降钙素基因相关肽在大鼠纹状体边缘区内分布及其纤维联系的研究

应用免疫细胞化学ABC法对降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）在大鼠纹状体边缘区内的分布以及与杏仁核、终纹床核等边缘系统结构之间的联系进行了研究。结果发现：（1）CGRP免疫阳性纤维在纹状体内存在于纹状体的中部和尾侧,位于尾壳核和苍白球之间,即相当于纹状体边缘区的部位,形成一条明显的背腹方向走行的带状。CGRP免疫阳性纤维分布越靠纹状体尾,则纤维越密集,且阳性带越宽;（2）在纹状体的最尾侧,除边缘区外,尾壳核的外侧缘也出现一条致密的阳性纤维带,与边缘区走向一致。并与边缘区的CGRP阳性纤维带之间存在较多的横向联系纤维;（3）纹状体边缘区的CGRP阳性纤维向背侧通过终纹与吻侧的终纹床核联系,向腹侧与杏仁核的CGRP阳性纤维相连,向尾侧和中脑黑质外侧部及其背外侧区的CGRP阳性胞体相连;（4）边缘区的CGRP阳性纤维主要与杏仁中央核相联系,少量与杏仁内侧核相联系;尾壳核外侧缘的CGRP阳性纤维也主要与杏仁中央核相联系。结果提示：CGRP阳性纤维在纹状体边缘区、杏仁核、终纹床核以及黑质背外侧区之间形成了一个相互联系的神经网络,纹状体边缘区与边缘系统之间存在密切的纤维联系。     

伏隔核功能的研究进展

伏隔核 (ｎｕｃｌｅｕｓａｃｃｕｍｂｅｎｓｓｅｐｔｉ) ,亦称伏核 (ａｃｃｕｍｂｅｎｓｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ)是基底前脑的一个较大的核团。伏隔核位于基底核与边缘系统交界处 ,隔区的外下方 ,尾壳核的内下方 ,前方与嗅前核相连 ,后续终纹床核 ,腹侧为腹侧苍白球和嗅结节。其纤维联系与边缘系统较为密切 ,细胞构筑又接近新纹状体 ,因此其归属难定。根据细胞免疫组织化学和纤维联系的不同 ,伏隔核分为腹内侧新月形的壳和围绕前联合的背外侧的核[1 ] ,两者有着不同的纤维联系。伏隔核的壳发出的传出纤维投射到腹侧苍白球的腹内侧、延伸的杏仁核 (包…     

降钙素基因相关肽在大鼠纹状体内分布的生后发育研究

目的　了解大鼠纹状体内的钙离子基因相关肽 (CGRP)在纹状体和苍白球内分布的生后发育变化 .方法　对出生后 1d～ 1a的大鼠脑行冠状组织切片 ,尔后进行 CGRP的 ABC法免疫细胞化学染色 .结果　 CGRP在纹状体的近尾侧部主要分布在纹状体的边缘区 ,为大量的密度很高的免疫反应阳性纤维 ,在纹状体的远尾侧部几乎遍布整个尾壳核 ,但以其外侧缘和腹侧为多 ,在尾壳核的外侧部形成一条浓密的阳性纤维带 .苍白球内可见少量的 CGRP免疫反应纤维存在 ,多靠近苍白球的内侧缘 . CGRP在纹状体内分布的生后发育特征为 :P0 1时边缘区有少量阳性纤…     

人脑纹状体边缘区的免疫细胞化学研究

目的证明人脑纹状体有无纹状体边缘区存在。方法用Nissl染色和免疫细胞化学方法研究了人新生儿脑纹状体的细胞构造及递质分布。结果在Nissl染色的切片上可见人脑纹状体壳核和苍白球外节之间,有一条明显的梭形细胞带。细胞的长轴呈背腹方向,与壳核内侧边界平行。在上述边缘区部位可见大量免抗亮氨酸-脑腓肽(L-ENK)、免抗神经降压肽(NT)、免抗生长抑素(SOM)和免抗P物质(SP)免疫细胞化学阳性纤维和少量L-ENK及NT阳性胞体。结论首次证明人脑纹状体和大鼠、猫、猴相似,也存在纹状体边缘区。     

人脑纹状体边缘区的免疫细胞化学研究

目的 证明人脑纹状体有无纹状体边缘区存在。方法 用Nissl染色和免疫细胞化学方法研究了人新生儿脑纹状体的细胞构造及递质分布。结果 在Nissl染色的切片上可见人脑纹状体壳核和苍白球外节之间,有一条明显的梭形细胞带。细胞的长轴呈背腹方向,与壳核内侧边界平行。在上述边缘区部位可见大量免抗亮氨酸－脑腓肽（L－ENK）、免抗神经降压肽（NT）、免抗生长抑素（SOM）和免抗P物质（SP）免疫细胞化学阳性纤维和少量L－ENK及NT阳性胞体。结论 首次证明人脑纹状体和大鼠、猫、猴相似,也存在纹状体边缘区。     

大鼠P物质在纹状体内的正常分布及其与脑内其他结构延续的免疫组织化学

目的 了解大鼠纹状体Ｐ物质的分布及其与脑内其他重要结构如基底神经节和边缘系统内Ｐ物质之间的相互联系。方法 对大鼠脑进行连续冠状和矢状组织切片,尔后进行ＡＢＣ法免疫细胞化学染色。结果 冠状切面上大鼠纹状体内ＳＰ免疫反应阳性物质主要分布在纹状体的边缘区内,主为为背腹走向的阳性纤维,苍白球的内侧绷亦有一条呈背腹走向的ＳＰ免疫阳性纤维带。杏仁枋的ＳＰ免疫阳性物质主要分布在杰仁中央核和杏仁内侧核;其中可仁中     

大鼠纹状体边缘区内烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体mRNA的表达

目的研究纹状体边缘区内有无乙酰胆碱受体（ｎＡＣｈＲ）的分布。方法用地高辛标记的 ｎＡＣｈＲ ｃＤＮＡ作为探针， 与大鼠脑切片进行原位杂交。结果大鼠脑纹状体内可见较多的ｎＡＣｈＲ阳性神经元，其中尾壳核中可见较多中等大小 的多极阳性神经元，在尾壳核和苍白球之间的边缘区部位，可见较多阳性梭形细胞，呈密集的带状分布。结论纹状体边 缘区内存在 ｎＡＣｈＲ ｍＲＮＡ的表达，推测边缘区内的 ｎＡＣｈＲ阳性神经元对调节边缘区的学习记忆功能有重要作用。     

N-甲基-D-门冬氨酸2B受体mRNA在纹状体边缘区的表达

目的 通过研究N-甲基-D-门冬氨酸（N-methyl-D-asparate, NMDA）2B受体是否在纹状体边缘区表达,从而在基因分子方面确定边缘区在学习记忆过程中的作用。方法 用地高辛标记多相探针方法,原位检测大鼠纹状体边缘区内NMDA 2B受体表达。结果 原位杂交结果发现NMDA 2B受体mRNA阳性信号在纹状体内分布不均匀,主要见于尾壳核,在尾壳核和苍白球间的边缘区部位可见中等大小梭形神经元,呈密集的带状分布,而苍白球只有少量的阳性胞体。结论 大鼠纹状体边缘区可以合成NMDA 2B受体,推测边缘区的学习记忆功能与NMDA受体有关。     

N—甲基—D—门冬氨酸2B受体mRNA在纹状体边缘区的表达

目的 通过研究N－甲基－D－门冬氨酸（N-methyl-D-asparate,NMDA)2B受体是否在纹状体边缘区表达,从而在基因分子方面确定边缘区在学习记忆过程中的作用。方法 用地高辛标记多相探针方法,原位检测大鼠纹状体边缘区内NMDA2B受体表达。结果 原位杂交结果发现NMDA2B 受体mRNA阳性信号在纹状体内分布不均匀,主要见于尾壳核,在尾壳核和苍白球间的边缘区部位可见中等大小梭形神经元,呈密集的带状分布,而苍白球只有少量的阳性胞体。结论 大鼠纹状体边缘区可以合成NMDA2B受体,推测边缘区的学习记忆功能与NMDA受体有关。     

大鼠端脑内核团向黑质的传入纤维联系

目的 研究大鼠端脑内核团向黑质的传入纤维联系。方法 应用荧光金（nuorogold,FG）逆行标记法技术将FG泳入一侧黑质,观察双侧端脑内的FG标记细胞分布。结果在泳入区同侧的额叶、颞叶、顶叶、岛叶、伏謦、终纹床核、杏仁中央核、隔核、尾壳核、苍白球、腹侧苍白球、脚内核见到FG逆行标记细胞。结论 大鼠端脑内存在丰富核团向黑质投射。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.