拉米夫定联合氧化苦参碱治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效观察

目的观察拉米夫定联合氧化苦参碱治疗慢性病毒性乙型肝炎的疗效。方法入选慢性乙型病毒性肝炎90例,随机分为拉米夫定加氧化苦参碱联合治疗组,单用拉米夫定组和单用氧化苦参碱组,拉米夫定和氧化苦参碱的疗程均为1年。结果联合治疗组到治疗12个月,HBV DNA阴转率高达86.67%,与单用拉米夫定组63.3%相比,有显著性差异(P<0.05),与单用氧化苦参碱组30.00%相比较,P<0.001,亦有显著性差异。联合治疗组疗程12个月时,HBeAg/Anti-HBe血清转换率达66.67%,而对照单用拉米夫定组为43.33%,单用氧化苦参碱组仅为26.67%,经统计学分析均P<0.05,有显著性差异。联合抗病毒治疗,YMDD的变异率明显较单用拉米夫定治疗组低(P<0.05),而单用氧化苦参碱组治疗期间没用发现YMDD变异。结论拉米夫定联合氧化苦参碱治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎的疗效显著优于单用拉米夫定或单用氧化苦参碱组,而且联合抗病毒组YMDD的变异率明显较单用拉米夫定治疗组低,值得推广应用。     

干扰素α联合拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎临床观察

目的比较干扰素α单用和联合拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效。方法86例慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为三组。联合组 32例 ,给予干扰素α 1b 5MU ,肌肉注射 ,每周 3次 ,共 2 4周 ,拉米夫定 1 0 0mg口服 ,每日 1次 ,共 4 8周 ;干扰素组 30例 ,拉米夫定组 2 4例。观察 3组HBeAg阴转率、HBV DNA阴转率、HBeAg转换率及谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)复常率。结果3组病人ALT复常率、HBeAg血清转换率无明显差异 ,HBeAg阴转率联合组明显高于拉米夫定组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,HBeAg复发率三组差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。治疗结束时 ,HBV DNA阴转率联合组及拉米夫定组明显高于干扰素组 (P <0 .0 5 )。随访 2 4周 ,HBV DNA复发率 ,拉米夫定组明显高于干扰素组及联合组 ,联合组ALT的反跳率明显低于干扰素组及拉米夫定组 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论干扰素α或拉米定治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效较好 ,联合用药抑制ALT反跳优于单用干扰素或拉米夫定     

氧化苦参碱治疗慢性重度乙型肝炎的临床研究

【目的】观察氧化苦参碱注射液治疗慢性重度乙型肝炎(CHB)的临床疗效。【方法】将80例CHB患者分为两组:治疗组40例,用氧化苦参碱注射液600mg静脉滴注;对照组40例,以古拉定1.2g静脉滴注,疗程8周,治疗前后检测肝功能、乙型肝炎病毒复制标志物HBV DNA和HBeAg,同时观察患者的症状、体征的变化及药物的不良反应。【结果】HBV复制指标HBeAg滴度、HBV DNA拷贝数下降水平治疗组明显高于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05);HBV复制指标HBeAg、HBV DNA的转阴率治疗组明显高于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。治疗结束后AST、ALT、TBil治疗组明显低于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。【结论】氧化苦参碱对乙型肝炎病毒有抑制作用,是治疗CHB较为有效的中药制剂。     

拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床研究

目的:观察拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效.方法:选取84例慢性乙型肝炎患者,随机分为拉米夫定组42例,给予拉米夫定100 mg/d、拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯治疗组42例,给予拉米夫定100 mg/d、阿德福韦酯10 mg/d.均给予常规护肝及支持对症治疗.在治疗24、48周时观察两组患者肝功能、HBeAg阴转率和HBeAg血清转换率,比较两组ALT复常情况和不良反应发生情况.结果:治疗后两组患者HBV DNA均较基线值降低,且随治疗时间延长降低更明显;治疗24周时两组患者HBV DNA阴转率相似,治疗48周时B组与A组相比差异具有显著性;两组患者治疗后HBeAg阴转率、HBeAg血清转换率未见统计学差异;B组患者治疗48周时ALT复常率与A组相比差异具有显著性;两组均未见严重不良事件.结论:拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯与单用拉米夫定相比可以有效治疗慢性乙型肝炎,值得临床推广.     

联合方案治疗拉米夫定耐药HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者的临床观察

[目的]观察拉米夫定（LAM）联合阿德福韦酯（ADV）与恩替卡韦（ETV）联合ADV治疗LAM耐药HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）的临床疗效.[方法]选择LAM耐药的HBeAg阳性CHB患者50例,随机分为LAM联合ADV组（A组）,ETV联合ADV组（B组）,每组各25例,观察两组在治疗前及治疗12、24、48周时HBV DNA载量、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）水平、HBV血清标志物变化.[结果]两组在治疗12、24、48周HBV DNA均较治疗前下降（P＜0.05）;治疗48周时A组与B组的HBV DNA阴转率和ALT复常率率分别为76.0％与88.0％、80.0％与92.0％,两组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗24周HBV DNA阴转率B组高于A组（分别为84.0％,52.0％）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗24周ALT复常率B组高于A组（分别为80.0％,52.0％）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗过程中两组HBeAg阴转率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;未出现严重不良反应及病毒学突破.[结论]LAM联合ADV与ETV联合ADV治疗LAM耐药HBeAg阳性CHB患者均能获得良好的临床疗效且安全性良好;ETV联合ADV能快速抑制HBV DNA及降低ALT,早期HBV DNA阴转率及ALT复常率高于LAM联合ADV.     

拉米夫定联合左旋咪唑涂布剂治疗慢性乙型肝炎90例疗效观察

目的 观察拉米夫定联合左旋咪唑涂布剂对慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。方法 选择90例慢性乙型肝炎病人，治疗组50例，使用拉米夫定0．1g／d联合左旋眯唑涂布剂外用2次／周；对照组40例单用拉米夫定0．1g／d。每3个月测HBV—DNA、HBeAg、ALT做疗效观察。结果治疗组3个月HBV-DNA阴转率82％，HBeAg阴转率18％，ALT基本复常。对照组：HBV-DNA阴转率80％，HBeAg阴转率10％，ALT基本复常，两组差异无显著性（P〉0．015）。治疗组12个月HBV-DNA阴转率98％，HBeAg阴转率40％，ALT正常；对照组：HBV—DNA阴转率80％，HBeAg阴转率20％，ALT正常，治疗组HBV-DNA、HBeAg阴转率较对照组高，两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论拉米夫定联合左旋咪唑涂布剂对慢性乙型肝炎HBV-DNA、HBeAg阴转率随治疗时间延长明显提高，疗效优于单用拉米夫定，两者联合使用有利于乙肝病毒的清除。     

拉米夫定和干扰素联合序贯疗法治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的探讨拉米夫定和干扰素联合序贯疗法治疗慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）的疗效.方法 58例CHB患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组.治疗组28例,先用拉米夫定8周,再加用干扰素-α8周,然后停用拉米夫定,单用干扰素-α 16周.对照组30例单用干扰素-α 32周.定期检测肝功能、乙型肝炎病毒DNA.结果全部患者均完成32周治疗.治疗组与对照组抗病毒总有效率分别为71.4%和40.0%,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）.结论拉米夫定和干扰素-α联合序贯疗法治疗CHB能够提高干扰素-α的抗病毒疗效.     

拉米夫定与干扰素序贯治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨拉米夫定与α-2b干扰素序贯治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。方法:将76例HBeAg和HBV-DNA均阳性的慢性乙肝患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各38例,治疗组口服拉米夫定100mg,每日1次,6个月后,同时给予α-2b干扰素5MU,肌肉注射,隔日1次,治疗1个月后,停用拉米夫定,继续单独使用干扰素5个月;对照组单用拉米夫定100mg,每日1次口服,疗程12个月。两组患者治疗结束时及停药6个月检测肝功能、血常规、HBV标志物及HBV-DNA等指标变化,并观察有无不良反应。结果:治疗结束时ALT复常率治疗组和对照组分别为89.5%和86.8%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但随访6个月时ALT复常率治疗组和对照组分别为81.6%和55.3%,两组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗组治疗结束时及随访6个月时HBeAg阴转率分别为60.5%和57.9%,对照组分别为23.7%和21.0%(P<0.01);HBeAg转换率治疗组治疗结束时及随访6个月时分别为52.6%和52.6%,对照组分别为18.4%和18.4%(P<0.01);治疗结束时HBV-DNA阴转率治疗组和对照组分别为84.2%和81.6%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但随访6个月时治疗组和对照组分别为68.4%和42.1%(P<0.05)。结论:拉米夫定与干扰素序贯治疗慢性乙型肝炎能明显提高抗病毒疗效,持续应答优于单用拉米夫定治疗者。     

替比夫定联合胸腺肽α1治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的疗效观察

目的:观察和比较单用替比夫定与替比夫定联合胸腺肽α1治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的疗效.方法:将我科门诊42例HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者分成联合组和单用组.联合组22例,同时使用替比夫定及胸腺肽α1 52周.单用组20例,单用替比夫定600 mg/d,52周.定期检测肝功能复常率,HBV DNA转阴率,HBeAg/抗HBe血清转换率,两组在治疗结束时进行疗效评价.结果:两组肝功能复常率在26、52周差异无显著性(P＞0.05).联合组HBV DNA阴转率在24周时为72.4%,单用组为50%,两组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05),但在第52周(86.2%vs 60%)时,两组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).联合组与单用组HBeAg/抗HBe在第26周(31%vs10%),52周(44.8%vs 20%)时,两组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).两组治疗过程中,未发现明显副作用.结论:替比夫定联合胸腺肽α1治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎,安全性与耐受性良好,联合组在HBeAg/抗HBe血清转换率和HBV DNA转阴率的疗效上显著优于单用组.     

拉米夫定联合微卡、乙肝疫苗治疗慢性乙型肝炎31例

目的:观察拉米夫定(3 TC)联合微卡(冻干母牛分枝杆菌菌苗)、乙肝疫苗治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的疗效。 方法:61例CHB患者随机分成治疗组(3 TC联合微卡、乙肝疫苗)31例和对照组(单用3 TC)30例,观察两组患者 肝功能、HBV DNA、HBeAg的变化。结果:治疗组ALT复常率与对照组差异无显著性(P>0.05),治疗6个月时, 治疗组HBVDNA转阴率(90.3%)明显高于对照组(73.3%),但血清HBeAg转阴率(38.7%)与对照组(30.0%) 相比无统计学意义。治疗9个月时,治疗组HBVDNA转阴率(87.1%)、HBeAg转阴率(51.6%)均显著高于对照 组(分别为56.7%、20.0%)(P 0.05)。结论:拉米夫定联合微卡、乙肝疫苗治疗CHB较单用拉米夫定疗效更佳。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.