颅底肿瘤切除的手术人路选择初探

目的:探讨颅底肿瘤完整而安全切除的最佳手术入路.方法:对颅底肿瘤根据侵及区域不同,采用不同的手术径路,总共9例.其中3例采用经一侧上颌骨掀翻入路,1例采用经一侧腮腺颞下窝入路,1例采用下颌骨升支横行截骨,4例采用下颌骨颏孔前截骨外旋入路.结果:所有病例的颅底肿瘤,均被安全而完整地切除;其中1例是纤维血管瘤,1例高分化平滑肌肉瘤,2例非霍奇金恶性淋巴瘤,1例高分化鳞状上皮癌.2例平滑肌肉瘤,1例颈动脉体瘤,1例滑膜肉瘤,1例骨化纤维瘤.结论:最佳手术入路的选择应相对于颅底不同部位的肿瘤,针对特殊的解剖结构而选择.上颌骨掀翻入路是治疗中颅底或侧颅底,尤其是同时累及两个解剖区域以上病变时较好的选择.对于侧后颅底病变伴张口受限,面神经受侵犯者,可选择经腮腺颞下窝入路.肿瘤与颈动脉关系密切时采用下颌外旋入路较好.     

颅底肿瘤切除的手术入路选择初探

目的：探讨颅底肿瘤完整而安全切除的最佳手术入路。方法：对颅底肿瘤根据侵及区域不同,采用不同的手术径路,总共9例。其中3例采用经一侧上颌骨掀翻入路,1例采用经一侧腮腺颞下窝入路,1例采用下颌骨升支横行截骨,4例采用下颌骨颏孔前截骨外旋入路。结果：所有病例的颅底肿瘤,均被安全而完整地切除;其中1例是纤维血管瘤,1例高分化平滑肌肉瘤,2例非霍奇金恶性淋巴瘤,1例高分化鳞状上皮癌,2例平滑肌肉瘤,1例颈动脉体瘤,1例滑膜肉瘤,1例骨化纤维瘤。结论：最佳手术入路的选择应相对于颅底不同部位的肿瘤,针对特殊的解剖结构而选择。上颌骨掀翻入路是治疗中颅底或侧颅底,尤其是同时累及两个解剖区域以上病变时较好的选择。对于侧后颅底病变伴张口受限,面神经受侵犯者,可选择经腮腺颞下窝入路。肿瘤与颈动脉关系密切时采用下颌外旋入路较好。     

颧颞入路切除中颅底肿瘤

目的 探讨颧颞入路对中颅底肿瘤的疗效。方法 对中颅窝脑膜瘤 ,颅咽管癌、离膜肉瘤及神经鞘瘤各１例,采用颧颞入路手术,取下颧弓以扩大中颅窝底视野,对肿瘤长入后颅窝者,切开小脑天幕,切除天幕下肿瘤,对向前颅底及眶内生长者,以扩大的颧颞眶入路手术。结果 中颅底肿瘤全切６例,次全切３例,大部切除３例,肿瘤残留与肿瘤侵犯海绵窦、包绕颈内动脉、脑干受浸润有关。结论 颧颞入路可有效地适用于中颅底肿瘤切除术。     

显微手术切除颅底肿瘤178例

目的 探讨在显微手术条件下切除颅底肿瘤的手术入路.方法 总结178例颅底肿瘤的经验,讨论颅底不同部位手术入路特点,最大程度地切除肿瘤,尽量保护颅底、颅内重要结构,减少并发症.结果 前颅窝底肿瘤13例,全切13例;中颅窝底肿瘤107例,全切63例,次全切37例,死亡7例;后颅窝肿瘤58例,全切40例,次全切15例.结论 最佳手术入路的选择应相对于不同颅底部位的肿瘤,针对特殊的解剖结构而选择.合适的入路对手术的成功至关重要.     

Le FortⅠ经上颌入路切除颅底肿瘤

目的　介绍一种改良LeFortⅠ经上颌入路用于切除颅底中线区肿瘤。方法　使用LeFortⅠ经上颌入路和显微外科技术切除斜坡、鼻咽部和筛蝶窦广泛生长的 8例巨大颅底肿瘤。结果　 5例全切除 ,3例次全切除 ,临床症状得到改善 ,无严重并发症。结论　LeFortⅠ经上颌入路可以充分暴露和安全、有效地切除斜坡、鼻咽部和筛蝶窦广泛生长颅底中线区肿瘤     

Le Fort I经上颌入路切除颅底肿瘤

目的介绍一种改良Le Fort I经上颌入路用于切除颅底中线区肿瘤.方法使用Le Fort I经上颌入路和显微外科技术切除斜坡、鼻咽部和筛蝶窦广泛生长的8例巨大颅底肿瘤.结果5例全切除,3例次全切除,临床症状得到改善,无严重并发症.结论Le Fort I经上颌入路可以充分暴露和安全、有效地切除斜坡、鼻咽部和筛蝶窦广泛生长颅底中线区肿瘤.     

显微手术切除颅底肿瘤57例分析

起源于颅底部的肿瘤称为颅底肿瘤(craniobasal tumor,CBT)，其早期临床表现多较隐蔽，CBT来源于硬脑膜、颅底骨、颅神经、内听道、眼眶、副鼻窦、鼻咽部，少数由远隔组织器官通过血源性传播而来。由于颅底深结构复     

前颅底肿瘤12全手术体会

1　临床资料1.1　一般资料 :本组前颅底肿瘤 12例 ,男 8例 ,女 4例 ,年龄 2 8～ 6 9岁。均行 X线颅底片 CT或 MRI及脑血管造影检查。前颅窝鼻腔沟通性肿瘤 5例 ,前颅窝骨质破坏或伴眶板侵犯 7例。颅源性 7例 ,骨源性 3例 ,鼻源性 2例。病理性质 :脑膜瘤 6例 (脑膜内皮型 5例 ,恶性脑膜瘤 1例 )。骨瘤 3例 (骨化纤维瘤 2例 ,骨样骨瘤 1例 )。内翻性乳头状瘤恶变 1例 ,中分化鳞癌 2例。1.2　手术入路与方法 :所有病例均施行气管内插管静脉复合麻醉 ,开颅时快速静脉滴注 2 5%甘露醇 2 50 ml。根据病变范围手术入路分为 :1经颅入路 鼻侧切开…     

Anterior and middle skull base reconstruction after tumor resection

Background  Surgical management of skull base tumors is still challenging today due to its sophisticated operation procedure. Surgeons who specialize in skull base surgery are making endeavor to promote the outcome of patients with skull base tumor. A reliable skull base reconstruction after tumor resection is of paramount importance in avoiding life-threatening complications, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection. This study aimed at investigating the indication, operation approach and operation technique of anterior and middle skull base reconstruction.
Methods  A retrospective analysis was carried out on 44 patients who underwent anterior and middle skull base reconstruction in the Department of Neurosurgery at Beijing Tiantan Hospital between March 2005 and March 2008. Different surgical approaches were selected according to the different regions involved by the tumor. Microsurgery was carried out for tumor resection and combined endoscopic surgery was performed in some cases. According to the different locations and sizes of various defects after tumor resection, an individualized skull base soft tissue reconstruction was carried out for each case with artificial materials, pedicled flaps, free autologous tissue, and free vascularized muscle flaps, separately. A skull base bone reconstruction was carried out in some cases simultaneously.
Results  Soft tissue reconstruction was performed in all 44 cases with a fascia lata repair in 9 cases, a free vascularized muscle flap in 1 case, a pedicled muscle flap in 14 cases, and a pedicled periosteal flap in 20 cases. Skull base bone reconstruction was performed on 10 cases simultaneously. The materials for bone reconstruction included titanium mesh, free autogenous bone, and a Medpor implant. The result of skull base reconstruction was satisfactory in all patients. Postoperative early-stage complications occurred in 10 cases with full recovery after conventional treatment.
Conclusions  The specific characteristics of skull base defects in various regions require different reconstruction materials and methods. The individualized reconstruction based on different skull base defects can achieve satisfactory results.

     

上颌外旋及下颌外旋切除前中颅底、咽、咽旁间隙肿瘤的手术研究

目的 :探讨彻底切除前中颅底、咽、咽旁间隙肿瘤的理想手术入路。方法 :采用不同部位的上颌外旋入路切除 16例前、中颅底肿瘤 ,此 16例肿瘤均累及多区 ,范围广泛 ;采用下颌外旋入路治疗 2 6例鼻咽、口咽、咽旁及颅底肿瘤。结果 :16例上颌外旋术后随访 2～ 5年 ,生存 4年以上 3例 ,3年以上 6例 ,2年以上 6例 ,术后 1.5月死亡 1例。 2 6例下颌外旋术后随访 18个月～ 6年 ,4例良性肿瘤情况良好 ,无复发 ,2 2例恶性肿瘤中 ,2例 0 .5年内死亡 ,2例 1年余复发 ,1例术后 2年死于肺部转移 ,4例存活 5年以上 ,6例存活 4年以上 ,3例存活 3年以上 ,3例存活 2年以上 ,1例存活 1年以上。大部分病例仍在继续随访中。结论 :上颌外旋及下颌外旋入路是彻底切除前中颅底、咽、咽旁间隙肿瘤理想、可靠的手术入路     

Original article： Anterior and middle skull base reconstruction after tumor resection

Background Surgical management of skull base tumors is still challenging today due to its sophisticated operation procedure. Surgeons who specialize in skull base surgery are making endeavor to promote the outcome of patients with skull base tumor. A reliable skull base reconstruction after tumor resection is of paramount importance in avoiding life-threatening complications, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection. This study aimed at investigating the indication, operation approach and operation technique of anterior and middle skull base reconstruction. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 44 patients who underwent anterior and middle skull base reconstruction in the Department of Neurosurgery at Beijing Tiantan Hospital between March 2005 and March 2008. Different surgical approaches were selected according to the different regions involved by the tumor. Microsurgery was carried out for tumor resection and combined endoscopic surgery was performed in some cases. According to the different locations and sizes of various defects after tumor resection, an individualized skull base soft tissue reconstruction was carried out for each case with artificial materials, pedicled flaps, free autologous tissue, and free vascularized muscle flaps, separately. A skull base bone reconstruction was carried out in some cases simultaneously. Results Soft tissue reconstruction was performed in all 44 cases with a fascia lata repair in 9 cases, a free vascularized muscle flap in 1 case, a pedicled muscle flap in 14 cases, and a pedicled periosteal flap in 20 cases. Skull base bone reconstruction was performed on 10 cases simultaneously. The materials for bone reconstruction included titanium mesh, free autogenous bone, and a Medpor implant. The result of skull base reconstruction was satisfactory in all patients. Postoperative early-stage complications occurred in 10 cases with full recovery after conventional treatment. Conclusions The specific characteristics of skull base defects in various regions require different reconstruction materials and methods. The individualized reconstruction based on different skull base defects can achieve satisfactory results.     

内窥镜下经鼻筛窦入路切除前颅底肿瘤的应用解剖学研究

目的探讨鼻内窥镜相关的鼻窦前颅底区域应用解剖学,为鼻内窥镜前颅底手术提供解剖学参考。方法10具（20侧）成人湿尸头标本按照Messerklinger术式开放前后组筛窦,暴露并磨开前颅底,并对涉及的结构进行鼻内窥镜解剖学观察、测量和拍照。选15例临床垂体腺瘤患者头颅CT导航数据导航下进行该入路相关的骨性结构测量。结果鼻小柱基点及基线与各解剖结构的平均距离和夹角分别为：筛前动脉58mm±4.0mm,52．0°±5．5°;筛后动脉65．8mm±3．5mm,41．5°±3．5°筛板中部53．4mm±3．6mm,50．0°±4．5°;蝶筛交界处68．2mm±5．5mm,38．5°±3．5°;视神经管颅口76．4mm±3．3mm,33．5°±5．5;两侧眶内侧壁之间距离22．4mm±4．5mm;两侧视神经管颅口之间的距离17．3mm±2．4mm;额窦口与鞍结节之间的距离40．3mm±3．6mm。结论内窥镜下经鼻筛窦入路可以完全在内窥镜下比较容易到达前颅底区域,能够很好地暴露两侧眶内侧壁之间前达额窦口和后达蝶鞍的前颅底区域,能够充分显露和切除前颅底肿瘤。     

扩大经颅底入路治疗前颅窝病变

目的探讨扩大经颅底八路治疗前颅底病变的价值及局限性。方法采用扩大经颅底入路对10例前颅底病变进行手术。结果全切除6倒,大部切除2例,修补2例,手术效果好,无严重并发症,随访5～29mo,无明显复发。结论该入路宽阔显露前颅底平面,对前颅底中线部位病变,可以满意替代经面经颅入路。     

锁孔入路显微手术切除颅底肿瘤

目的 探讨锁孔入路显微手术切除颅底肿瘤的手术技巧和适应证。方法 分别经眶上、翼点、眉间、颞下和枕下乙状窦后锁孔入路采用显微外科技术切除颅底肿瘤18例，内窥镜辅助的显微外科技术切除颅底肿瘤4例。结果 肿瘤全切除13例，次全切除6例，大部分切除3例，无锁孔入路相关严重并发症和手术死亡。结论 锁孔入路显微手术切除颅底肿瘤具有创伤小、脑牵拉损伤轻、术后恢复快的优点，适合于病灶范围相对局限的颅底肿瘤。     

经颅眶颧弓入路显微外科治疗颅中窝内侧型肿瘤

目的　探讨经颅眶颧弓入路显微外科切除颅中窝内侧肿瘤的优越性及手术技巧。方法　经颅眶颧弓入路显微外科切除巨大颅中窝内侧型肿瘤 16例。观察术中显露情况及手术效果 ,并就该入路的优越性和手术技巧进行分析。结果　 16例病人中全切除 10例 ,大部切除 6例。术后恢复良好 ,无重要并发症。结论　采用经颅眶颧弓入路切除颅中窝内侧型巨大肿瘤具有显露良好、脑组织牵拉轻、操作方便等优点。     

侧颅底外科的历史与现状

侧颅底外科近年来越来越受到耳神经学科医师的重视,该文对侧颅底外科的历史、手术径路以及相关技术作一概述,使临床上对其有一个系统的认识。     

融合MRI与CT图像的多模态神经导航技术在颅底显微外科手术中的应用

目的：探讨融合MRI与CT图像的多模态神经导航技术在颅底显微外科手术中的应用效果。方法回顾性研究在本院神经外科2013年1月-2014年4月收治的14例颅底肿瘤患者的临床资料,所有患者均在融合MRI与CT图像的多模态神经导航技术指引下接受显微外科手术。评价肿瘤切除程度及术前、术后神经功能变化。结果14例中,近全切8例,次全切6例。术后3周,12例神经功能改善或同术前,2例神经功能下降,功能下降者行为状态评分(karnofsky performance scale,KPS)＞60,生活可自理。结论融合MRI与CT图像的多模态神经导航技术可为颅底显微外科手术提供全面的导航信息,提高了肿瘤切除程度及手术安全性。     

颅颌面联合手术治疗前颅底区肿瘤

目的 探讨前颅底肿瘤手术及术后颅底组织缺损修复方法。方法 对１９９２～１９９９年间我院收治的３５例患者的手术方法、手术效果、并发症、生存率、修复材料和方法等进行了回顾性分析。结果 本组并发症的发生率为１４．２９％（５／３５例）,３５例中良性肿瘤共１１例,１例死于术后脑水肿伴全身,余了０例随访７年皆健在。２４例恶性肿瘤患者的３年和５年生存率（按生命表法计算）分别为５８．０７％和３６．２９％。结论 采