基于时间序列数据的北京市卫生筹资水平、构成趋势研究

目的:分析评价北京市基于时间序列的卫生筹资总额、结构变化等。方法:卫生总费用筹资来源法。结果:2000—2016年北京市卫生筹资总额从166.72亿元增长到2 048.99亿元,平均增长速度为13.00%,人均卫生总费用从1 222.65元增长到9 429.73元,卫生总费用占GDP的比重从5.27%增长到7.98%,城乡居民就医负担总体呈下降趋势,但城乡差异较大。结论:北京市卫生总费用变化体现宏观政策变化,社会卫生支出高速增长,政府对卫生筹资贡献的影响力减弱,个人现金卫生支出占总筹资比重下降,城乡居民就医负担有所缓解。建议:保证政府卫生投入的可持续性,规范发展商业健康保险,引导社会资本流入医疗,拓宽社会筹资渠道,控制个人现金卫生支出占比。     

甘肃省卫生总费用筹资水平及结构分析

目的：运用筹资来源法对2003—2012年甘肃省卫生总费用进行测算,初步了解甘肃省卫生总费用筹资水平及结构,从宏观上分析政府、社会和个人筹资负担,为甘肃省制定和调整卫生政策提供科学的参考依据。方法根据研究目的,运用筹资来源法,查阅相关统计年鉴及统计公报,得到相关指标,建立相应的数据库,应用 Ex-cel、SPSS 19.0等软件对数据进行统计和分析。结果2003—2012年甘肃省卫生总费和人均卫生总费用呈逐年增加趋势,平均增长速度分别为21.02%和21.20%。2003—2012年政府卫生支出占卫生总费用比重由22.40%上升至37.97%;社会卫生支出所占比重有较小波动,总体上有所增加,2012年达到25.62%;个人卫生支出所占比重由2003年的53.85%降至2012年的36.41%。结论甘肃省卫生筹资水平不断提高,但人均卫生总费用偏低;卫生筹资结构有待完善,应建立长效的政府卫生投入机制;同时甘肃省应深化卫生总费用核算等工作。     

山东省卫生总费用核算与预测

目的：对山东省卫生总费用进行核算与预测,为建立卫生筹资策略和机制提供依据。方法：资料主要来源于1998—2009年山东省卫生财务、卫生统计和社会经济统计资料。运用筹资来源法对山东省卫生筹资进行系统测算,并开展国内外比较研究;运用指数平滑法,预测山东省卫生总费用未来发展趋势。结果：（1）1998—2009年,山东省卫生总费用从195.71亿元增加到1163.20亿元,人均卫生总费用从221.44元增加到1228.26元,卫生总费用占GDP的比例从2.79%增加到3.43%;（2）1998—2009年,按照国内口径,政府卫生支出和社会卫生支出占卫生总费用的比重分别从15.67%和28.93%增加到21.84%和36.85%,个人卫生支出比重从55.40%降低到41.31%;按照国际口径,广义政府卫生支出占卫生总费用的比重从36.95%增加到45.62%,私人卫生支出比重从63.05%降低到54.38%;（3）2015年和2020年,预测卫生总费用占GDP的比重分别达到4.01%和4.25%,个人卫生支出占卫生总费用比重分别降低至37.02%和35.47%。结论：（1）山东省卫生筹资水平较低;（2）山东省卫生筹资构成向着好的方向变化,但卫生筹资构成仍不合理,公共筹资不足、个人筹资较高。建议：努力筹集足够的卫生资金,提高卫生总费用占GDP的比重;加大政府卫生投入,降低个人筹资比例。     

2020年中国卫生总费用核算结果与分析

目的:核算2020年中国卫生总费用,分析“十三五”时期中国卫生筹资取得的成绩,总结当前中国卫生筹资面临的主要问题,提出完善卫生筹资体系的政策建议。方法:采用来源法和机构法核算卫生费用,采用时间序列的指标分析法分析中国卫生总费用变化情况。结果:2020年中国卫生总费用为72 175.00亿元,占GDP比重为7.12%,人均卫生总费用为5 112.34元。其中,个人卫生支出占卫生总费用比重降至27.65%,实现了“十三五”规划目标;政府卫生支出占比升至30.40%;社会卫生支出占比降至41.94%。“十三五”期间,中国卫生总费用年均增长9.60%。结论:“十三五”期间,中国卫生总费用保持较快增长,筹资结构明显优化。受新冠肺炎疫情影响,政府卫生投入大幅增长,个人卫生支出相对比重下降明显,但未来政府卫生投入可持续性面临较大挑战,需促进多层次医疗保障体系发展,提升筹资保障水平与人民群众获得感。     

山东省2010年卫生总费用筹资水平与结构分析

目的分析山东省卫生费用的筹资来源,讨论存在的问题并提出相应对策。方法对山东省2010年的卫生总费用进行了测算,即按照卫生资金的筹资渠道与筹资形式收集卫生总费用数据,采用筹资来源法测算全社会卫生筹资总额,并与上年及全国水平进行比较。文中数据均以当年价格为基准,并未排除价格因素的影响,对于筹资结构分析中的相关指标采用的是统计学上的构成比。结果 2010年山东省卫生总费用较上年总体呈现增长趋势,筹资总额达1 345.30亿元,政府、社会、居民个人现金卫生支出分别占24.34%、36.94%、38.72%。2010年山东省卫生总费用占国内生产总值(grossdomestic prodact,GDP)比重和人均卫生总费用均低于全国水平。结论应适当提高卫生总费用占GDP的比例,加大政府和社会的卫生投入力度,降低居民个人现金卫生支出,建立合理的卫生筹资机制。     

安徽省卫生总费用筹资来源测算结果分析

利用卫生总费用筹资来源法对安徽省卫生总费用进行测算。结果表明：1995－1998年间安徽省卫生总费用快速增长,且快于国民经济的增长幅度,政府预算卫生支出和社会卫生支出所占比例逐年下降,政府财政支出增长率快于政府预算卫生支出增长率;城乡居民个人卫生支出比例逐年上升,城乡居民个人卫生支出增长明显快于人均收入和人均生活消费支出的增长。建议控制过快增长的卫生总费用,降低居民个人医疗费用负担,加大政府卫生投入,完善卫生总费用核算体系。     

新疆生产建设兵团农八师石河子垦区2011年卫生总费用核算结果与分析

[目的]对农八师卫生总费用的筹资水平、结构及分配状况进行描述性分析,为制定和评价卫生政策提供依据。[方法]运用卫生总费用的筹资来源法和机构流向法,进行描述性分析和比较。[结果]2011年八师卫生总费用19.09亿元,卫生总费用占GDP的比重为8.11%,人均卫生费用3,057.48元;政府卫生支出为6.47亿元,占总费用的33.89%,社会及居民个人卫生支出占总费用额比重分别为41.33%、27.48%;政府卫生支出占GDP的比重为2.75%,人均政府卫生支出1,036.15元;分配总额18.24亿元中,医疗机构占81.45%,公共卫生机构占4.62%。[结论]筹资水平尚可,筹资结构合理,卫生费用机构配置不甚合理,应合理配置卫生资源,加强基层医疗服务体系建设,合理调整各级政府对卫生的投入。     

2013年中国卫生总费用核算结果与分析

目的:核算2013年全国及各地区卫生总费用,分析中国卫生筹资状况及变化趋势。方法:采用来源法和机构法卫生费用核算方法。结果:2013年中国卫生总费用为31 668.95亿元,占GDP比重为5.57%。其中,政府卫生支出比重上升到30.14%,个人卫生支出比重下降到33.88%。结论:2009—2013年,卫生总费用增速明显快于国民经济增长,个人卫生支出比重下降速度趋缓,地方政府卫生支出增速自2012年后明显下降。     

1998—2010 年山东省卫生总费用筹资状况分析

目的 分析山东省1998-2010年卫生总费用主要构成及其变化趋势,提出改善卫生筹资的建议.方法:运用筹资来源法对山东省1998-2010年的卫生总费用进行了测算,并对测算结果进行分析.结果:山东省卫生总费用和人均卫生总费用呈现逐年增长趋势,个人卫生支出从55.40％～38.72％,结构不太合理.结论:建议适当提高卫生总费用占GDP的比例,加大政府卫生投入力度,降低居民个人卫生支出,建立合理的卫生筹资机制.     

中国西部卫生总费用比较分析

[目的]对2012-2020年中国西部卫生总费用筹资现状与结构进行分析,为完善西部地区卫生筹资政策提供参考和依据。[方法]选取2012-2020年西部地区卫生总费用核算数据进行纵向和横向对比分析。[结果]西部地区卫生总费用持续增长,其中人均卫生总费用增长了近2.46倍;2019年东部卫生总费用是西部的1.96倍,但个人卫生支出占比仅相差0.59%;西部个人卫生支出总体呈下降趋势,7个省市及自治区个人卫生支出占比已降至28%以下。[结论]西部地区卫生筹资的总体水平相对较低,政府和社会卫生支出占比偏低,个人卫生支出占比仍然较高。应继续加大对西部地区的政府卫生投入,拓宽社会筹资渠道,控制卫生总费用的增长,推进公立医院改革。     

The Impact of Medical Home on Selected Children's Health Outcome

Medical Home practice has been shown to deliver effective health care to children. This practice model calls for providing patient-centered care that is compassionate, culturally effective, coordinated, integrated, safe, of high quality, and accessible. This study shows that children in the states with a higher amount of Medical Home received childhood vaccinations at a higher rate than others. However, Medical Home had a limited effect on the rate of children receiving dental/medical services, mental health services, or number of overweight children.     

The Communication Infrastructure as a Social Determinant of Health: Implications for Health Policymaking and Practice

Policy Points

• Persistent communication inequalities limit racial/ethnic minority access to life‐saving health information and make them more vulnerable to the effects of misinformation.
•  Establishing data collection systems that detect and track acute gaps in the supply and/or access of racial/ethnic minority groups to credible health information is long overdue.
• Public investments and support for minority‐serving media and community outlets are needed to close persistent gaps in access to credible health information.

     

我国卫生支出经费来源的结构分析

本文着重从卫生经济学角度对我国九十年代的卫生总费用来源变化情况进行实证分析,提出：随着市场经济的发展,我国的卫生经费来源结构也发生了相应的变化,已经由过去的单一国家投入变成了现在的多元化投入相结合的涛资模式。出现了政府预算卫生支出的规模和力度相对减弱,公共卫生服务经费的增长速度低于政府预算卫生支出增长速度,企业效益持续滑坡,无力支付日益膨胀的劳保医疗费用,居民个人卫生支出的负担比例增长过快等新情况     

瑞安市不同人群健康教育效果调查分析

目的了解瑞安市现阶段的健康教育与健康促进的总体情况,探索适宜的健康教育工作模式。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法以问卷的形式进行调查。分别对瑞安市小学生、中学生和国家工作人员等6大类2 800人的健康知识、健康行为、健康状况及健康信息需求4大方面的内容做调查研究。结果健康知识知晓率和健康行为形成率:最高的是国家工作人员,分别为82.77%和81.11%。健康状况:53.60%的企业员工感觉睡眠质量好或很好,22.00%的老年人睡眠质量差或很差;46.47%的小学生感觉心情好或很好;24.05%的中学生表示不能应付压力;60.00%的国家工作人员体重正常;38.57%的育龄妇女超重或肥胖。健康信息需求方面:71.96%的人通过电视获取卫生保健信息;小学生最想拥有食品安全与传染病防治知识;中学生最想拥有心理卫生与青春期保健知识;企业员工最想拥有急救与预防意外伤害知识;老年人最想拥有慢性病防治知识。讨论被调查人群的健康知识知晓率与健康行为形成率都低于国家卫生部《疾病预防控制工作绩效考核》的指标要求。调查人群健康状况总体良好,但仍有很多问题值得关注。电视、报刊仍是各类人群获取健康信息的主要途径。6类人群对健康信息内容的需求各不相同,食品安全、传染病防治、急救预防、意外伤害及心理健康等内容普遍受关注。     

Policy Commercializing Nonprofits in Health: The History of a Paradox From the 19th Century to the ACA

Policy Points:

• Health policy in the United States has, for more than a century, simultaneously and paradoxically incentivized the growth as well as the commercialization of nonprofit organizations in the health sector.
• This policy paradox persists during the implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010.

Context

For more than a century, policy in the United States has incentivized both expansion in the number and size of tax-exempt nonprofit organizations in the health sector and their commercialization. The implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) began yet another chapter in the history of this policy paradox.

Methods

This article explores the origin and persistence of the paradox using what many scholars call “interpretive social science.” This methodology prioritizes history and contingency over formal theory and methods in order to present coherent and plausible narratives of events and explanations for them. These narratives are grounded in documents generated by participants in particular events, as well as conversations with them, observing them in action, and analysis of pertinent secondary sources. The methodology achieves validity and reliability by gathering information from multiple sources and making disciplined judgments about its coherence and correspondence with reality.

Findings

A paradox with deep historical roots persists as a result of consensus about its value for both population health and the revenue of individuals and organizations in the health sector. Participants in this consensus include leaders of governance who have disagreed about many other issues. The paradox persists because of assumptions about the burden of disease and how to address it, as well as about the effects of biomedical science that is translated into professional education, practice, and the organization of services for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of illness.

Conclusions

The policy paradox that has incentivized the growth and commercialization of nonprofits in the health sector since the late 19th century remains influential in health policy, especially for the allocation of resources. However, aspects of the implementation of the ACA may constrain some of the effects of the paradox.     

社区健康小屋对部队卫生服务建设启示

健康小屋作为一种系统、全面的健康自测体系,对社区卫生服务建设发挥着重要作用。一定程度上,部队相当于一个封闭的社区,基层部队卫生机构相当于营区里的社区卫生服务站点,在部队中进行健康小屋的建设,可以更好地发展和完善部队卫生服务。     

SCHIP Directors' Perception of Schools Assisting Students in Obtaining Public Health Insurance

Background:  Health insurance coverage increases access to health care. There has been an erosion of employer-based health insurance and a concomitant rise in children covered by public health insurance programs, yet more than 8 million children are still without health insurance coverage.
Methods:  This study was a national survey to assess the perceptions of State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) directors (N = 51) regarding schools assisting students in obtaining public health insurance. This study examined the perceived benefits of and barriers to working with school systems and the perceived benefits to schools in assisting students to enroll in SCHIPs and what SCHIP activities were actually being conducted with school systems.
Results:  The majority (78%) of SCHIPs had been working with school systems for more than a year. Perceived benefits of working with schools were greater access to SCHIP-eligible children (75%), assistance with meeting mandates to cover all SCHIP-eligible children (65%), and greater ability of state agencies to identify SCHIP-eligible children (58%). A majority of the directors did not identify any of the potential barrier items. The directors cited the following benefits to schools in helping enroll students in public health insurance programs: reduces the number of students with untreated health problems (80%), reduces student absenteeism rates (68%), improves student attention and concentration during school (58%), and reduces the number of students being held back in school because of health problems (53%).
Discussion:  The perceived benefits derived from schools assisting in enrolling eligible students into SCHIPs are congruent with the mission of schools. Schools need to become proactive in helping to establish a healthy student body, which is more likely to be an academically successful body.