Long-term survival after multidisciplinary therapy for brain metastases from asymptomatic esophageal adenocarcinoma

Asymptomatic T1 (invaded submucosa) esophageal carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the brain. A 53-year-old Japanese man complaining of right hemiparesis and convulsion was admitted to our hospital. Brain imaging demonstrated a ring-like, enhanced brain tumor in the left parietal lobe. The pathological findings of the resected tumor were consistent with a metastatic adenocarcinoma from the gastrointestinal tract. Additional examinations revealed an elevated-type tumor in the lower third of the thoracic esophagus. The patient underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy with lymph node dissection followed by reconstruction with gastric tube substitution. The immunohistochemical findings of the resected specimen were similar to those of the metastatic brain tumor. Although the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil, docetaxel plus cisplatin), a solitary small brain metastasis was detected 4 months after esophagectomy. Excision of the sequential metastases with whole-brain radiation therapy and gamma-knife therapy were performed. The patient survived for 50 months after beginning the initial treatment. This report describes a rare case of brain metastases from T1 esophageal adenocarcinoma in a patient without gastrointestinal symptoms.     

A rare case of advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma with exceedingly long-segment Barrett’s esophagus

A 71-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with dysphagia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed severe stenosis between 26 and 36 cm from the incisors, and biopsy specimens taken from the stenotic lesion showed well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. A long-segment Barrett’s esophagus (LSBE) between 25 and 40 cm from the incisors was diagnosed. Subtotal esophagectomy with right thoracotomy was performed. Pleural tumor dissemination was seen 7 months later and was treated with chemotherapy. However, the patient died 14 months postoperatively. In Western countries, the incidence of adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus is high, but in Japan, the incidence is very low. In Japan, the incidence of short-segment Barrett’s esophagus is high, but that of LSBE is very low. We herein report esophageal adenocarcinoma in an exceedingly long LSBE of 15 cm.     

Bronchial bleeding caused by recurrent pneumonia after radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer

We herein report a case of bronchial bleeding afterradical esophagectomy that was treated with lobectomy.A 65-year-old male who underwent subtotal esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection for esophageal carcinoma was referred to our hospital because of sudden hemoptysis.After the esophagectomy,bilateral vocal cord paralysis was observed,and the patient suffered from repeated episodes of aspiration pneumonia.Bronchoscopy revealed hemosputum in the right middle lobe bronchus,and contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed tortuous arteries arising from the right inferior phrenic artery and left subclavian artery toward the right middle lobe bronchus.Although bronchial arterial embolization was performed twice to control the recurrent hemoptysis,the procedures were unsuccessful.Right middle lobectomy was therefore performed via video-assisted thoracic surgery.Engorged bronchial arterys with medial hypertrophy and overgrowth of the small branches were noted near the bronchus in the resected specimen.The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on postoperative day 14.     

Endoscopic removal of a large hyperplastic (inflammatory) polyp in esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy

Hyperplastic (inflammatory) polyp (HP) is uncommon in the esophagus and esophagogastric junction. We report a case of HP arising in the esophagogastric anastomosis 2 years after esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a 64-year-old woman. The lesion was resected endoscopically. The histopathological diagnosis was HP. There has been no evidence of carcinoma or HP for more than 6 years after initial surgery. This is the first reported case of HP arising in an esophagogastric anastomosis after esophageal surgery that was successfully treated by endoscopic resection.     

Salvage esophagectomy through a transhiatal approach for cancer of the thoracic esophagus after left pneumonectomy for lung cancer

Here we report on a 54-year-old man who had undergone left pneumonectomy for a primary lung cancer 25 years earlier and who underwent salvage blunt esophagectomy for a recurrent esophageal cancer after definitive chemoradiotherapy. The patient received chemoradiotherapy for a cancer in the upper thoracic esophagus at the clinical stage IA (T1bN0M0) because of a past history of left pneumonectomy for lung cancer, and the esophageal cancer showed complete response. At 1 year after chemoradiotherapy, local recurrence was found in the upper thoracic esophagus. Although chemotherapy using docetaxel was administered, this was not effective. Transhiatal esophagectomy as salvage surgery was successfully done by a combination of laparo-mediastinoscopy assisted blunt dissection with the eversion stripping method. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient died of lung and brain metastasis at 23 months after the salvage surgery. Transhiatal esophagectomy may be an option as a salvage esophagectomy in cases with a history of major lung surgery.     

Primary adenocarcinoma arising in esophageal colon interposition: report of a case

Colon interposition has become a favored technique for esophageal reconstruction. We report a 79-year-old man with primary adenocarcinoma arising in the interposed colon 30 years after esophageal reconstruction for esophageal cancer. The occurrence of a carcinoma in a colon removed from its natural location and serving a different function suggests this rise in incidence may result from the action of carcinogens on colonic cells over an increasing period.     

A case of sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma diagnosed as facial cutaneous metastasis for survival after operation for 37 months

Cutaneous metastasis of an internal malignancy is uncommon and is estimated to occur in 0.7–9% of patients with internal cancer including autopsy cases. We would like to report a case of long survival of sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma diagnosed as an instance of facial cutaneous metastasis. A 68-year-old male was admitted to our hospital for a tumor mass on the left side of his cheek. In his past history, acute myocardial infarction had occurred 2 years earlier. He also had chronic renal failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Histologic findings from the biopsy sample of this facial lesion were moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Colonoscopy revealed a tumor 20 mm × 30 mm in diameter in the sigmoid colon. Histologic findings of the biopsy sample of this tumor also indicated moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient was diagnosed with sigmoid colon cancer with cutaneous metastasis to the face. We performed a sigmoidectomy with lymph node dissection and resection of the facial cutaneous metastasis. After being discharged, low dose chemotherapy was performed in consideration of the patient's renal function. Although long-term management of his general condition was provided, the patient died 37 months after surgery because of chronic heart failure.     

Sialadenoma Papilliferum of the Esophagus

Sialadenoma papilliferum is an extremely rare benign tumor of the esophagus. We report a 70-yr-old woman who was first thought to have adenocarcinoma in the distal esophagus. Transhiatal esophagectomy and left colon interposition were performed. The pathological diagnosis of Sialadenoma papilliferum of the esophagus arising in the submucosal gland ducts was confirmed after surgery.     

Barrett’s adenocarcinoma arising 30 years after a Nissen fundoplication

Anti-reflux surgery (ARS) for reflux esophagitis is believed to inhibit the progression of Barrett’s epithelium (BE), although there is still a chance that Barrett’s adenocarcinoma will develop following ARS. Here, we relate our experience of a patient who developed a Barrett’s adenocarcinoma despite undergoing ARS. The patient was a 60-year-old male who underwent a Nissen fundoplication 30 years ago due to reflux esophagitis. Endoscopic examination revealed that there was a protruding tumor in the lower thoracic esophagus. The pathological diagnosis of the biopsied specimen was adenocarcinoma. We performed a subtotal esophagectomy with a lymph node dissection and reconstructed the esophagus with an ileocolic interposition. Postoperative pathological diagnosis showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with a BE section. Six lymph nodes were positive for metastasis. The postoperative course was uneventful. Our case suggests that careful surveillance of patients who underwent ARS a long time ago is needed.     

A case of primary adenocarcinoma of the cervical esophagus arising from the ectopic gastric mucosa

Adenocarcinoma of the cervical esophagus arising from the ectopic gastric mucosa is a rare form of tumor, and only 25 cases have been reported previously. We present a case of a 74-year-old man who complained of dysphagia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed an elevated lesion located on the right posterior wall of the cervical and upper thoracic esophagus. Total esophagectomy and three-field lymph node dissection was performed. The tumor was 7.3 cm × 4.5 cm in size and of an ulcerative and localized type. Microscopic examination revealed a papillary adenocarcinoma with invasion to the adventitial layer. Its origin was diagnosed as ectopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus, which lay adjacent to the tumor.     

Post-esophagectomy chylothorax successfully treated with the combination of thoracic duct clipping and octreotide administration

We herein describe the case of a 61-year-old man with stage II esophageal cancer who experienced chylothorax after esophagectomy. He was successfully treated with thoracic duct clipping and octreotide administration. Previously the patient had had a head and neck cancer treated with multimodality treatment: neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy, operation, and adjuvant CRT. Then, esophagectomy with lymph node dissection without resection of the thoracic duct was performed via a right thoraco-abdominal approach. On postoperative day 1, enteral nutrition was started. On day 5, the chest tube drainage increased to 2000?ml per day. On day 7, the drainage fluid increased to 3000?ml per day, and its color turned cloudy white. We then performed lymphoscintigraphy and diagnosed the patient as having chylothorax. Immediately we administered intermittent subcutaneous octreotide 100???g?×?3 per day; however, it could not stop the leakage. On day 13, we performed an operation: a fat-rich supplement was administered through the jejunostomy tube before the operation, the thoracic duct injury was readily identified, and we clipped the thoracic duct in the superior mediastinum, followed by 300???g per day octreotide treatment. On day 16, however, 400?ml per day of chyle leaked from the drain again, and we increased the dose of octreotide to 600???g per day. On day 18, the drainage stopped, and the patient was discharged on day 38. Octreotide administration combined with surgical treatment should be considered as a treatment option for chylothorax, which is a rare complication of esophagectomy.     

Colonic adenocarcinoma occurring in an Indiana pouch

Colonic adenocarcinoma has been frequently reported after ureterosigmoidostomy based on carcinogenic substances created when feces and urine are mixed. However, colonic adenocarcinoma has never been reported arising in an Indiana pouch after cystectomy. We report a case of adenocarcinoma arising in a urinary pouch after cystectomy for transitional cell cancer. We believe this to be caused by hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (an autosomal dominant syndrome that puts individuals at risk for genitourinary, colonic, and several other cancers) rather than carcinogenic effects of urine on colonic mucosa. When planning urinary reconstruction after cystectomy for malignancy, it is important to consider the possibility that an individual may suffer from hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer before selecting the colon as a urinary reservoir.Presented at the Vermont Chapter of the American College of Surgeons, Woodstock, Vermont, March 17, 1999.     

Pulmonary metastasectomy for metachronous metastasis of esophageal cancer after esophagectomy

Background and objective

Pulmonary metastasectomy is a standard therapy for some types of metastatic lesions in the lung. Although the prognosis for esophageal cancer patients with pulmonary metastasis is poor, it has been reported that some post-esophagectomy patients have good prognosis after pulmonary metastasectomy. We investigated the role of resecting pulmonary metastases arising from esophageal cancer at our institution.

Patients and methods

Seven patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the thoracic esophagus who underwent resection of metachronous pulmonary metastases at our institution between 2006 and 2012 were identified from a retrospective database. All patients had undergone curative resection of their primary esophageal carcinoma.

Results

Six patients had unilateral and solitary lung metastasis. One patient presented with one metastatic lesion on each side, and he underwent 4 metastasectomy for pulmonary metastasis 3 times. There was no perioperative morbidity or mortality. The disease-free interval after esophagectomy ranged from 191 to 559 days (median, 463 days). Survival after pulmonary metastasectomy ranged from 357 to 3191 days (median, 1803 days). Three patients received systemic chemotherapy before metastasectomy. Currently, 5 patients are alive without evidence of recurrent disease.

Conclusion

Pulmonary metastasectomy may be acceptable as a part of multimodal treatment for solitary metachronous pulmonary metastasis in esophageal carcinoma.

     

GNAS-mutated carcinoma arising from gastric foveolar metaplasia in the duodenum after 9 years of observation

This case involved an 80-year-old man. Screening with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in 2004 revealed Brunner’s gland hyperplasia (BGH), 5 mm in size, in the duodenal bulb. The size of the lesion increased and its shape has changed since then, as detected in subsequent EGDs. The lesion had increased in size to 15 mm with a depression and biopsy specimens revealed an adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent endoscopic mucosal resection. Histopathological assessments indicated an adenocarcinoma arising from gastric foveolar metaplasia (GFM) adjacent to BGH. BGH stained positive for MUC6, and GFM and the adenocarcinoma stained positive for MUC5AC. Mutations of the GNAS gene were not detected in the GFM biopsied in 2007. On the other hand, common GNAS mutations (R201H) were detected in GFM and the adenocarcinoma in the endoscopically resected specimen in 2013. Moreover, mutant allele frequencies were higher in the carcinoma than in GFM. The patient remains disease-free for 4 years after endoscopic treatment. This case report further supports the notion that GFM may be a precursor lesion in the process of GNAS-mutated, gastric-type duodenal carcinogenesis.     

ADENOCARCINOMA IN SITU ARISING FROM THE ECTOPIC SUBMUCOSAL CARDIAC GLANDS OF SHORT‐SEGMENT BARRETT's EPITHELIUM

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagocardiac junction is a condition difficult to define. It is often necessary to differentiate between esophagocardiac junctional adenocarcinoma and carcinoma in Barrett's esophagus. We herein report a case of an 83‐year‐old Japanese man with adenocarcinoma in situ arising from ectopic submucosal cardiac glands in short‐segment Barrett's epithelium, associated with squamous cell carcinoma. Despite the visualization of a nodule in short‐segment Barrett's epithelium, we diagnosed the present case as one of esophagocardiac junctional cancer arising from ectopic submucosal cardiac glands, using Alcian‐blue staining.     

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the colon in a patient with von Recklinghausen’s disease: report of a case

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) arising from the colon is an extremely rare clinical entity. We report one such case of an adult female with neurofibromatosis type I who presented with pain and a lump in her abdomen. A computed tomographic scan revealed a 10 × 8-cm mass in the splenic flexure of her colon that was compressing its lumen, but the results of a colonoscopy were normal. Segmental resection of the left colon was performed based on the clinical possibility of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. However, on histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining, the final diagnosis came out to be MPNST. This case highlights that, although rare, the possibility of MPNST should be considered when dealing with extramucosal colonic wall tumors.     

Vimentin-positive gastric adenocarcinoma arising in a hyperplastic polyp

We report a case of vimentin-positive early gastric adenocarcinoma arising in a hyperplastic polyp (HP). A 72-year-old Japanese man was admitted for the detailed examination of a gastric polyp. He had a subtotal gastrectomy due to acute abdomen 12 years ago. Upper endoscopy revealed a pedunculated polyp measuring approximately 2 cm on the greater curvature of upper body of the remnant stomach. Magnifying endoscopy revealed that the microsurface pattern was irregular and partially absent accompanied with irregular microvessels at the upper end of the polyp. We speculated that the lesion was an adenocarcinoma arising in the HP. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed. Histological examination of the ESD specimen revealed that the lesion consisted of well- to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma at the protruding lesion and foveolar hyperplastic epithelia at the base of the polyp. Immunohistochemically, most of tumor cells that comprised poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma were positive for both cytokeratin and vimentin. Although carcinomas have occasionally been found in HPs, the histological features of the present case are considered extremely unusual. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of vimentin-positive early gastric carcinoma arising in a HP.     

Adenocarcinoma of oesophagus metastasising to the subcutaneous soft tissue

Skin and subcutaneous metastases are uncommon, and mostly originating from cancers of the breast, kidney, colon, lung, and melanoma. Oesophageal cancers rarely metastasise to the skin and subcutaneous soft tissue. Skin and subcutaneous metastases are associated with dismal prognosis. Only few related case reports have been published so far. In this report, we describe a 52 year old patient with lower oesophageal adenocarcinoma who developed subcutaneous metastasis, 9 months after neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by trans-hiatal esophagectomy.     

Adenocarcinoma arising in a sigmoid diverticulum: Report of a case

Summary A case of adenocarcinoma arising in a sigmoid diverticulum is presented. A patient who had colonic diverticulosis was found to have one diverticular lumen distended by tumor mass. Microscopically, this was seen to be adenocarcinoma arising from the diverticular mucosa. Apparently, this is the first reported case of adenocarcinoma arising in an intact diverticulum of the colon.     

Adenocarcinoma arising from heterotopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus and upper thoracic esophagus: two case reports and literature review

Primary adenocarcinoma arising from heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) is rare and the clinicopathological characteristics are not well known. We present two cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma arising from HGM with a review of a case series. Case 1 was a 78-year-old woman who underwent a periodic medical examination without complaining of any symptoms. Preoperative evaluation suggested esophageal adenocarcinoma arising from the HGM. The patient was treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection. Definitive pathological diagnosis confirmed adenocarcinoma arising from the HGM. Case 2 was a 70-year-old man who underwent a medical examination after complaining of dysphagia. Preoperative diagnosis suggested esophageal adenocarcinoma; however, its origin was unclear. The patient was treated with surgical resection. Definitive pathological diagnosis revealed adenocarcinoma arising from the HGM. In this article, the authors report the clinicopathological features of esophageal adenocarcinoma arising from HGM that were collected from a literature review and our cases.