细胞因子对树突状细胞抗肝癌作用的影响

目的研究人血树突状细胞（ＤＣ）和细胞因子ＴＮＦ,ＧＭＣＳＦ或ＩＦＮγ联合ＤＣ对淋巴因子和ＰＨＡ激活的杀伤细胞（ＬＰＡＫ细胞）体外杀伤人肝癌细胞株ＢＥＬ７４０２的影响．方法实验分为Ｌ组（ＬＰＡＫ）,Ｄ组（ＬＰＡＫ＋ＤＣ）,Ｔ１组（ＬＰＡＫ＋ＤＣ＋ＴＮＦ５０００ｋＵ／Ｌ）,Ｔ２组（ＬＰＡＫ＋ＤＣ＋ＴＮＦ５００ｋＵ／Ｌ）,Ｇ１组（ＬＰＡＫ＋ＤＣ＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ５００ｋＵ／Ｌ）,Ｇ２组（ＬＰＡＫ＋ＤＣ＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ１００ｋＵ／Ｌ）,Ｉ１组（ＬＰＡＫ＋ＤＣ＋ＩＦＮγ５００ｋＵ／Ｌ）和Ｉ２组（ＬＰＡＫ＋ＤＣ＋ＩＦＮγ１００ｋＵ／Ｌ）．每组效靶细胞比分别采用５∶１和１０∶１两种．培养４８ｈ后用中性红比色法检测细胞毒活性．结果Ｌ,Ｄ,Ｔ２和Ｔ１组的细胞毒活性依次增强,各组间差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００１）．Ｇ１和Ｇ２组均高于Ｄ组（Ｐ＜００１）,但Ｇ１,Ｇ２组间差异无显著性．Ｉ１,Ｉ２组与Ｄ组相比,也无显著性差异．随效靶比增加,各组细胞毒活性均相应增强．结论ＤＣ能增强ＬＰＡＫ细胞对肝癌细胞ＢＥＬ７４０２的细胞毒活性;ＴＮＦ或ＧＭＣＳＦ与ＤＣ联用,两者有协同作用;但与ＩＦＮγ联用,则无进一步增强作用     

链激酶与尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞的临床对比研究

为对比研究链激酶（ＳＫ）与尿激酶（ＵＫ）静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）的疗效与安全性，将７０例发病１２小时内入院的ＡＭＩ患者，随机分为ＳＫ１５０万Ｕ／３０分钟加速静脉溶栓组（４例）及ＵＫ２００万Ｕ／３０分钟静脉溶栓组（３０例）。根据临床血管再通指标判断ＳＫ加速静脉溶栓组血管再通率为７７．５％（３１／４０），其中发病６小时内溶栓者再通率为８９．３％（２５／２８）。而ＵＫ组再通率为５６．７％（１７／３０），其中发病６小时内溶栓者再通率为６５％（１３／２０）。轻度出血、低血压、过敏反应等副作用的发生率，ＳＫ加速溶栓组分别为１２．５％（５／４０），７．５％（３／４０），２．５％（１／４０）；而ＵＫ溶栓组分别为１３．３％（４／３０），３．３％（１／３０），６．７％（２／３０）。急性期５周病死率ＳＫ组为２．５％（１／４０）、ＵＫ组为６．７％（２／３０）。对比研究结果表明：ＳＫ１５０万Ｕ／３０分钟的加速静脉溶栓与ＵＫ２００万Ｕ／３０分钟的静脉溶栓治疗ＡＭＩ是安全的。但ＳＫ加速溶栓的疗效优于ＵＫ溶栓的疗效。     

HBV反义全基因真核细胞表达载体的构建及在肝癌细胞内的表达

１．材料与方法：乳哺动物细胞表达载体ｐＢＫ－ＣＭＶ,长约４．５ｋｂ,带有Ｔ_７公用序列。ｐＣＰ１０是ｐＢＲ３２２ＥｃｏＲＩ位点中插入双拷贝头尾相接的ＨＢＶａｙｗ亚型全基因ＨＢＶＤＮＡ重组质粒。ＰＣＲ引物ＸＩ１：１４２８－１４４８ｎｔ５'ＣＧＴ　ＣＣＣＧＴＣ　ＧＧＣＧＣＴＧＡＡＴＣＣ３',ＸＩ_２：１６７２－１６５３ｎｔ５'ＡＧＴＣＣＡＡＧＡＧＴＣＣＴＣＴＴＡＡＧ３'。人肝癌细胞系ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１,出上海细胞所提供。将ＥｃｏＲＩ酶切后回收的全基因ＨＢＶ片段。在Ｔ_４ＤＮＡ连接酶作用下,与ＥｃｏＲＩ酶切…     

开博通在溶栓治疗中对血管内皮细胞功能的影响

为探讨开博通在急性心肌梗塞患者溶栓治疗过程中对血管内皮细胞功能的影响,观察了６８例发病后１２ｈ内入院的急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者,在溶栓治疗后随机分为开博通组和安慰剂组,开博通组在溶栓后立刻给予开博通,首剂６．２５ｍｇ／次,此后１２．５ｍｇ／次,２次／天;于口服开博通前即刻及之后第２４ｈ和４８ｈ测定内皮素（ＥＴ）、前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）的代谢产物６－酮－前列腺素－Ｆｌａ（６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦＩａ）和血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）的代谢产物血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）的浓度,并计算６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ／ＴＸＢ２的比值,设安慰剂组作为对照。结果发现开博通可明显降低未通患者ＥＴ浓度,而再通患者的ＥＴ水平不受影响,明显地降低ＴＸＢ２（Ｐ＜０．０５）的水平,轻度降低６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ水平（Ｐ＞０．０５）,使６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ／ＴＸＢ２（Ｋ／Ｔ）比值明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示在ＡＭＩ患者溶栓治疗同时应用开博通,可纠正Ｋ／Ｔ比例失调,对ＡＭＩ产生治疗作用。     

抗癌药物与钙拮抗剂合用对体外人胃癌细胞的影响

目的和方法：本文报道了抗癌药物与５－氟脲嘧啶（５－ＦＵ）、阿霉素（ＤＯＸ）及长春新碱（ＶＣＲ）与钙拮抗剂维拉帕米（ＶＰＭ）、尼卡地平（ＮＩＣ）、汉防已甲素（ＴＥＴ）、硝苯吡啶（ＮＩＦ）及硫氮草酮（ＤＩＬ）单独和联合应用对体外人胃癌细胞株ＭＫＮ４５、ＭＫＮ２８及ＭＧＣ８０３细胞增殖影响的研究结果。结果：不同浓度的５种钙拮抗剂单独处理各胃癌细胞株，发现随着浓度升高，胃癌细胞增殖受到的抑制作用也增强，其中ＶＰＭ、ＮＩＣ和ＴＥＴ较为显著。在联合用药实验中，无毒剂量ＶＰＭ、ＮＩＣ与低浓度ＤＯＸ、５－ＦＵ、ＶＣＲ合用时，可使这些化疗药物抑制胃癌细胞增殖的作用增强２．７～７．５倍。小剂量的ＴＥＴ可增强ＤＯＸ对３种胃癌细胞株的细胞毒作用，亦可增强ＶＣＲ、５－ＦＵ对某些细胞株的作用。而ＮＩＦ和ＤＩＬ对抗癌药物细胞毒性的增强作用不显著。结论：结果提示ＶＰＭ、ＮＩＣ及ＴＥＴ等钙拮抗剂能增强ＤＯＸ、５－ＦＵ和ＶＣＲ对体外人胃癌细胞的抗癌活性     

链激酶与尿激酶治疗急性心肌梗塞的对比研究

为对比研究链激酶（ＳＫ）与尿激酶（ＵＫ）静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）的疗效与安全性，７０例发病１２ｈ内入院的ＡＭＩ患者，随机分为ＳＫ１５０万Ｕ／３０ｍｉｎ加速静脉溶栓组（４０例）及ＵＫ２００万Ｕ／３０ｍｉｎ静脉溶栓组（３０例）。根据临床血管再通指标判断，ＳＫ溶栓血管再通率为７７．５％（３１／４０），其中发病６ｈ内溶栓者再通率为８９．３％（２５／２８）。而ＵＫ组再通率为５６．７％（１７／３０），其中发病６ｈ内溶栓者再通率为６５％（１３／２０）。急性期５周病死率ＳＫ组为２．５％（１／４０），ＵＫ组为６．７％（２／３０）。对比研究结果表明：ＳＫ１５０万Ｕ／３０ｍｉｎ的加速静脉溶栓与ＵＫ２００万Ｕ／３０ｍｉｎ的静脉溶栓治疗ＡＭＩ是安全的。但ＳＫ加速溶栓的疗效优于ＵＫ溶栓。     

尿激酶、前列腺素E_1联合溶栓对家兔全身纤溶系统的影响

在家兔髂股动脉血栓模型观察尿激酶（ＵＫ）和前列腺素Ｅ１（ＰＧＥ１）联合溶栓的效果。结果如下：①经导管动脉联合用药（简称联用），优于单用ＵＫ，再通率为１００％。优于常规静脉途径（再通率５０％）；②静脉联用组全身纤溶激活，即总纤溶活力增强，纤溶酶原（ＰＬＧ）和纤维蛋白降解产物（ＦＤＰ）增高。有出血的潜在危险，而动脉联用组全身纤溶改变小于静脉联用及动脉单药（ＵＫ）组。经导管动脉内联合用ＵＫ和ＰＧＥ１是一种疗效高、副作用小的溶栓方法。     

链激酶,尿激酶静脉溶栓对凝血和纤溶系统的影响

尿激酶（ＵＫ）和链激酶（ＳＫ）同属第一代溶栓剂，二者均无“纤维蛋白选择性”，本研究目的在于比较ＳＫ和ＵＫ对凝血和纤溶系统的影响及其与临床的关系。静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞１１１例，其中５５例使用ＳＫ（１５０万单位／例），５６例使用ＵＫ（１．７－２．３万单位／ｋｇ体重，平均１５３．２５万单位／例），于溶栓前、溶栓后２、６、１２、２４小时、第３天、第７天分别测定血浆纤溶酶原激活物（ＰＡ）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（ＰＡＩ）、及纤溶酶原（ＰＬＧ）活性，并测定纤维蛋白原（ＦＧ）浓度、激活的试管法凝血时间（ＡＣＴ）。结果显示：ＳＫ引起的凝血和纤溶系统变化均比ＵＫ明显，特征为：在溶栓后２～６小时有较高的ＰＡ活性和较低的ＰＡＩ活性；溶栓后２小时较长的凝血时间；较低的纤维蛋白原浓度从２小时持续到第７天，上述差异均有极显著意义。本文结果提示ＳＫ对凝血和纤溶系统的影响比ＵＫ强烈而持久，二者在血液学特征上的差异与临床疗效及使用抗凝剂等问题可能有一定的关系。     

急性心肌梗塞经用尿激酶治疗失败后改用重组组织型纤溶酶元激活剂治疗成功一例

患者　男　６２岁，因胸骨后压榨样疼痛向左肩背部及左前臂内侧放射至左手无名指指端伴大汗淋漓４小时来院急诊。当时心电图示ＳＴ段Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ａＶＦ弓背样抬高１～２ｍｍ，ａＶＬ压低１．０ｍｍ，诊断急性下壁心肌梗塞。即用尿激酶５０万Ｕ静注，５０万Ｕ静滴，总量１００万Ｕ溶栓，溶栓后５小时病情未见缓解。血压７０／５０ｍｍＨｇ，ＥＫＧ示ＳＴ段Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ａＶＦ仍呈弓背样抬高５～８ｍｍ，Ⅰ压低５ｍｍ，Ｖ３～Ｖ６抬高２～３ｍｍ，Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞。在静滴多巴胺下，血压仅６０／３０ｍｍＨｇ，尿量＜２０ｃｃ／ｈ，尿素１０ｍｍｏｌ…     

二甲基硫脲对心肌细胞抗过氧化氢损伤的实验研究

为探讨二甲基硫脲（ＤＭＴＵ）保护心肌细胞抗过氧化氢（Ｈ２Ｏ２）损伤。３２瓶培养乳鼠心肌细胞随机分４组，每组８瓶：（１）对照组；（２）Ｈ２Ｏ２（５ｍｍｏｌ）组；（３）ＤＭＴＵ（２０ｍｍｏｌ）组；（４）Ｈ２Ｏ２（５ｍｍｏｌ）＋ＤＭＴＵ（２０ｍｍｏｌ）组。在３７℃、５％ＣＯ２的ＭＥＭ培养４小时。结果发现：（１）与对照组比，Ｈ２Ｏ２组乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ，Ｕ／１００ｍｌ）释放多（２８２．３８±４７．２８比７７．２５±１８．２５，Ｐ＜０．０１）、ＴＢＡ反应物（ＴＢＡＲＳ，ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇＰｒ．）产生多（２．２５±０．５３比０．７９±０．３６，Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）与Ｈ２Ｏ２组比，Ｈ２Ｏ２＋ＤＭ－ＴＵ组ＬＤＨ释放少（９９．２５±４１．８８比２８２．３８±４７．２８，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＴＢＡＲＳ产生少（０．５９±０．１８比２．２５±０．５３，Ｐ＜０．０１）；此外，我们还发现ＤＭＴＵ组超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ，μｇ／ｍｇＰｒ．）比对照组高（８．４９±３．６５比１．９２±１．４０，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＤＭＴＵ能保护心肌细胞抗Ｈ２Ｏ２损伤，机制与灭活羟自由基（·ＯＨ）、保护ＳＯＤ活性有关     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.