护生安全注射知信行问卷的编制及信效度评价

目的 编制护生安全注射知信行问卷,并进行信效度评价,为评估护生安全注射提供一个有效的测评工具.方法 回顾相关文献、结合半结构访谈法和德尔菲法编制护生安全注射知信行问卷,分层随机抽取黑龙江省4所医院390名护生进行预调查,运用多种条目筛选和信效度检验的方法对问卷进行分析,验证该问卷结构的合理性.结果 问卷包括知识、信念、行为3个维度,共62个条目.总问卷和各维度的Cronbach α系数分别为0.918、0.850、0.849、0.889;重测信度分别为0.949、0.869、0.853、0.895;总问卷和各维度的内容效度分别为0.953、0.963、0.976、0.946,各条目内容效度均在0.855以上;各维度之间相关系数为0.136~0.386,各维度与问卷总分之间的相关系数为0.580~0.794;探索性因子分析中各维度分别提取4、5、5个公因子,累积贡献率分别为59.492%、62.366%、58.951%;验证性因子分析所得指标均符合要求.结论 护生安全注射知信行问卷具有良好的信效度,可作为测评护生安全注射有效的工具.     

育龄妇女人工流产知识和态度问卷的研制及信效度检验

目的研制用于评估育龄妇女人工流产知识和态度的调查工具,并检验信效度。方法基于文献和指南的回顾,研读已有调查工具,筛选条目形成《育龄妇女人工流产知识和态度调查问卷》初稿,采用专家咨询法评价问卷的条目设置及内容效度,预调查进行语义调试形成修订版问卷。2016年11-12月,便利抽样法选取在某三级甲等医院妇科诊疗室行人工流产的育龄妇女进行问卷调查,利用有效回收的170份问卷进行项目分析、内部一致性信度、结构效度检验。结果经专家咨询及预调查形成包含两个维度7个条目的人工流产知识分问卷及单维度4个条目的人工流产态度分问卷。项目分析结果显示,两个分问卷各条目均有较好鉴别力。条目的内容效度指数为0.88~1.00。探索性因子分析结果显示,知识分问卷提取2个因子,累积方差贡献率58.11%,态度分问卷提取出一个因子,累积方差贡献率57.22%。验证性因子分析结果显示,两个分问卷的各拟合指标基本达到拟合标准。知识分问卷及其两个因子的Cronbachα系数分别为0.734、0.811和0.570;态度分问卷Cronbachα系数为0.691。结论育龄妇女人工流产知识和态度调查问卷信效度较好,可作为相关研究的测量工具。     

Development and validation of a Chinese‐language instrument measuring empowerment needs of patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention

Patient empowerment has been shown to have some positive impacts on self‐efficacy, self‐esteem, and recovery. However, information about the empowerment needs of patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention is scarce. The aim of this study was to develop a Chinese‐language instrument to measure empowerment needs of such patients. The initial instrument was generated based on a literature review and interviews with patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention procedure. Content validity was tested with a panel of experts using the Delphi method. In total, 226 patients were recruited for psychometric tests using the revised instrument. Expert authority coefficient was 0.92, and content validity index was 0.95. The internal consistency reliability was demonstrated by Cronbach's α coefficients (0.86 for the total score, 0.66–0.74 for the dimensions). The newly developed 19‐item, five‐dimension instrument has shown satisfactory validity (face/content validity and construct validity) and internal consistency reliability. The instrument could help clinical nurses who have close contact with patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention to gain a better understanding of their empowerment needs and could help develop appropriate health education to address such needs.     

Health care workers' knowledge of hepatitis C and attitudes towards patients with hepatitis C: a pilot study.

A questionnaire was developed to determine health care workers' (HCWs) knowledge of, and attitudes towards, hepatitis C in order to inform an education strategy to prevent discrimination towards hepatitis C-positive patients. The study's aim was to determine the questionnaire's reliability and validity. Fifty-eight of 100 questionnaires distributed to HCWs were returned. The internal consistency of the scale was 0.7 following the removal of one item. The face validity of the instrument was high. It was found that a number of demographic variables impacted on HCWs' level of knowledge regarding hepatitis C and their willingness to care for patients with hepatitis C. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to clarify these issues.     

Readiness to change for interprofessional collaboration in healthcare: Development and validation of a theory-based instrument

This paper presents a study that aimed to develop and validate a theory-based instrument for the assessment of readiness to change for interprofessional collaboration in healthcare (IPC-TTM). The instrument was developed in the Persian language and tested in the Iranian context. Healthcare professionals from medical and nursing professions participated in the assessment of validity and reliability of the instrument. We conducted this psychometric study in two phases: First, the questionnaire was developed based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) through literature review and expert panel. Then, in the validation phase, we held three modified Delphi rounds to assess the content and face validity of the questionnaire. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate the fit of the questionnaire as applied to modified TTM. Reliability of the final instrument was tested by assessing the test-retest reliability of instrument items with Kappa coefficient. We also calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha to assess the test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the instrument sub-scales. The initial item pool consisted of 30 items and three sub-scales (Attitude, Intention, and Action). The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed with 17 items. Based on the CFA results two additional items were deleted to increase the fit of the model. The final instrument was confirmed with 15 items and three sub-scales. Reliability assessment on the 15-item instrument showed an acceptable test-retest reliability of the instrument items. ICC values for the Attitude, Intention, and Action sub-scales of the instrument were calculated as 0.82, 0.73, and 0.71, respectively. Moreover, Cronbach’s alpha for the Attitude, Intention, and Action sub-scales were 0.85, 0.73, and 0.77, respectively. This study offers a new theory-based instrument to measure readiness to change for interprofessional collaboration in healthcare in the Iranian context. The questionnaire can be used for ‘needs assessment’ in developing tailored educational interventions and self-assessments in interprofessional education studies.     

Development and testing of the Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scale.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) knowledge as well as compliance are considered to be underlying mechanisms of the effects of HF management programs. However, there are no valid and reliable measurement instruments available which measures knowledge of HF patients. AIM: To develop a reliable and valid instrument, which measures the knowledge, patients have on their disease and the HF-related health care regimen. METHODS: The HF knowledge scale was developed in 3 phases; (1) concept analysis and first construction, (2) revision of items and (3) testing for validity and reliability. RESULTS: The Dutch HF knowledge scale is a 15-item, self-administered questionnaire that covers items concerning HF knowledge in general, knowledge on HF treatment (including diet and fluid restriction) and HF symptoms and symptom recognition. Face validity as well as content and construct validity was tested in HF patients in 19 hospitals in the Netherlands. The scale was able to differentiate between HF patients with high and low level of HF knowledge. Cronbach's alpha of the knowledge scale in this population (n=902) was .62. CONCLUSION: The instrument is a valid and reliable scale that can be used in research to gain insight in the effect of education and counselling of HF patients. After additional testing, the instrument seems to be a valid and reliable scale to be used in clinical practice to measure HF knowledge.     

Questionnaire instrument to assess knowledge of chronic kidney disease clinical practice guidelines among internal medicine residents

Introduction  The National Kidney Foundation published Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines that recommend early detection and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and timely referral to a nephrologist. Many patients with CKD are seen by primary care doctors who maybe less experienced than a nephrologist to offer optimal early CKD care. It is not known whether postgraduate training adequately prepares a future internist in CKD management.
Methods  We developed a 15-item questionnaire instrument to assess knowledge of CKD guidelines among internal medicine residents in USA using an online survey programme. We studied the validity and reliability measures of our instrument.
Results  The survey was completed by 166 PGY1 (postgraduate year one), 187 PGY2 and 126 PGY3. The questionnaire tested various aspects of CKD including definition, classification, identification of risk factors, laboratory evaluation, development of clinical action plan, identification of complications, anaemia and bone and mineral disorder, referral to a nephrologist and medication use. Validity was supported by the use of official guidelines and an expert panel of nephrologists to develop content and improvement in mean test performance with increasing level of training (PGY1 59.2 ± 13.5%, PGY2 62.6 ± 12.3% and PGY3 64.3 ± 12.2%; P  = 0.002). The reliability coefficient for the questionnaire instrument (Cronbach's α) was 0.69.
Conclusion  Our brief questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess knowledge of CKD guidelines among internal medicine residents and identify specific gaps for improvement.     

The Leuven Questionnaire on Patient Knowledge of Chemotherapy (L-PaKC): Instrument development and psychometric evaluation

PurposeEvidence suggests that patients who gain knowledge perform better self-care, cope better and are more satisfied. Today, up-to-date and valid instruments for evaluating patient knowledge on chemotherapy are unavailable. Hence, our aim was to develop a valid instrument to assess patients' knowledge on chemotherapy.MethodWe performed a literature review to develop a topic list for the construct. Using a triple Delphi procedure, an expert panel of nine oncologists and oncology nurses evaluated the face and content validity of the topic list and the generated items. A preliminary psychometric evaluation of 144 patients allowed to identify and remediate items having limited applicability and item validity. A convenience sample of 440 patients was used to evaluate item statistics (item difficulty), reliability (Cronbach alpha) and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) of the final instrument.ResultsWe developed a 20-item instrument reflecting 14 relevant themes of patient knowledge on chemotherapy in 13 questions. Twelve items cover general chemotherapy aspects, eight items cover treatment-specific knowledge. Three questions are facultative and address oral chemotherapy. Content validity was excellent (CVI = 0.78–1.00). Item difficulty ranged from 0.25 to 0.95. Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.67). Exploratory factor analysis defined four underlying factors: general aspects of chemotherapy treatment, negative treatment-related events, information resources and intake of oral chemotherapy.ConclusionsThe Leuven Questionnaire on Patient Knowledge of Chemotherapy (L-PaKC) demonstrated good content validity and psychometric properties, permitting application in both research and practice for evaluating patient knowledge on chemotherapy.     

Development of a questionnaire assessing nursing staff 's knowledge,attitude, and practice on the prevention of the nosocomial infection in elderly patients: testing reliability and validity

Objective: To develop a questionnaire assessing nursing staff's knowledge, attitude, and practice on the prevention of the nosocomial infection in elderly patients and test its reliability and validity. Methods: After the drafted questionnaire was developed, two rounds of Delphi survey were conducted by consulting experts to improve the questionnaire. Subsequently, 700 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to nursing staff to assess its reliability and validity. Results: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identifies 3 aspects, namely knowledge, attitude, and practice, with a total of 38 items. The Cronbach's a coefficients of the questionnaire and each of the aspects are 0.85, 0.80, 0.886, and 0.77 (>0.7), respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of each of the aspects are c2/df = 3.99, 2.26, and 3.32; Goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.91, 0.97, and 0.92; Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.06, 0.04, and 0.05; Comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.91, 0.96, and 0.90. Conclusions: Through this study, it can be ascer tained whether the developed questionnaire enjoys sound reliability and validity in assessing nursing staff's knowledge, attitude, and practice on preventing the nosocomial infection in elderly patients and thus has cer tain application value.     

Psychometric evaluation of undergraduate student nurses' learning perceived needs in disaster nursing: Two cross-sectional studies

BackgroundDisaster nursing education is a necessity for nurses and students to improve their disaster relief competencies. Determining undergraduate student nurses' learning perceived needs for disaster nursing can help improve curricula construction. In China there is currently no valid instrument available for the evaluation of influencing factors. A disaster nursing course content system was developed using the Delphi method in 2011. However, this system was unformed and lacked psychometric evaluation.ObjectivesTo adapt the disaster nursing course content system into an instrument, to evaluate its psychometric properties, and to investigate undergraduate student nurses' learning perceived needs for disaster nursing.Design, settings and participantsTwo cross-sectional studies were conducted in public higher education institutions in China. In the first study, a total of 1714 undergraduate student nurses were recruited in May to October 2016; in the second study, 68 were recruited in May 2019.MethodsThe instrument was adapted through literature review, face validity and pilot testing in preliminary studies. The construct validity and reliability of the instrument were tested using exploratory factor analysis, parallel analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability.ResultsThe exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis extracted a three-factor solution comprising 19 items that accounted for 71.69% of the total variance, including discipline introduction, skills and knowledge in disaster relief, and disaster management. The fit indices indicated a good fit. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability was good, as indicated by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.87.ConclusionThe Learning Needs for Disaster Nursing questionnaire exhibited good psychometric properties, thereby proving itself a valuable instrument for evaluating learning perceived needs in undergraduate student nurses.     

患者安全文化测评问卷的初步编制及信效度检验

目的初步编制适用于我国临床护理人员的患者安全文化测评问卷。方法通过查阅文献,结合半结构访谈形成问卷初稿,然后经专家咨询及预调查进行修改,对580名护理人员施测,检验问卷的信效度。结果临床护理人员的患者安全文化测评问卷由医院管理支持、护士长参与、护士执行力、团队合作、开放性沟通、持续改进、惩罚性感受和不良事件报告8个维度构成,共36个条目。其内容效度比为0．974,因子分析提取8个公因子的累及贡献率达61．39％。总问卷Cronbachgd系数为0．875,各维度Cronbaeh＇s α系数为0．658～0．890。结论临床护理人员的患者安全文化测评问卷具有较好的信效度,可用于评价临床护理人员的患者安全文化。     

Development and validation of the interprofessional collaborator assessment rubric ((ICAR))

There have been increasing calls for a competency-based approach in interprofessional education (IPE). The purpose of this multi-site research project was to develop a validated set of interprofessional collaborator competencies and an associated competency-based assessment rubric, in both English and French languages. The first phase involved a detailed comparative analysis of peer-reviewed and grey literature using typological analysis to construct a draft list of interprofessional collaborator competency categories and statements. A two-round Delphi survey of experts was undertaken to validate these competencies. In the second phase, an assessment rubric was developed based on the validated competencies and then evaluated for utility, clarity, practicality and fairness through multi-site focus groups with students and faculty at both college and university levels. The paper outlines an approach to developing, constructing and validating a bilingual instrument for interprofessional learning and assessment. The approach was collaborative in nature, involving an interprofessional project team and respondents from across multiple health profession education programs. The Delphi survey ratings indicate a high level of agreement with the importance of the competency statements and focus group participants rated the rubric positively and felt it had value. The focus group results were also useful in pre-piloting the contextual application of the instrument across multiple health profession education programs. This rubric instrument may be used across a variety of professions and learning contexts. Future work includes evaluation of further dimensions of validity and reliability for this tool across a variety of settings.     

广州市重点人群肝吸虫病防治知识调查问卷的信度、效度评价

目的 评价通过德尔菲法形成的"广州市重点人群肝吸虫病防治知识调查问卷"的信度、效度.方法 使用调查问卷对120名广州市肝吸虫病患者、新入职公务员、饮食从业人员进行测试,分层随机抽取其中60例进行重测,计算该问卷的内部一致性、重测信度和结构效度.结果 该问卷Cronbach's系数为0.798,10个指标的Spearman相关系数均＞0.7,P值均＜0.01.对10个指标进行因素分析,产生三个公共因子,它们总共能解释总体方差的60.84%,10个指标因子负荷在0.514～0.841之间,均＞0.40的基本要求.结论 该问卷的信度、效度良好,具有良好的可靠性和有效性,可用于评价广州市肝吸虫病患者、新入职公务员、饮食从业人员肝吸虫病防治知识水平.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity on the questionnaire of hepatic distomiasis prevention knowledge for the key crowd in Guangzhou made by Delphi method. Methods The questionnaire of hepatic distomiasis prevention knowledge for the key crowd in Guangzhou was tested in a sample of 120 cases, including liver trematodiasis patient, enters the duty official, the diet jobholders.And the questionnaire was retested randomly in 60 of them after two weeks. By analyzing the results of the questionnaire survey, the reliability and validity were calculated. Results The whole Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0. 798. The correlation coefficient of 10indicators was more than 0. 7, and their P values were all less than 0. 01. Four public factors were produced by factors analyzing of 10 indicators, they could explain 60. 84% of the whole variance. The factor loadings of the 10 indicators were 0. 514 ～0. 841, which were all over 0. 4. Conclusoons The reliability and validity of the questionnaire have reached the demands of standard questionnaire. And it would be practical for hepatic distomiasis health education in hepatic distomiasis patients.     

Development and validation of the interprofessional collaborator assessment rubric (ICAR)

There have been increasing calls for a competency-based approach in interprofessional education (IPE). The purpose of this multi-site research project was to develop a validated set of interprofessional collaborator competencies and an associated competency-based assessment rubric, in both English and French languages. The first phase involved a detailed comparative analysis of peer-reviewed and grey literature using typological analysis to construct a draft list of interprofessional collaborator competency categories and statements. A two-round Delphi survey of experts was undertaken to validate these competencies. In the second phase, an assessment rubric was developed based on the validated competencies and then evaluated for utility, clarity, practicality and fairness through multi-site focus groups with students and faculty at both college and university levels. The paper outlines an approach to developing, constructing and validating a bilingual instrument for interprofessional learning and assessment. The approach was collaborative in nature, involving an interprofessional project team and respondents from across multiple health profession education programs. The Delphi survey ratings indicate a high level of agreement with the importance of the competency statements and focus group participants rated the rubric positively and felt it had value. The focus group results were also useful in pre-piloting the contextual application of the instrument across multiple health profession education programs. This rubric instrument may be used across a variety of professions and learning contexts. Future work includes evaluation of further dimensions of validity and reliability for this tool across a variety of settings.     

What are the risks and knowledge deficits for prescribing and administering opioids in the ward environment? A quality project on assessing and improving knowledge

Investigations into Medical Emergency Team (MET) calls and related clinical incident reviews at a large district teaching hospital provided evidence that over sedation can be a significant issue post opioid administration and that safe and effective pain management requires accurate opioid knowledge and patient assessment skills.The aim of the study was to develop education that was directed at identified knowledge deficits, and to evaluate the impact of this tailored education program on knowledge of safe prescribing and administration of opioids.Knowledge levels were explored using a structured questionnaire in a pre and post-test design. A convenience sample of 34 nurses and 5 junior medical officers across three surgical wards in a tertiary referral hospital had their knowledge assessed.Results showed significant improvement when repeat questionnaires were given two weeks post-delivery of education. Mean scores were 68% at baseline and 89% two weeks post completion of the education program. The greatest improvement in scores was recorded for drug knowledge including dose, half-life and administration.The findings from this study suggest that the opioid education program is effective in improving the knowledge of safe prescribing and administration of opioids, however further studies are required.     

早产儿出院后父母应对能力问卷的编制及信度效度检验

目的:编制并评价早产儿出院后父母应对能力问卷。方法:运用文献分析法、半结构访谈法和德尔菲专家函询法形成初始问卷,采用方便抽样法选取257例早产儿父母进行调查,采用项目分析、相关性分析、探索性因子分析、内容效度、结构效度、内在一致性信度、折半信度对问卷进行评价。结果:初步形成55个条目的初始问卷,经问卷测评后删除15个条目;探索性因子分析提取了8个共同因子,累积解释变异量为59.864%;提取的共同因子作为问卷维度,分别为早产儿照护技能、父母角色适应、亲子关系、家庭功能、积极应对、消极应对、外界支持、早产儿保健知识;整个问卷的Cronbach’sα系数为0.916、折半信度为0.845,各维度的Cronbach’sα系数为0.724~0.906,折半信度为0.712~0.897;问卷整体的内容效度指数(S-CVI)为0.946,问卷各条目的内容效度指数(I-CVI)为0.824~1.000,校正后的Kappa值为0.823~1.000。结论:早产儿出院后父母应对能力问卷信度、效度良好,可作为评价我国早产儿出院后父母应对能力的工具,能在一定程度上反映早产儿父母院外存在的问题与困惑,为早产儿延续性护理实施方案的制定与评价提供参考。     

Development and psychometric testing of the Cancer Knowledge Scale for Elders

Aim. To develop the Cancer Knowledge Scale for Elders and test its validity and reliability. Background. The number of elders suffering from cancer is increasing. To facilitate cancer prevention behaviours among elders, they shall be educated about cancer‐related knowledge. Prior to designing a programme that would respond to the special needs of elders, understanding the cancer‐related knowledge within this population was necessary. However, extensive review of the literature revealed a lack of appropriate instruments for measuring cancer‐related knowledge. A valid and reliable cancer knowledge scale for elders is necessary. Design. A non‐experimental methodological design was used to test the psychometric properties of the Cancer Knowledge Scale for Elders. Methods. Item analysis was first performed to screen out items that had low corrected item‐total correlation coefficients. Construct validity was examined with a principle component method of exploratory factor analysis. Cancer‐related health behaviour was used as the criterion variable to evaluate criterion‐related validity. Internal consistency reliability was assessed by the KR‐20. Stability was determined by two‐week test–retest reliability. Results. The factor analysis yielded a four‐factor solution accounting for 49·5% of the variance. For criterion‐related validity, cancer knowledge was positively correlated with cancer‐related health behaviour (r = 0·78, p < 0·001). The KR‐20 coefficients of each factor were 0·85, 0·76, 0·79 and 0·67 and 0·87 for the total scale. Test–retest reliability over a two‐week period was 0·83 (p < 0·001). Conclusion. This study provides evidence for content validity, construct validity, criterion‐related validity, internal consistency and stability of the Cancer Knowledge Scale for Elders. The results show that this scale is an easy‐to‐use instrument for elders and has adequate validity and reliability. Relevance to clinical practice. The scale can be used as an assessment instrument when implementing cancer education programmes for elders. It can also be used to evaluate the effects of education programmes.     

Construction of a parent satisfaction instrument: Perceptions of pediatric intensive care nurses and physicians

Purpose

The aims of the study were (1) to identify parental satisfaction items through the opinions of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurses and physicians, (2) to reach consensus on the identified items, and (3) to apply factor analysis to evaluate the items and domains toward a PICU parental satisfaction instrument.

Materials and Methods

Pediatric intensive care unit nurses and physicians working in 8 university hospitals in the Netherlands participated. A 2-round Delphi method was completed. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the satisfaction items and domains.

Results

Three hundred two nurses and 62 physicians participated in the Delphi study, and 269 (76%) completed 2 questionnaire rounds. In Delphi round 2, 14 of the 78 items had a mean of less than 8.0 (range, 1 [low importance] to 10 [high importance]). The interquartile range of all domains decreased by almost half, and only 10 satisfaction items had a heterogeneity of less than 70%. Structure determination revealed that 4 satisfaction items needed to be excluded. Out of 74 satisfaction items, 72 showed factor loadings greater than 0.50. The reliability estimates, Cronbach α, for the 6 domains varied from 0.74 to 0.92.

Conclusions

Priorities in parental satisfaction measures are identified. The findings are fundamental in the development of a PICU parental satisfaction instrument.     

中晚期帕金森病患者社区护理需求量表的制订及信效度检验

目的 制订中晚期帕金森病患者社区护理需求量表,并检验其信效度。 方法 在马斯洛需求层次理论和约翰逊行为系统模式的指导下,参考相关文献,结合半结构式访谈和德尔菲法,初步形成中晚期帕金森病患者社区护理需求量表;采用预调查和项目分析法对量表进行修订。2021年5月—10月,选取400例中晚期帕金森病患者,采用面对面调查的形式进行问卷调查,进一步检验量表信效度。 结果 中晚期帕金森病患者社区护理需求量表包含日常照顾需求、跌倒预防需求、自主功能障碍需求、情感支持需求、疾病治疗需求和延续护理需求6个维度,39个条目。量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.922,折半信度为0.702,各条目的内容效度指数为0.78~1.00,平均量表水平的内容效度指数为0.907。探索性因子分析提取出6个主要因子,累计方差贡献率为68.952%,验证性因子分析结果显示,模型适配理想,因子结构稳定。 结论 中晚期帕金森病患者社区护理需求量表能较全面地反映患者对社区护理支持的需求,具有良好的信效度,可用于动态评估疾病症状,指导护理人员开展健康评估、疾病管理和教育。     

Pressure ulcer prevention: Development and psychometric validation of a knowledge assessment instrument

Background

Profound knowledge of pressure ulcers is important to enable good prevention. Validity and reliability of instruments assessing pressure ulcer knowledge are limited evaluated in previous research.

Aims and objectives

To develop a valid and reliable instrument to assess knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention.

Design

Prospective psychometric instrument validation study.

Methods

An extensive literature review was performed to develop an instrument to assess knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention. Face and content validity were evaluated in a double Delphi procedure by an expert panel of nine trustees of the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP) who each have extensive experience in pressure ulcer care and research (PhD level). A convenience sample of 608 nurses and nursing students from Belgium and The Netherlands participated to evaluate validity of the multiple-choice test items (item difficulty, discriminating index, quality of the response alternatives), construct validity, internal consistency, and stability of the instrument. The data were collected between February and May 2008.

Results

A 26-item instrument was developed, reflecting 6 themes expressing the most relevant aspects of pressure ulcer prevention. The content validity was excellent (CVI = 0.78-1.00). Group scores of nurses with a (theoretically expected) high level of expertise were found to be statistically significantly higher than those of participants with (theoretically expected) less expertise (P < 0.001). The item difficulty index of the questions ranged from 0.27 to 0.87, while values for item discrimination ranged from 0.29 to 0.65. The quality of the response alternatives was found to be good. The overall internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α) was 0.77. The 1-week test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient (stability) was 0.88.

Conclusion

The instrument demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and can be applied in both research and practice for evaluating knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention.