1-（2，6-二甲基苯氧基）-2-（3，4-二甲氧基苯乙氨基）丙烷盐酸盐对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

研究1-（2,6-二甲基苯氧基）-2-（3,4-二甲氧基苯乙氨基）丙烷盐酸盐（DDPH）对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法：采用Langendorff大鼠离体心脏灌流技术,结扎冠状动脉前降支（LAD）40min,复灌120min后复制出大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤模型,观察DDPH对大鼠离体心脏左心室功能、心肌梗死范围、脂质过氧化及超微结构损伤的影响。结果：DDPH能显著改善大鼠离体心脏左心室功能,明显缩小心肌梗死范围,能显著提高大鼠心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活性,降低心肌脂质过氧化代谢产物丙二醛（MDA）含量,减少心肌超微结构损伤。结论：DDPH对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,其作用机制可能与抑制氧自由基的生成和脂质过氧化作用有关。     

大黄和泽泻提取物对二甘醇致小鼠肾脏损伤的保护作用研究

目的:研究大黄和泽泻提取物对二甘醇(DEG)致小鼠肾脏损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:采用ig给予DEG方法建立小鼠肾脏损伤模型,ig给予大黄和泽泻提取物后测定血清中肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)浓度,测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-PX)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量变化。结果:小鼠ig给予DEG后有明显中毒表现,肾脏体质量比增加,血清中Cr和BUN水平升高,肾组织SOD和GSH-PX活性降低、MDA含量增加;给予大黄和泽泻提取物后小鼠中毒表现明显减轻,肾脏体质量比减少,血清中Cr和BUN水平明显降低,肾组织SOD和GSH-PX活性升高、MDA含量降低。结论:大黄和泽泻提取物对DEG所致小鼠肾脏损伤具有明显的保护作用,该作用与其改善肾脏抗氧化酶活性及抑制脂质过氧化反应有关。     

卡托普利保护大鼠缺血再灌注心肌与抗心肌脂质过氧化的关系(英文)

本实验分别用大鼠在体、离体心脏和培养心肌细胞观察了卡托普利(甲巯丙脯酸)抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤与抗脂质过氧化作用。离体心脏缺氧缺糖45 min后再给氧30 min以及在体心脏缺血3 h后再灌注1h,心肌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性明显下降而丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高。卡托普利能显著保护再灌注(或再给氧)时心肌SOD活性和降低MDA含量。培养心肌细胞缺氧缺糖6 h,细胞MDA含量和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放显著增加。卡托普利显著降低MDA含量和LDH释放。该作用能被吲哚美辛所取消。IIoprost显示有卡托普利相似的保护作用。结果表明卡托普利的保护作用与抗氧自由基和抗脂质过氧化有关。其机理主要通过促进心肌前列环素释放而发挥作用。     

生姜提取物对四氯化碳损伤小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化的影响

目的研究生姜提取物对CCl4损伤小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化的影响。方法分别以高、中、低剂量生姜提取物给小鼠灌胃,6h后经口给予10%的CCl4染毒。观察不同组小鼠肝脏组织抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px)活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果高剂量姜液组抗氧化酶活性降低,MDA含量升高;低剂量姜液组抗氧化酶活性升高,MDA含量降低。结论中、低剂量的生姜提取物对CCl4造成的小鼠抗氧化系统损伤具有保护作用。     

黄蜀葵花总黄酮保护离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的研究

目的　观察黄蜀葵花总黄酮 (totalflavoneofAbel moschlManihotLmedic ,TFA)对离体大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用。方法　采用Langendorff创建的离体心脏灌流法建立的离体大鼠心肌缺血缺氧再灌模型 ,观察TFA对心肌组织匀浆中脂质过氧化物质、酶学指标等的影响。结果　经研究发现 :TFA( 10 0、5 0、2 5mg·L-1)可明显增加缺血再灌后离体大鼠心肌组织匀浆中的SOD活性 ,降低MDA生成量 ,减少心肌细胞内CPK、LDH的漏出 ,并使NO含量及NOS活性得到提高。结论　TFA对离体大鼠缺血再灌损伤的心肌具有保护作用 ,此作用可能与抑制心肌脂质过氧化、增强抗氧化能力及舒张冠脉改善低灌流等有关     

生姜醇提取物抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用研究

目的:研究生姜醇提取物抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法:将50只雌性SD大鼠随机分成假手术、模型及生姜醇提取物高、中、低剂量组。结扎大鼠心脏左冠状动脉前降支30min,再灌注90min,复制急性局部心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。测定大鼠心肌组织匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;同时应用透射电镜观察心肌细胞超微结构的改变。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠心肌组织MDA含量显著升高(P<0.01),SOD活性显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,生姜醇提取物高、中、低剂量组大鼠心肌组织MDA含量显著降低(P<0.01),SOD活性显著升高(P<0.01)。透射电镜下超微结构显示生姜醇提取物高、中、低剂量组大鼠心肌细胞组织结构以及线粒体的损害显著减轻。结论:生姜醇提取物可能通过保护线粒体、减轻脂质过氧化程度、增强清除氧自由基的能力而保护心肌细胞。     

大黄蟅虫丸对大鼠慢性脂肪肝的治疗作用

目的观察大黄蟅虫丸对大鼠慢性脂肪肝的影响。方法 SD大鼠40只,随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、大黄蟅虫丸高剂量组和低剂量组。采用乙醇加高脂饲料喂养建立脂肪肝模型,灌胃给予大黄蟅虫丸治疗30d,观察大黄蟅虫丸对慢性实验性脂肪肝的治疗作用。结果大黄蟅虫丸可改善脂肪肝模型大鼠一般状况;降低肝脏质量,减小肝脏指数;降低血清TC、TG、LDL,升高HDL水平,降低血清ALT和AST活性;减少大鼠肝组织总脂肪、TC、TG含量,抑制大鼠肝组织MDA产生,升高TSOD活性;减轻肝脏脂肪性病理变化。结论大黄蟅虫丸对大鼠慢性脂肪肝有治疗作用,作用机制与降低血脂、抗脂质过氧化作用及活血化瘀功能有关。     

鱼油对心律失常大鼠肝脏和血清丙二醛的影响

初步探讨了鱼油抗心律失常大鼠脂质过氧化作用。大鼠ig鱼油（0.0144ml／kg），15d后，恒速注射氯化钡诱发大鼠心律失常，待其恢复窦性心律后，用TBA显色法测定了大鼠肝脏和血清丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果表明鱼油可显著降低大鼠肝脏和血清MDA含量，提示鱼油具有抗脂质过氧化的作用。     

桑银降糖胶囊对实验性糖尿病大鼠脂质过氧化物酶水平的影响

目的 观察桑银降糖胶囊对实验性糖尿病大鼠脂质过氧化物酶水平的影响.方法 用微量血糖测定法测定链脲霉素(STZ)实验性糖尿病大鼠实验前后各组空腹血糖浓度.用放免法测定血清胰岛素和C肽.用黄嘌呤-鲁米诺化学发光法测定血液超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性.用硫化巴比妥酸(TBA)比色法测定血清丙二醛(MDA)的含量.用HE染色方法 观察桑银降糖胶囊治疗前后胰腺、肝脏、肾脏的组织学变化.结果 桑银降糖胶囊可升高糖尿病动物模型SD大鼠胰岛素(36.08±11.40 μIU/ml)和C肽(0.10±0.04 μIU/ml)的浓度,具有明显降糖(6.33±1.66)mmol/L作用,对糖尿病动物模型SD大鼠具有提高血液SOD的活性(591.00±53.03 ug/g.HB),降低MDA水平的功效(6.3±0.85umol/L.对糖尿病动物模型SD大鼠的胰腺、肝脏、肾脏等组织有改善作用.结论 桑银降糖胶囊减少自由基对糖尿病动物模型SD大鼠的胰腺、肝脏、肾脏等组织的损伤并具有保护作用,纠正糖尿病动物模型SD大鼠的糖代谢紊乱,减少并发症的发生.     

藏药波棱瓜子提取物对肝损伤大鼠的抗氧化作用

目的考察波棱瓜子提取物的抗氧化作用及其自由基清除活性。方法体内实验采用CCl4损伤肝脏引起大鼠脂质过氧化反应,测定肝细胞中的丙二醛(MDA)、抗氧化酶(SOD、GSH-px)的含量。体外实验采用DPPH自由基清除法。结果波棱瓜子的CHCl3提取物具有较强的清除DPPH自由基的能力,IC50为49.69μg.ml-1,活性与阳性对照VitE相当。连续给波棱瓜子提取物7 d,能显著改善CCl4引起的肝细胞损伤。波棱瓜子的CHCl3及水提取物均能显著抑制由CCl4引起的脂质过氧化,使MDA的含量显著下降,能不同程度提高肝细胞中SOD、GSH-px的活性。结论波棱瓜子提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,且有较强的自由基清除活性。这可能是波棱瓜子能清热解毒、用于治疗"赤巴"病的作用机理之一。     

溪黄草及其发酵物中黄酮对自由基的清除作用

目的 研究溪黄草及其发酵物中黄酮对自由基的清除作用.方法 用枯草芽孢杆菌对溪黄草进行发酵,从溪黄草及其发酵物中提取总黄酮,用分光光度法测定含量,采用UV-Vis法测定两类黄酮提取物对O_和OH的抑制作用.结果 溪黄草及其发酵物中的黄酮含量丰富,两者对O2·-和OH·均有良好的清除作用,而发酵物中黄酮提取物的作用相对较弱.结论 溪黄草及其发酵物中的黄酮是良好的自由基清除剂,具有开发类似黄酮药物的前景.     

溪黄草黄酮类化合物抑制亚硝化反应活性的研究

目的研究溪黄草黄酮类化合物对亚硝化反应的抑制作用。方法根据最佳提取工艺条件提取得到3个主要的黄酮类化合物,研究其对亚硝化反应的抑制作用。结果溪黄草总黄酮提取率可达91.98%,水溶性部分阻断亚硝胺的合成及清除亚硝酸盐作用较强,分离得到的3个黄酮类化合物中芦丁的抑制作用较强,对亚硝胺的合成的最大阻断率可达91.5%,对亚硝酸盐的最大清除率可达89.2%。结论溪黄草黄酮类化合物具有抑制亚硝化反应的活性。     

蜈蚣提取物对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究蜈蚣水提取物和不同体积分数乙醇提取物对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：采用四氯化碳（CCl₄）制备小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定血清中谷草转氨酶（AST）,谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,丙二醛（MDA）水平;HE染色观察肝脏病理形态改变;RT-PCR检测小鼠肝脏中的肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）,白介素6（IL-6）mRNA表达水平。结果：与CCl₄模型组比较,蜈蚣水提物和30%乙醇提取物可以降低急性肝损伤小鼠ALT,AST和MDA水平,提高SOD水平;减轻小鼠肝脏病理损伤;降低TNF-α及IL-6的mRNA表达。其中水提物的效果更为显著。结论：蜈蚣水提物和30%乙醇提取物对小鼠急性肝损伤有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与抗脂质过氧化作用以及抑制TNF-α与IL-6的表达有关。     

星宿菜提取物对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：观察星宿菜水提取物及醇提取物对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：105只小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、联苯双酯组、星宿菜水提取物高剂量组、星宿菜水提取物低剂量组、星宿菜醇提取物高剂量组、星宿莱醇提取物低剂量组,每组15只。小鼠尾静脉注射卡介苗（BCG）联合脂多糖（LPS）建立免疫性肝损伤模型。连续给药12d后,测定小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性及肝组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽一过氧化物酶（GSH．Px）水平。结果：与模型组相比,星宿菜提取物可显著降低免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠血清中ALT、AST活性、肝组织MDA含量,升高肝组织SOD、GSH—Px活性（P〈0．05）;高剂量组效果优于低剂量组（P〈0．05）;星宿菜醇提取物效果最佳。结论：星宿莱提取物对小鼠免疫性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制与抗脂质过氧化有关。     

蓝萼香茶菜化学成分和生物活性研究近况

蓝萼香茶菜作为1种民间抗炎草药,已被广泛应用于多种炎症和肿瘤疾病的治疗。从蓝萼香茶菜中提取的萜类、黄酮、甾体等化合物具有多种生物活性,包括抗炎、抗肿瘤、保护心血管等。综述了国内外对蓝萼香茶菜化学成分和生物活性研究近况。     

刃天青法对溪黄草抗菌活性部位的筛选

目的初步确定溪黄草抗茵活性的有效部位。方法采用刃天青法测定溪黄草石油醚部位、氯仿部位、正丁醇部位和水部位的最低抑茵浓度（MIC）。结果溪黄草氯仿部位对临床常见的致病菌均有良好的抑制作用。结论初步判定氯仿部位为溪黄草的抗茵活性部位。刃天青法作为一种快速的检测细胞活性的方法,可用于中药抗茵作用的研究,为抗茵有效部位的筛选与开发提供了新思路。     

In-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant activity of different extracts of the leaves of Clerodendron colebrookianum Walp in the rat

The in-vitro antioxidant activities of different concentrations of the water, alcoholic, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of the dried leaves of Clerodendron colebrookianum Walp, and in-vivo antioxidant activity of the water extract was studied in experimental rat models. The results obtained from in-vitro lipid peroxidation induced by FeSO4-ascorbate in rat liver homogenate showed a significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation by different extracts of C. colebrookianum leaf. Water extracts at concentrations (w/v) of 1:30, 1:50, 1:200 and 1:1000 showed the strongest inhibitory activity over the other organic extracts, suggesting maximum antioxidant effect. Chronic feeding of the water extract to Wistar albino rats (both sexes, 150-200 g) in 1 or 2 g kg-1/day doses for 14 days significantly increased the ferric reducing ability of plasma by 19% and 40% on the seventh day, and by 45% and 57% on the fourteenth day of treatment, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as a marker of lipid peroxidation, and some cellular antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione) were estimated in heart, liver and kidney. There was a significant reduction in hepatic and renal TBARS with both the doses, without any change in myocardial TBARS. There was no change in the level of antioxidants in heart, liver and kidney, except for the hepatic superoxide dismutase. The findings of this study showed that the leaf extract of C. colebrookianum increased the antioxidant capacity of blood and had an inhibitory effect on the basal level of lipid peroxidation of liver and kidney. This lends scientific support to the therapeutic use of the plant leaves, as claimed by the tribal medicine of North-East India.     

Preliminary study on liver protection and antioxidant active sites of Syringa pinnatifolia

OBJECTIVE To study on different liver protection and anti-oxidation effects of different extracts of Syringa pinnatifolia and selected the active part of Syringa pinnatifolia which has the functions of protecting liver and anti-oxidation. METHODS The agar wood powder was concentrated by refluxing with 95% ethanol to obtain ethanol extract. After dispersing with water, the suspension was prepared by using petroleum ether, ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol according to the polarity from small to large. The ratio was 1∶3, extracted under reduced pressure, and weighed. 96 male mice were randomly divided into blank group(CMC-Na), model group(CCl_4-araves oil), biphenyl diester group(positive control), Syringa pinnatifolia ethanol extract group, and Syringa pinnatifolia petroleum ether extract group. Syringa pinnatifolia ether extract part group, Syringa pinnatifolia ethyl acetate extract group, and Syringa pinnatifolia n-butanol extract group,with 12 mice in each group. It was intragastrically administered once every day at a dose of 20 m L·kg~(-1) and continuously administered for 7 d. One hour after the last administration, the other groups apart from blank group were injected with 0.1% CCL_4-peanut oil(20 m L·kg~(-1)) to induce an acute liver injury model. After 12 h, the color and activity of the mice were observed and test serum ALT and AST levels in mice and the MDA、GPx、SOD content in the liver homogenate, and histopathological morphology was observed and the Ishak scores were scored. RESULTS Compared with the blank group, the mice in the model group were thinner, the hair was dull and dull, the elasticity was decreased, and the flexibility was easy to gather, the serum levels of ALT and AST in the mice were significantly increased(P<0.01). The MDA content in the liver homogenate was significantly increased(P<0.01). GPx and SOD activity were significantly decreased(P<0.01).The pathological features of the mice in the model group showed coagulative necrosis around the central vein of the hepatic lobules, and the hepatic sinusoids were not arranged neatly. Ishak score was significantly decreased(P<0.01). In each drug group the condition and performance of the mice were better than those of the model group, the serum levels of ALT and AST in the ethanol extract group of Aquilaria sinensis and the ethyl acetate group of Aquilaria sinensis were significantly lower(P<0.01); the MDA content in the liver homogenate of the extracts from the ethanol extract of the Syringa pinnatifolia and the ethyl acetate extract of the Syringa pinnatifolia was significantly lower(P<0.01); GPx(P<0.01) and SOD(P<0.05) activity were significantly increased. The pathological damage of the tissue is also significantly reduced and Ishak score was significantly increased(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Mongolian medicine Syringa pinnatifolia has liver protection and antioxidant pharmacological effects.The ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanol extract of Syringa pinnatifolia is the key active site.     

Increased binding of thiopental in tissue homogenates of the rat in the presence of a volatile anesthetic.

Thiopental (CAS 76-75-5) binding (0.4 mmol.l-1) in tissue homogenate of rats (liver, brain, heart, kidney, lung, spleen and skeletal muscle) was studied by equilibrium dialysis. Percentage of thiopental bound was relatively low in homogenate of brain, lung, spleen and skeletal muscle (14-19%); it was much higher in that of liver, heart and kidney (24-27%). Simultaneously present halothane (11.8 mmol.l-1) increased the percentage of thiopental bound in the homogenate of all tissues investigated at least to a factor of 1.4 (spleen) and maximally of 2.4 (brain). The same phenomenon of an increased thiopental binding in tissue homogenate was found in the presence of 10.3 mmol.l-1 enflurane (except skeletal muscle) and 10.2 mmol.l-1 isoflurane (except kidney, spleen and skeletal muscle), yet to a significantly lower extent in the presence of these halogenated ethers as compared with halothane.     

射干提取物在大鼠体内分布研究

目的研究射干提取物在大鼠体内的组织分布特征。方法射干提取物给大鼠灌药后,以鸢尾黄素为研究指标,采用高效液相色谱法测定其在大鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾中的含量。结果鸢尾黄素在大鼠体内各部分的分布顺序为：肝〉肾〉肺〉心〉脾。结论射干提取物中鸢尾黄素在大鼠体内分布广泛,在肝肾肺组织中药物浓度较高,并且在肺组织中达到平衡后能较长时间保持药物浓度,与射干药材归肺经相符合,提示鸢尾黄素可能是射干用于治疗上呼吸道作用的药效物质之一。