正中神经、尺神经部分束支移位术重建屈肘功能

目的 观察正中神经、尺神经部分束支移位术的临床疗效及手术前后供体神经功能的变化,分析影响手术疗效的因素。方法 应用正中神经、尺神经部分束支移接给肱二头肌肌支治疗臂丛神经上千型根性撕脱伤,重建屈肘功能。对施行手术的36例患者进行6个月至5年多的随访,根据肱二头肌肌力和肘关节主动活动范围,将患者术后恢复情况分为三级：优：肱二头肌肌力达4级以上,肘关节屈曲达90度以上;可：肱二头肌肌力达3级,肘关节屈曲达60～90度;差：肱二头肌肌力2级以下,肘关节屈曲60度以下。分析影响疗效的几种因素。结果 手术疗效显著,有效率(肱二头肌肌力3级以上)达94．4％,优良率(肱二头肌肌力4级以上)达63．9％。手术前后供体神经功能没有明显变化。影响手术疗效的主要因素有：损伤类型、损伤原因、手术距损伤的间隔时间、患者年龄、供体神经的选择及术后功能锻炼。准确判断患者的损伤类型,严格掌握手术适应证是手术成功的关键。结论 正中神经、尺神经部分束支移位术是治疗臂丛神经上千型根性撕脱伤的一种安全、可靠、有效的手术方法。     

正中神经部分束支移位与肌皮神经肱二头肌肌支缝合重建屈肘功能

目的评价正中神经部分束支移位与肌皮神经肱二头肌肌支缝合重建屈肘功能的疗效，观察供体神经功能的变化并讨论影响疗效的因素和手术适应证。方法对1995年以来的45例臂丛神经上干根性损伤者，采用正中神经部分束支移位与肌皮神经肱二头肌肌支缝合术。术中切取正中神经后内侧，横截面的1／6～1／5为移位束支，因为来自内侧束的神经纤维多位于后内侧。术后随访12～108个月，患者最终恢复结果按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定。结果手术有效率达到86．7％，优良率达60．0％。1／4患者在术后出现供体支配肌肌力和握力减退，术后1～2个月恢复正常。该组中以C5、6根性损伤伴中下干部分损伤、骑摩托车摔伤、41岁以上年龄组的疗效最差。结论正中神经部分束支移位于肌皮神经肱二头肌肌支是治疗臂丛神经上干型根性撕脱伤、重建屈肘功能的一种简单、安全、可靠而有效的手术方法。损伤类型、损伤原因、手术距损伤的间隔时间、患者的年龄及术后的功能锻炼，是影响手术疗效的主要因素。准确判断损伤类型，严格掌握手术适应证是手术成功的关键。     

神经束支移位重建屈肘功能80例随访分析

目的 评价用神经束支移位恢复屈肘功能的手术结果和影响疗效的因素。方法 臂丛神经上干根性损伤或上干根性损伤合并中、下干不全损伤的病例，应用正中神经束支或尺神经束支移位与肌皮神经肱二头肌支相吻合，恢复屈肘功能，临床治疗80例。结果术后经过8～108个月随访，肱二头肌力达M4者50例，肌力达M3者16例，M3以下者14例；手术有效率为(肱二头肌力M3以上)82．5％，优良率(肱二头肌肌力M4以上，为62．5％。结论对于臂丛神经上干或上、中干根性的损伤应首选尺神经或正中神经束支移位修复，重建恢复屈肘功能。     

正中神经束支移位重建屈肘功能远期疗效分析

目的 探讨正中神经部分束支移位重建屈肘功能的远期疗效和影响因素.方法 对14例臂丛神经上千损伤行正中神经束支移位重建屈肘功能,根据肱二头肌肌力和肘关节活动范围评定手术效果和影响治疗效果的因素.结果 术后疗效:优9例,可3例,差2例.结论 正中神经部分柬支移位重建屈肘功能是治疗臂丛神经上于损伤的一种简便、安全、疗效可靠的治疗方法.     

正中神经束支移位重建屈肘功能

目的 探讨正中神经束支移位重建屈肘功能的临床疗效,观察供体神经的变化.方法 在臂丛神经上干损伤屈肘功能障碍时,应用正中神经部分束支移位与肌皮神经肱二头肌支吻合重建屈肘功能14例,并进行10～36个月的随访.根据肱二头肌肌力和肘关节活动范围评定术后疗效.结果 本组优9例,可3例,差2例.影响手术疗效的因素有年龄、损伤距手术时间、臂丛神经损伤的程度、神经吻合的质量,以及功能锻炼的方式方法.手术前后供体神经功能没有明显变化.结论 正中神经部分束支移位重建屈肘功能是治疗臂丛神经上干损伤的一种简便、安全、疗效可靠的治疗方法.     

束支移位手术治疗臂丛神经上干损伤重建屈肘肩外展功能

2002年7月～2007年1月,我们对10例臂丛神经上干损伤的患者采用正中神经、尺神经部分束支移位的方法重建屈肘肩外展功能,疗效满意.     

神经干移位和束组移位术治疗臂丛神经上千损伤的疗效对比

目的:探讨臂丛神经上干损伤后应用神经干移位及神经束组移位术的疗效对比.方法:将20例单纯臂丛神经上千损伤患者分成A、B两组,每组10例.患侧肩均不能外展、外旋、上举;屈肘不能;耸肩及伸肘肌力≥4级.肌电图检查:副神经、膈神经及尺神经功能正常;正中神经轻度受损.患者于伤后3-11个月入院治疗.A组于全麻下行副神经到肩胛上神经、膈神经到肌皮神经、肋间神经到腋神经移位术;13组于全麻下行副神经到肩胛上神经、尺神经束支或正中神经束支到肌皮神经、正中神经束支或尺神经束支到腋神经移位术.结果:术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,其中B组2例患者出现手部尺神经轻度损伤症状,2例患者出现正中神经轻度损伤症状,经对症治疗后消失.其余患者未出现与供区神经受损的症状.两组患者均获得随访,分别于术后3、6、9、12个月行肌电图检查,经统计学分析,B组神经传导速度优于A组(P＜0.05).A组患者术后5～6个月出现肩外展及屈肘动作,肌电图可记录到受区肌肉新生电位;术后8～9个月,患者肩外展30～65°,屈肘90～120°,肌力3～4级.B组患者术后3～4个月出现肩外展及屈肘动作,肌电图可记录到受区肌肉新生电位;术后7～8个月,患者肩外展30～65°,屈肘90～120°,肌力3～4级.结论:应用功能相近的供体神经行神经束组移位修复受损的神经具有供区损失小、恢复时间快、功能恢复佳等优点,其效果优于神经干直接修复.     

部分正中及尺神经移位治疗C5,6根性撕脱伤

介绍采用部分正中及尺神经束支移位，治疗臂丛Ｃ５、６根性撕脱伤的疗效。１９９４年起，在尸体标本上对肌皮神经与尺神经进行测量与研究，在此基础上，采用部分正中及尺神经束支移位与肌皮神经肌支吻接的方法，治疗７例Ｃ５、６根性撕脱伤。结果；肱二头肌肌支与尺神经横截面积之比为１：１２。因此，从尺神经切取束支移位时，束支的粗细为供体的１／１２即可。     

复合式神经移位术治疗臂丛根性撕脱伤

自１９８８年１１月～１９９４年１２月，应用复合式神经移位术治疗臂丛根性撕脱伤８９例。损伤原因为：摩托车撞击伤６３例，机器牵拉伤２１例，直接损伤５例。损伤类型为：上臂丛型４７例，下臂丛型１３例，全臂丛型２９例。伤后至手术时间为３周～６个月。神经移位方式主要根据不同的损伤类型选用相应的移位方式。术后随访时间为１．５～６年。疗效最佳为膈神经移位，有效率达８２．９％；其次为副神经，达６６．７％；颈丛运动支达５５．２％；肋间神经达４８．３％；健侧Ｃ７神经根移位与患侧尺神经吻合，神经再生率达９６．６％。作者认为，复合式神经移位术治疗臂丛根性撕脱伤，尤其是对上臂丛根性撕脱伤，治疗效果是令人满意的。     

联合尺神经束支和臂丛外神经移位治疗臂丛损伤

目的 观察联合尺神经束支和臂丛外神经移位治疗臂丛损伤的临床效果.方法 臂丛损伤6例,其中单纯上干损伤4例;上中干为主,合并下干部分损伤2例.伤后平均2.8个月接受手术.术式包括尺神经部分束支转位至肌皮神经肱二头肌肌支,膈神经或者副神经斜方肌支转位至肩胛上神经,桡神经肱三头肌长头肌支转位修复腋神经肌支.用肱二头肌、岗上肌和三角肌肌力,肩外展和上举角度,尺神经功能损失等指标对手术方式和效果进行评估.结果 6例中5例得到随访,平均随访时间18个月,肱二头肌均在术后3～4个月开始恢复肌力.随访时间18个月以上的4例屈肘M_4~+～M_5;随访时间4个月的1例屈肘M_3~+.其中3例行外展功能重建,单用膈神经修复的病例上臂可上举至180°,外展肌力M_4~+;联合副神经和肱三头肌长头肌支修复的病例上肢可外展90°,肌力M_4~-;单用副神经修复的病例上肢可外展80°,肌力M_3~+.3例手部握持力与术前相同,2例增强.4例手部尺神经供区功能无明显影响,1例小指掌侧皮肤感觉减退,第一骨间背侧肌萎缩.结论 尺神经部分束支转位修复肱二头肌支可以有效的恢复臂丛损伤后屈肘功能;用膈神经修复肩胛上神经可能取得更好的肩外展和上举效果;本组臂丛下干部分损伤的病例受伤均在3个月内,采用此术式同样恢复了肱二头肌功能,未加重原有的手功能障碍.     

神经束移位重建屈肘功能

目的评价用神经束移位恢复屈肘功能的手术方法与临床疗效.方法对臂丛损伤,分别应用正中神经、尺神经、胸背神经及健侧C7部分神经束移位与肌皮神经肱二头肌支缝合恢复屈肘功能.结果临床应用52例中有26例肱二头肌力达M4级,屈曲肘关节达90°以上,供体神经无明显的损害.结论利用神经束移位可以提供足够的神经纤维,恢复肱二头肌的神经支配.     

尺神经部分转位肌皮神经二头肌支治疗早晚期臂丛神经损伤

[目的]臂丛神经上中干损伤的修复治疗中肘屈曲功能是最为重要的.在已有的几种恢复肘关节屈曲功能的神经转位手术中,部分尺神经转位肌皮神经的手术(Oberlin' s method)是最新的方法.本报告应用Oberlin' s手术治疗早期和晚期臂丛神经上中干损伤的初步经验.[方法]5例臂丛神经上中干损伤的患者采用了Oberlin's手术进行伤肢肘关节屈曲功能的恢复治疗.患者平均年龄28岁,随访6～15个月.早期手术2例,分别伤后6个月和8个月手术.晚期病例3例,分别于伤后12～18个月实施手术.术后持续性进行肱二头肌、肘关节屈曲肌力、手内肌握力、尺神经支配区感觉测试.[结果]所有病例都恢复了肘关节的屈曲功能,都有3级以上的肱二头肌肌力恢复.2例早期病例术后1周内出现肱二头肌主动收缩,肘关节主动屈曲功能正常恢复时间平均6个月,平均肌力恢复4+级.3例晚期病例术后平均3个月出现肱二头肌收缩,肘关节主动屈曲功能正常恢复时间平均10个月,平均肌力恢复3+级.3例术后出现尺神经支配区感觉减退,1个月后自动恢复.[结论]Oberlin' s手术是治疗臂丛神经上中干损伤,快速有效恢复肘关节主动屈曲功能的有效方式.     

Transfer of fascicles from the ulnar nerve to the nerve to the biceps in the treatment of upper brachial plexus palsy

BACKGROUND: The transfer of one or more ulnar nerve fascicles to the nerve to the biceps can restore elbow flexion in patients with upper brachial plexus palsy. The purposes of the present retrospective study were to evaluate the results of this procedure, to measure the delay in reinnervation of the biceps muscle, and to define the indications for a secondary Steindler flexorplasty. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with an upper nerve-root brachial plexus injury were reviewed at an average of thirty-one months after the nerve fascicle transfer. The average age of the patients was twenty-eight years. The average time between the injury and the operation was nine months. Patients were evaluated with regard to reinnervation of the biceps, ulnar nerve function, elbow flexion strength, and grip strength. RESULTS: The average time required for reinnervation of the biceps after nerve fascicle transfer was five months. No motor or sensory deficits related to the ulnar nerve were noted clinically. The average grip strength at the time of the last follow-up was 25 kg (an improvement of 9 kg compared with the preoperative value). After the nerve transfer, twenty-four patients achieved grade-3 elbow flexion strength or better according to the grading system of the Medical Research Council. A Steindler flexorplasty was performed as a secondary procedure in ten patients with persistent grade-3 flexor strength or worse. In eight of these cases, elbow flexion strength improved after nerve transfer and flexorplasty. Overall, thirty of the thirty-two patients achieved a good result (grade-4 strength) or a fair result (grade-3 strength). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend this procedure for brachial plexus injuries involving the C5-C6 or C5-C6-C7 nerve roots. This procedure spares the C5 nerve root and other nerves for grafting or transfer elsewhere. A secondary Steindler flexorplasty is indicated for patients who have persistent grade-3 elbow flexion strength or worse for at least twelve months after nerve fascicle transfer.     

Results of reinnervation of the biceps and brachialis muscles with a double fascicular transfer for elbow flexion

PURPOSE: To report the results of a surgical technique of nerve transfer to reinnervate the brachialis muscle and the biceps muscle to restore elbow flexion after brachial plexus injury. METHODS: Retrospective review was performed on 6 patients who had direct nerve transfer of a single expendable motor fascicle from both the ulnar and median nerves directly to the biceps and brachialis branches of the musculocutaneous nerve. Assessment included degree of recovery of elbow flexion and ulnar and median nerve function including pinch and grip strengths. RESULTS: Clinical evidence of reinnervation was noted at a mean of 5.5 months (SD, 1 mo; range, 3.5-7 mo) after surgery and the mean follow-up period was 20.5 months (SD, 11.2 mo, range, 13-43 mo). Mean recovery of elbow flexion was Medical Research Council grade 4+. Postoperative pinch and grip strengths were unchanged or better in all patients. No motor or sensory deficits related to the ulnar or median nerves were noted and all patients maintained good hand function. No patients required additional procedures to further improve elbow flexion strength. CONCLUSIONS: Transfer of expendable motor fascicles from the ulnar and median nerves successfully can reinnervate the biceps and brachialis muscles for strong elbow flexion. The reinnervation of the brachialis muscle, the primary elbow flexor, as well as the biceps muscle provides an additional biomechanical advantage that accounts for the excellent elbow flexion strength obtained using this technique. Direct coaptation of the nerve fascicles was performed without the need for nerve grafts and there was no functional or sensory donor morbidity.     

神经束移位治疗臂丛神经根性撕脱伤70例临床报告

目的 观察应用神经束移位治疗臂丛神经根性撕脱伤的效果。方法 对７０例患者,于上臂上中部切取正中神经、心神经、胸背神经及健侧Ｃ７神经束移位给肱二头肌肌支、三角肌肌支等,重建肩、肘关节的功能。结果 供区部分神经切取后对肢体功能无明显影响。正中神经、尺神经部分束文、胸背神经、健侧Ｃ７束支移位比全干移位对肌功能的影响小,且同样有效。结论 肱二头肌肌支、三角肌肌支的神经纤维数量少,用供体神经部分神经束即可提供充足的神经纤维,且能保证移位的神经纤维能良好地长入肱二头肌和三角肌。     

Transfer of one fascicle of ulnar nerve to functioning free gracilis muscle transplantation for elbow flexion

Background: In brachial plexus injury, elbow flexion is the first priority in reconstruction. Neglected cases need functioning free muscle transplantation that requires the donor nerve to supply the transplanted muscle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and results of transferring one fascicle of the ulnar nerve to the transplanted gracilis muscle. Methods: One woman and two men with neglected avulsions of the C5,C6 roots of the brachial plexus underwent free gracilis muscle transfer for elbow flexion. One fascicle of the ulnar nerve was used as the donor nerve. Results: The mean period of follow‐up was 33.3 months. The average reinnervation time of gracilis muscle was 3.7 months. At the final examination, the mean strength of elbow flexion was 4.3 kgf. The grip strength, moving two‐point discrimination and the strength of the wrist volar flexion on the affected side was not worse than before surgery in any patient at the last follow‐up examination. Conclusions: A fascicle of the ulnar nerve can be one of the most effective options for functioning free muscle transplantation for elbow flexion.