方法：采用免疫沉淀法、免疫复合物蛋白激酶测定法、Ｗｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ检测Ｐ３８ＭＡＰＫ在ＬＰＳ诱导的人单核细胞产生ＴＮＦ－α中的激活程度,应用逆转录－聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）和酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）观察Ｐ３８信号通道抑制剂ＳＢ２０３５８０地单核细胞ＴＮＦ－αｍＲＮ     

ANLL和MDS患者外周血细胞分泌TNFα的研究

ＡＮＬＬ和ＭＤＳ患者外周血细胞分泌ＴＮＦα的研究伍学强刘少君席雨人巢燕语我们采用酶联免疫吸附（ＥＬＩＳＡ）法对骨髓增生异常综合征（ＭＤＳ）和急性非淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＮＬＬ）患者外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＮＣ）产生肿瘤坏死因子－α（ＴＮＦ－α）的能力及地...     

反义TNF-α寡脱氧核苷酸降低多器官功能不全综合征大鼠死亡率

目的 观察反义肿瘤坏死因子－α（ｔｕｍｏｒ ｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓ ｆａｃｔｏｒ－ａｌｐｈａ,ＴＮＦ－α）寡脱氧核苷酸酵母多糖Ａ（ｚｙｍｏｓａｎＡ）诱导的多器官功能不全综合征（ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅ ｏｒｇａｎ ｄｙｓｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ ｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ,ＭＯＤＳ）大鼠的影响。探讨ＭＯＤＳ的发病机制。为采用反义技术降低ＭＯＤＳ死亡率的早期临床试验提供实验依据。方法 采用静脉主射方法,使反义ＴＮＦ－α寡脱氧核苷酸（ＯＤＮ）作用于ｚｙｍｏｓａｎＡ诱导的ＭＯＤＳ大鼠：（１）采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ,ＥＬＩＡ检测大鼠肝ＴＮＦ－α的ｍＲＮＡ和蛋白质的表达水平;（２）观察大鼠在不同时期的死亡率;（３）在ｚｙｍｏｓａｎＡ放导大鼠ＭＯＤＳ２４小时后采集股动脉血进行血气分析。采集外周血进行血清生化检测。并进行统计学分析。结果 反义ＴＮＦ－αＯＤＮ与对     

诱导分化剂对白血病细胞产生肿瘤坏死因子α作用探讨

急性白血病患者原代白血病细胞的ＨＬ－６０细胞在诱导分化前后产生肿瘤坏死因子α的作用被研究。急性淋巴细胞白血病患者原代白血病细胞在诱导分化前后均不能产生ＴＮＦα，而急性非淋巴细胞白血病患者的原代白血病细胞在５种诱导分化剂诱导分化后能产生ＴＮＦα，白血病细胞产生ＴＮＦα与细胞分化密切相关。     

放射配体结合分析测定肝细胞膜肿瘤坏死因子受体

用放射配体结合分析（ＲＢＡ）测定原代培养成人肝细胞膜肿瘤坏死因子受体（ＴＮＦＲ）。反应最适条件为肝细胞８×１０￣６／ｍｌ、ｐＨ７．０～８．０、４℃条件下反应１２０分钟。受体与￣（１２５）Ｉ－肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）结合特异性良好。当￣（１２５）Ｉ－ＴＮＦ≤２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ时，受体解离常数（Ｋｄ）为０．１３ｎｍｏ１／Ｌ数目（Ｒ）为１１６０个结合位点／每个细胞，当￣（１２５）Ｉ－ＴＮＦ＞２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ时，可测得两种不同亲和力的ＴＮＦＲ：Ｋｄ＿１＝０．０７ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｒ＿１＝８９５个结合位点／每个细胞；Ｋｄ＿２＝０．１８ｎｍｏ１／Ｌ，Ｒ＿２＝２０４９个结合位点／每个细胞。该法可用于ＴＮＦ对肝细胞作用机制研究。     

干扰素逆转白血病细胞多药耐药性的研究及机制的初步探讨

以人白血病细胞系Ｋ５６２／Ｓ及多药耐药细胞系Ｋ５６２／Ａ０２为对象，通过ＭＴＴ法测柔红霉素（ＤＮＲ）细胞毒性（ＩＣ５０），用流式细胞仪及荧光法测细胞内ＤＮＲ浓度，逆转录－多聚酶链反应法检测多药耐药基因ｍＲＮＡ，发现小剂量ＩＦＮ－α（５００Ｕ／ｍｌ）可增加ＤＮＲ对Ｋ５６２／Ａ０２细胞的毒性作用。加用ＩＦＮ－α与未加用组相比，ＩＣ５０下降至原来的１／１３．７，而ＩＬ－２（２５０Ｕ／ｍｌ）、ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（０．１５μｇ／ｍｌ）、ＴＮＦ（２５０Ｕ／ｍｌ）作用组与对照组ＩＣ５０无明显改变。并发现ＩＦＮ－α可提高耐药系Ｋ５６２／Ａ０２细胞内ＤＮＲ浓度，在１５０分钟时升高了６．３倍。ｍｄｒ１ｍＲＮＡ在ＩＦＮ－α作用组与对照组无明显改变，认为ＩＦＮ－α不是通过下调ｍｄｒ１ｍＲＮＡ而达逆转作用     

三株体外长期培养的骨髓造血细胞系的建立及其生物学特性研究

用长期骨髓培养（ＬＴＢＭＣ）的方法培养了１２例急性白血病患者和５例正常人骨髓，获得三株能在体外增殖的造血细胞株（ＸＧ＿（２９）、ＸＧ＿（３４）、ＸＧ＿（３９）），它们均为ＣＤ＿（３４）。其中，ＸＧ＿（３９）在ＩＬ－１／ＩＬ－６刺激下增加Ｂ淋巴细胞抗原表达，倍增时间缩短；在Ｇ－ＣＳＦ／ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ刺激下抑制Ｂ淋巴细胞抗原表达，倍增时间延长。另外，ＸＧ＿（２９）经培养核型由异常转为正常，ＸＧ＿（２９）、ＸＧ＿（３９）亦大量分泌肿瘤坏死因子α结果提示：ＬＴＢＭＣ可以使急性白血病骨髓中的白血病细胞染色体核型由异常转变为正常，而且该三株细胞对研究造血细胞的分化发育具有重要价值。     

急性白血病骨髓基质细胞肿瘤坏死因子α分泌活性及其意义

目的：探讨急性白血病（ＡＬ）骨髓基质细胞肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦα）分泌活性。方法：应用体外骨髓基质细胞培养法及ＴＮＦα生物活性检测法，对ＡＬ患者２０例及正常对照者１０名的骨髓基质细胞培养上清中的ＴＮＦα活性水平进行检测，并同步检测了患者血清、骨髓白血病细胞培养上清中的ＴＮＦα活性。结果：ＡＬ骨髓基质细胞形成能力较差，但其ＴＮＦα活性明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；少部分急性髓系白血病（ＡＭＬ）骨髓白血病细胞能自发分泌ＴＮＦα；患者血清中的ＴＮＦα活性显著高于正常对照（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：ＡＬ患者骨髓基质细胞存在量和质的异常，ＴＮＦα的异常分泌可能是导致ＡＬ增殖的一个重要因素     

小鼠睾丸白血病模型

将微量白血病细胞接种于小鼠睾丸内,建立了辜丸白血病模型。睾丸白血病细胞不仅通过血流播散,引起全身性白血病,而且可沿腹膜后或淋巴管直接播散。小鼠睾丸内和皮下接种同样数量的白血病细胞,前者生存时间比后者短;对环磷酰胺(CY)治疗反应,睾丸内直接给药组的疗效不如皮下接种组注射CY的疗效好。提示睾丸内环境可能有利于白血病细胞的生长。     

儿童急性白血病免疫分型及其临床意义

目的 探讨儿童急性白血病（AL）抗原表达规律及其临床意义。方法 采用流式细胞术检测46例儿童AL的免疫表型。结果 46例AL中,急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）30例,急性髓细胞白血病（AML）10例,杂合型6例。30例ALL中,T系ALL 4例（13.3%）,B系ALL 26例（86.7%）。ALL中3例（10%）有髓系抗原表达,以CD33阳性最常见;AML中4例（40%）有淋系抗原表达,以CD7阳性率最高。儿童AML淋系抗原表达阳性率高于儿童ALL髓系抗原表达（χ^2=4.32,P〈0.05）。B系ALL中CD34阳性率为56.5%。AML中CD34的表达频率为40.0%,其中M2的CD34阳性率为66.6%,高于其他AML病儿的CD34阳性率（χ^2=5.42,P〈0.05）。结论 应用免疫分型可以较好地分析每例白血病病儿,尤其是对于混合型白血病及抗原交叉表达者更有意义。     

STUDIES ON LEUKEMIA IN MICE : I. THE EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF LEUKEMIA

Lymphatic leukemia has occurred with great frequency in a particular strain of mice which have been inbred by brother-sister matings since 1921. In addition to typical cases of leukemia are others which, because of the absence of leukemic changes in the blood, correspond to "pseudoleukemia" and others which, by the presence of unusually great enlargement of certain lymph node groups resemble the "leukosarcomatoses" as observed in man. Examinations of the blood of leukemic mice have shown that leukemic blood pictures are not necessarily early in their appearance, nor are they constant. The blood picture may not, therefore, be used as a criterion for the separation of the two diseases (leukemia and pseudoleukemia) but merely indicates different phases of the same condition. Likewise, cases with lesions intermediate between the local growths of "leukosarcomatosis" and the more general lymphatic enlargements of leukemia suggest that these conditions differ only in the distribution of lesions but not in their nature. Lymphatic leukemia occurring spontaneously in this strain may be transmitted to other mice of the same strain, and carried, apparently, for an unlimited number of transfers in animals at an earlier age than that at which leukemia occurs spontaneously. In each of 10 such experiments transmissions were obtained. The lesions produced by inoculation correspond to those of spontaneous cases, in that they consist of growths of abnormal lymphoid cells which infiltrate tissues and organs and often appear in the circulating blood. Only minor differences have occurred, some of which are characteristic of certain experimental lines. After repeated transfers, the disease tends to run a more acute course. Among the cases in which transmissions occurred, are some without leukemic changes in the blood, and many with local growths at the site of inoculation or in certain node groups. The differences in the blood pictures and distribution of lesions (which latter may be influenced to some extent by the method of inoculation) correspond to similar differences which are sometimes observed in the spontaneous cases.     

白血病患者血管内皮生长因子血浆水平的评价

目的探讨急性、慢性白血病患者血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)血浆水平与白血病之间关系。方法应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)定量检测32例急性、慢性白血病患者和20例对照组血浆VEGF含量。结果白血病患者化疗前、后血浆VEGF含量均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论急性、慢性白血病存在肿瘤性血管新生。     

STUDIES ON MOUSE LEUKEMIA : III. A COMPARISON OF FOUR LINES OF LEUKEMIA TRANSMITTED BY INOCULATION

Several lines of lymphatic leukemia in mice, experimentally transmitted by inoculation into hosts of a closely inbred strain, have been established and carried on simultaneously. Among the inoculated mice there were found different types of response, according to the line of leukemia inoculated. The differences consisted mainly in the extent or distribution of lesions. Although the same line did not always show the same distribution of lesions, there was a distinct tendency for the cases in a line to present the same characteristics on successive transfers over a considerable period. A comparison of the frequency of the occurrence of certain lesions in four lines of transmission shows that: 1. Increases in the total leucocyte counts were less common and less marked in Lines A and E than in Lines H and I. In the lines first mentioned, normal counts were relatively frequent. In Line H normal counts were uncommon, and in Line I were not observed. The highest counts were found in Line I. 2. Peritoneal effusion was characteristic of Line A for 43 transfers. It was found in Line E, but for a considerably shorter period and in a smaller proportion of cases; it was rare in Lines H and I. 3. Pleural effusion was frequently found in Lines A and E but rarely in Lines H and I. 4. Infiltration in the liver occurred to a marked degree in all the mice of Lines H and I, but in fewer mice and to a variable degree in Lines A and E. 5. Infiltration in the kidney in Line I was present in 90 per cent of the mice, and was of marked grade. In line H it was present in 67 per cent of the mice (24 per cent of marked grade) but in Lines A and E it was rare. 6. A considerable amount of variability in results occurred in Lines A and E, whereas Lines H and I remained remarkably constant. The lesions characteristic of a line were not necessarily those present in the spontaneous case from which the first transfer of the line was made. As the mice used for inoculation were genetically uniform, the differences between the lines are not due to genetic differences in the hosts, but to differences in the materials inoculated.     

9例Ph染色体阳性成人急性淋巴细胞白血病的临床和实验研究

报道９例Ｐｈ染色体阳性的急性淋巴细胞白血病（Ｐｂ￣－ＡＬＬ）的临床和实验研究结果。Ｐｈ￣－ＡＬＬ占同期研究的３１例成人ＡＬＬ的２９％。其中４例Ｐｈ染色体与正常核型嵌合，３例合并＋１７。病情完全缓解后２例Ｐｈ染色体消失，１例其百分比显著降低。免疫表型检测８例为Ｂ系列ＡＬＬ。以、为主要表型，同时有ＣＤ＿２和ＣＤ＿（３４）的高表达。１例病程中转变为杂合性急性白血病。上述免疫表型特点反映Ｐｈ￣＋ＡＬＬ的恶性细胞起源于早期定向或多能干细胞。该组患者白细胞计数较高，治疗反应差，提示Ｐｈ￣＋ＡＬＬ为一预后不良的特殊亚型，治疗上应有别于ＰｈＡＬＬ。     

急性白血病骨髓细胞外基质的改变

作者应用组织化学、免疫组织化学染色及自动图象分析仪观测５９例急性白血病（ＡＬ）患者１１８次骨髓活检标本骨髓细胞外基质（ＥＣＭ）成分变化及其与造血细胞增殖的关系。其中男性３８例，女性２１例，中位数年龄３４岁。急性非淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＮＬＬ）４１例，急性淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＬＬ）１８例，初诊未治者（ＰＬ）２７例，难治复发者（ＲＬ）３２例，正常对照１０例。结果显示，ＡＬ与正常人骨髓ＥＣＭ成分有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＡＬ网硬蛋白增加，纤维连接蛋白（Ｆｎ）、酸性粘多糖减低，中性粘多糖初诊未治者增高，难治复发者减低。ＡＬＬ和ＡＮＬＬ之间未见显著性差异；ＲＬ中难以缓解与复发再治者比较，后者改变更明显，而同复发次数无显著性差异。ＰＬ中追踪观察，６／８例（７５％）未缓解患者及８／１９例（４２．１％）完全缓解后复发患者骨髓基质Ｆｎ、酸性粘多糖、中性粘多糖有不同程度改变。骨髓基质Ｆｎ与造血细胞增殖在正常对照组显示呈正相关，而在ＡＬ呈负相关，ＰＬ与ＲＬ尚存在显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示ＡＬ骨髓造血微环境ＥＣＭ有明显变化，与发病机制及预后关系密切。     

SPONTANEOUS AND EXPERIMENTAL LEUKEMIA OF THE FOWL

1. The spontaneous occurrence of myeloid leukemia of the fowl is confirmed 2. Myeloid leukemia of the fowl is transmissible by intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of an organic emulsion. The latter is in confirmation of the work of Ellermann and Bang (6, 7), who first successfully transmitted the disease. They were followed by Hirschfeld and Jacoby (13)) whose successful transmissions, however, seem to be limited to a strain which had its origin in a fowl presented to them by Ellermann and Bang. Burckhardt (14, 15) likewise transmitted the disease, but here again the stock animal came from Hirschfeld and Jacoby and therefore indirectly from Ellermann and Bang. The transmission reported above is of special interest, because it originated in an animal absolutely unrelated to that of the previous investigators     

白血病儿童家庭环境分析

目的了解白血病儿童的家庭环境,为开展家庭干预提供理论依据。方法随机选择入住我院的白血病病儿60例、住院非白血病病儿60例以及正常儿童600例,采用家庭环境量表-中文版（FES-CV）,对其家庭环境进行评定和分析。结果白血病儿童家庭亲密度、知识性和娱乐性评分明显低于非白血病病儿以及正常儿童家庭,矛盾性评分明显高于非白血病病儿以及正常儿童家庭,差异均有显著性（F=7.74～8.89,q=2.912～9.891,P〈0.01）。而非白血病儿童与正常儿童家庭相比,家庭亲密度、情感表达、矛盾性、独立性、成功性、知识性、娱乐性、道德宗教观、组织性及控制性10个分量表家庭环境特征差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论白血病儿童家庭环境存在缺陷,为改善病儿预后和提高健康生活质量,应对其家庭环境进行干预。     

染色体R显带分析在急非淋白血病分型与预后估计中的应用

对100例急性非淋巴细胞白血病（急非淋）患者进行了骨髓细胞染色体R显带分析。结果发现：染色体异常检出率为77％、M2、M3，及M5型白血病均有其特征性杂色体异常，且与预后高度相关（P＜0．01）。认为染色体R显带研究在急非淋的诊断、治疗及预后估计中具有重要意义。