2型糖尿病患者血浆抵抗素和炎性细胞因子水平的变化及临床意义

目的研究2型糖尿病(DM)患者血浆抵抗素及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平的变化,探讨其与DM及胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定57例2型DM患者[按体质量指数分为非肥胖组(DM1)25例和肥胖组(DM2)32例]及40例正常对照者(NC)血浆抵抗素、TNF-αI、L-6浓度,同时测定空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果DM1组和DM2组比对照组血浆抵抗素水平(16.6±5.8)mg/L(、25.1±9.5)mg/L vs(12.2±3.4)mg/L,TNF-α水平(60.67±17.33)ng/L、(82.42±35.51)ng/L vs(43.25±12.91)ng/L,IL-6水平(81.25±15.62)ng/L、(108.63±31.02)ng/L vs(61.30±16.82)ng/L明显升高(P<0.05~0.01),且DM2组的抵抗素、TNF-αI、L-6水平高于DM1组(P<0.05)。相关分析发现血浆抵抗素水平与HOMA-IR、BMI、FINS、TNF-α、IL-6呈正相关(r值分别为0.415,0.564,0.665,0.315,0.454,P值均<0.01);TNF-α水平与HOMA-IR、BMI、FINS呈正相关(r值分别为0.459,0.326,0.308,P值均<0.01);IL-6与HOMA-IR、BMI、FINS呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.395,0.375,0.279,P值均<0.01)。结论2型DM患者血浆抵抗素、TNF-αI、L-6水平升高,与肥胖有关,三者相互作用,参与糖尿病及胰岛素抵抗的发生发展。     

2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素水平的变化研究

目的探讨人血清抵抗素水平与2型糖尿病的关系.方法 2型糖尿病患者48例和正常对照组47例,采用酶联免疫分析法检测空腹血清抵抗素、胰岛素水平;同时测血糖、血压、血脂、身高、体重,计算腰围、臀围、体重指数、腰臀比值和胰岛素敏感指数、胰岛素抵抗性、胰岛B细胞功能.结果 2型糖尿病组的体重指数、甘油三酯、血清抵抗素水平显著高于正常对照组（P＜0.05）;相关分析显示血清抵抗素水平与体重指数、腰围、空腹胰岛素、血压呈正相关.在正常对照组,血清抵抗素水平与胰岛素敏感指数、胰岛素抵抗性、胰岛B细胞功能相关.而且血清抵抗素水平在糖尿病肥胖组显著高于糖尿病非肥胖组和正常对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素水平升高,与肥胖相关,血清抵抗素可能是联系肥胖和2型糖尿病的重要因素.     

文迪雅对2型糖尿病患者血浆抵抗素的影响

目的观察2型糖尿病患者用文迪雅治疗后血浆抵抗素的变化.方法新诊断的2型糖尿病患者分组,观察组给予文迪雅治疗3个月;对照组用二甲双胍或加服瑞格列奈治疗3个月;分别在治疗前后用酶免法测定血浆抵抗素的水平.结果治疗前观察组与对照组血浆抵抗素的水平无显著差异(p＞0.05);治疗后观察组血浆抵抗素显著下降(p＜0.05)、胰岛素敏感指数显著升高(p＜0.01);治疗后对照组血浆抵抗素的水平无显著变化(p＞0.05)、胰岛素敏感指数也无显著变化(p＞0.05).结论文迪雅治疗后血浆抵抗素的水平显著下降,胰岛索敏感指数显著上升;血浆抵抗素与胰岛素抵抗有一定的相关性.     

老年2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素、游离脂肪酸水平研究

目的探讨血清抵抗素、游离脂肪酸与老年糖尿病及胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法测量老年(年龄>60岁)2型糖尿病患者82例(老年糖尿病组),成年(年龄<60岁)2型糖尿病患者70例(成年糖尿病组),老年健康体检者50例(对照组)空腹血清抵抗素、游离脂肪酸、空腹血糖及胰岛素水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数。结果老年糖尿病组血清抵抗素、游离脂肪酸水平高于对照组与成年糖尿病组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。老年糖尿病组胰岛素抵抗程度较成年糖尿病组明显,并伴有脂代谢紊乱。结论血清抵抗素、游离脂肪酸与老年糖尿病尤其是老年胰岛素抵抗密切相关。     

肺结核合并2型糖尿病患者血清炎性细胞因子的表达及其临床意义

目的观察并初步分析肺结核合并2型糖尿病患者血清中炎性细胞因子白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的表达及临床意义。方法采用前瞻性研究,选取2015年11月至2016年11月海安市人民医院收治的2型糖尿病患者51例作为DM组,肺结核合并2型糖尿病患者48例作为TB+DM组,同期的健康体检者42例作为对照组。采集研究对象清晨空腹静脉血5 ml,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测各样本血清中IL-2、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF-α的水平,进行对比。结果三组间的IL-2、TNF-α、INF-γ、IL-10水平比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,TB+DM组的IL-2(0.215±0.152)μg/L、TNF-α(0.253±0.098)μg/L水平均低于DM组[(1.058±0.458)μg/L、(0.399±0.102)μg/L],INF-γ(33.560±2.370)μg/L、IL-10(1.331±0.241)μg/L水平均高于DM组[(6.010±6.730)μg/L、(0.835±0.301)μg/L],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TB+DM组和DM组的IL-2、TNF-α水平均低于对照组,INF-γ、IL-10水平均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论检测患者血清中IL-2、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF-α的水平对选取肺结核合并2型糖尿病指标诊断、评价该病的发生及病程,对治疗该病有着重要意义。     

Associations of resistin with inflammation and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE: Resistin has been linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammation and atherosclerosis but the results of animal and human studies have been at variance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential roles of resistin in patients with type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the correlation between resistin and markers of obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, metabolic parameters, diabetes control and complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fasting resistin, leptin, insulin, glucose, HbA1c, full lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP) (high sensitivity assay) and complete blood count were determined in 135 patients with type 2 diabetes. Univariate regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to relate resistin with indices of obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance (homeostasis model, HOMA), insulin sensitivity, diabetic control, coronary heart disease (CHD) and degree of microalbuminuria. RESULTS: Resistin showed significant (p<0.05) correlations with body mass index (BMI) "(Spearman r=0.67), waist circumference (r=0.54), fasting insulin (0.51), insulin sensitivity (r=-0.29), HOMA (r=0.30), leptin (r=0.39), CRP (r=0.29), white cell count (r=0.25) and lipid parameters but showed no significant correlation with glucose and HbA1c. Partial correlation analysis, with correction for BMI, abolished the correlation of resistin with insulin sensitivity and HOMA but not with the white cell count. When confounding factors were fixed using multiple logistic regression, resistin was not independently associated with CHD (odds ratio=1.05, p=0.08) and degree of microalbuminuria (odds ratio=1.06, p=0.24). CONCLUSIONS: Resistin showed significant BMI-dependent associations with insulin resistance and factors linked with obesity and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Resistin may represent a link between obesity and insulin resistance via pro-inflammatory pathways.     

Associations of resistin with inflammation and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective. Resistin has been linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammation and atherosclerosis but the results of animal and human studies have been at variance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential roles of resistin in patients with type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the correlation between resistin and markers of obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, metabolic parameters, diabetes control and complications. Material and methods. Fasting resistin, leptin, insulin, glucose, HbA1c, full lipid profile, C‐reactive protein (CRP) (high sensitivity assay) and complete blood count were determined in 135 patients with type 2 diabetes. Univariate regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to relate resistin with indices of obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance (homeostasis model, HOMA), insulin sensitivity, diabetic control, coronary heart disease (CHD) and degree of microalbuminuria. Results. Resistin showed significant (p<0.05) correlations with body mass index (BMI) "(Spearman r = 0.67), waist circumference (r = 0.54), fasting insulin (0.51), insulin sensitivity (r = ?0.29), HOMA (r = 0.30), leptin (r = 0.39), CRP (r = 0.29), white cell count (r = 0.25) and lipid parameters but showed no significant correlation with glucose and HbA1c. Partial correlation analysis, with correction for BMI, abolished the correlation of resistin with insulin sensitivity and HOMA but not with the white cell count. When confounding factors were fixed using multiple logistic regression, resistin was not independently associated with CHD (odds ratio = 1.05, p = 0.08) and degree of microalbuminuria (odds ratio = 1.06, p = 0.24). Conclusions. Resistin showed significant BMI‐dependent associations with insulin resistance and factors linked with obesity and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Resistin may represent a link between obesity and insulin resistance via pro‐inflammatory pathways.     

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for circulating human resistin: resistin concentrations in normal subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND: Resistin is a recently identified adipocyte-secreted hormone in rodents, and has been proposed to serve as a link between obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human resistin and evaluate serum resistin concentrations in normal subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Using ELISA developed by two polyclonal antibodies, resistin concentrations were measured in 90 patients with type 2 diabetes and compared to 74 healthy control subjects. RESULTS: This ELISA has high specificity and sensitivity over the concentration of range 0.5-100 ng/ml with good percentage recovery (97.1 +/- 4.7%) and reproducibility (within-day assay, CV = 4.8-8.6%; between-day assay, CV = 5.6-9.7%). The mean concentration of resistin in sera from type 2 diabetic patients was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (mean +/- S.E.: 20.8 +/- 0.7 vs. 14.9 +/- 0.5 ng/ml, p < 0.001). A moderate positive correlation was observed between serum resistin levels and body mass indices in both normal subjects (r = 0.412, p < 0.0003) and patients with type 2 diabetes (r = 0.395, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our ELISA will be useful to confirm the physiological and pathophysiological role of resistin in humans.     

Role of pro-atherogenic adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus type 2

Accelerated progression of atherosclerosis in coronary, carotid, cerebral, and peripheral arteries is a phenomenon observed in diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiologic mechanisms are slowly being understood. Pro-atherogenic adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines are involved in this process. This review addresses current concepts of atherogenesis and focuses on alterations of adhesion molecule and cytokine expression and their regulation in diabetic patients. Molecules are being discussed in both the normoglycemic and hyperglycemic states, with a focus on their atherogenic role in diabetes mellitus. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie disease progression will help to identify high-risk patients, which is a prerequisite for new treatment strategies aiming at an attenuation of disease progression in diabetic patients.     

NGAL、炎症细胞因子在2型糖尿病肾脏疾病患者体内的变化

目的 探讨中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白（NGAL）以及炎症细胞因子在2型糖尿病肾脏疾病（T2DM DKD）患者体内的变化情况。方法 2型糖尿病患者180例,根据尿微量白蛋白排泄量分为单纯糖尿病组、早期肾病组和临床肾病组,每组60例;同时选取健康志愿者60例作为对照组,检测各组NGAL、白细胞介素6（IL 6）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF α）的表达水平。 结果 治疗前,糖尿病患者的IL 6、TNF α水平表达明显高于对照组患者,同时糖尿病肾脏疾病越严重,其血清中的IL 6、TNF α水平越高（P＜0.05）。对各组患者空腹血糖、肾功能指标进行检测,发现糖尿病患者的空腹血糖（FPC）、血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）水平表达明显高于对照组患者,同时糖尿病肾病越严重,其血清中的FPC、SCr、BUN水平越高（P＜0.05）。结论 2型糖尿病肝肾疾病患者患病程度越严重,其体内NGAL、炎症细胞因子的表达就越高。     

2型糖尿病患者血清炎症因子与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的观察2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）及肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）与胰岛素抵抗（IR）的相关关系。方法选择正常对照组80例，T2DM患者162例；将T2DM分为A、B组：A组为单纯T2DM患者组81例、B组为T2DM大血管病变组81例；测定各组血清hs—CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平。并计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）。结果T2DM的hs—CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、IR水平明显高于正常对照组。T2DM大血管病变组的hs—CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、IR水平均明显高于单纯T2DM患者组。T2DM组患者hs—CRP、IL-6、TNF-α与IR均呈正相关。结论炎性反应与胰岛素抵抗同步存在，而且与糖尿病及并发症发生密切相关，炎症因子能较好的反映糖尿病患者的病情和胰岛素抵抗程序。     

2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素水平与血管内皮功能紊乱的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清抵抗素水平与血管内皮功能紊乱的关系.方法 测定60例T2DM患者及30例健康人(正常对照组)血清中抵抗素、血管性血友病因子(vWF)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及一氧化氮(NO)的水平,分别将以上检测结果进行比较.结果 T2DM组血清抵抗素、vWF、CRP水平均高于正常对照组,分别为(11.56±5.56)μg/L和(7.89±1.73)μg/L;(134.21±42.75)%和(105.99±29.03)%;(6.67±6.30)mg/L和(4.08±1.08)mg/L(P＜0.01),而NO低于正常对照组(53.22±17.98)μmol/L和(69.73±21.96)μmol/L(P＜0.01);其中抵抗素与vWF、CRP呈正相关(r分别为0.32、0.42,均P＜0.05),与NO呈负相关(r为-0.47,P＜0.01);多元逐步回归分析显示血清NO、vWF、CRP分别与抵抗素存在显著的相关性(均P＜0.05).结论 血清抵抗素水平可能与T2DM患者血管内皮功能紊乱有关,是预测T2DM血管并发症有价值的指标.     

初诊2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素与颈动脉内中膜厚度的关系

目的 探讨初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清抵抗素水平与颈动脉内中膜厚度(CIMT)的关系.方法 选取新诊断的T2DM患者共122例,根据CIMT分为两组:CIMT正常组(CIMT<1.0 mm)70例和CIMT增厚组(CIMT≥1.0 mm,伴或不伴斑块)52例.采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测血清抵抗素水平,并采用高频彩色多普勒超声测定CIMT.结果 与CIMT正常组相比,CIMT增厚组的血清抵抗素水平明显升高(P<0.05);Spearman相关性分析结果 显示,血清抵抗素水平与CIMT具有显著相关性(r=0.247,P=0.028),而且经校正性别、年龄、BMI后,血清抵抗素水平仍与CIMT显著相关(r=0.198,P=0.034);Logistic多因素回归分析结果 显示,血清抵抗素与CIMT增厚呈显著性关联(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.08～2.04,P=0.037).结论 血清抵抗素是T2DM患者CIMT增厚的独立相关因素.     

Pioglitazone reduces atherogenic index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance is often associated with increased triglyceride (TG) and decreased HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and increased small LDL particles. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), defined as log(TG/HDL-C), has recently been proposed as a marker of plasma atherogenicity because it is increased in people at higher risk for coronary heart disease and is inversely correlated with LDL particle size. We studied the effect of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione that reduces insulin resistance, on the AIP of patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The data for the analysis of AIP in this report were obtained from four randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Pioglitazone was used as monotherapy in one study and in combination therapy in three studies. Fasting glucose, insulin, HDL-C, and TGs plus glycohemoglobin (HbA(1C)) were measured at baseline and various points during each study. RESULTS: Patients in this study population with type 2 diabetes had high AIP values at baseline. Pioglitazone treatment significantly decreased AIP from baseline in each of the study groups. Pioglitazone treatment groups had a significantly lower AIP compared with their respective placebo controls. Finally, AIP was inversely and significantly correlated with measures of insulin sensitivity, such as the homeostasis model assessment and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. In contrast, AIP was not significantly correlated with HbA(1C). CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone reduced AIP when used as monotherapy or in combination therapy with sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin. AIP was inversely correlated with measures of insulin sensitivity.     

2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素 血糖和血脂水平比较

目的比较研究2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素浓度与空腹血糖、血脂代谢水平。方法选择50例2型糖尿病患者和50例健康中老年人,分别为糖尿病组和对照组,用竞争性酶联免疫吸附法测定各组空腹血浆抵抗素水平,同时检测空腹血糖、血脂各项指标。结果糖尿病空腹血浆抵抗素水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论血清抵抗素水平与2型糖尿病关系密切,抵抗素水平可能影响体内能量代谢和平衡,与糖代谢、脂代谢的关系更为密切。     

2型糖尿病患者脂联素与炎症因子相关性研究

目的检测胰岛素抵抗2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清脂联素与炎症因子的水平并分析其相关性。方法选择胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)高于2.69的T2DM患者(T2DM组)和HOMA-IR为1.00的健康人(CON组)作为研究对象,检测并比较两组研究对象间血清脂联素、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)和白细胞介素-18(IL-18)的差异,分析T2DM患者血清脂联素与炎症因子的相关性。结果 T2DM患者hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和IL-18水平均显著高于CON组,而脂联素和IL-10水平显著低于CON组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。将TDM组患者血清脂联素和hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10和IL-18进行相关性分析,表明血清脂联素和hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和IL-18均呈负相关(rs0,P0.05),与IL-10呈正相关(rs0,P0.05)。结论胰岛素抵抗T2DM患者处于炎症紊乱状态,血清脂联素显著低于健康人,其水平与炎症因子密切相关。     

2型糖尿病患者血脂水平与血清Apelin等细胞因子的关系研究

目的了解2型糖尿病患者不同的血脂水平与血清、Apelin、脂联素、抵抗素等脂肪细胞因子的关系。方法所有的门诊或病房的2型糖尿病患者均空腹12h以上,取肘静脉血,分离血清,当日送检血脂及空腹血糖、胰岛素,其余血清置-80℃冰箱保存以备测定血清Apelin,脂联素及抵抗素。记录入选对象的年龄、糖尿病病程、身高、体重,通过公式计算BMI（体质指数）=体重/身高2（kg/m^2）,FPG（空腹血糖）及FINS（空腹胰岛素）并计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）=（FPG×FINS/22.5）。然后根据化验结果将患者分为2组。伴有高脂血症组,与血脂正常组。其中高脂血症组再分为：高甘油三酯组,高胆固醇组及混合组（2个指标均高于正常）,然后进行血脂与各组脂肪因子以及胰岛素抵抗指数的相关分析。结果两组患者,不同血脂水平之间的脂肪细胞因子差异有统计学意义。糖尿病患者血清Apelin水平与TG（甘油三酯）、FFA（游离脂肪酸）、BMI、FINS呈显著正相关（分别r=0.766;r=0.675;r=0.780;r=0.821）,P值均〈0.05,而与TC（胆固醇）、HDL-C（高密度脂蛋白）、LDL-C（低密度脂蛋白）无相关性。结论2型糖尿病患者中伴有脂代谢紊乱者,血清Apelin水平明显升高且与患者的甘油三酯,游离脂肪酸的浓度密切相关,呈明显正相关。升高的Apelin水平可能参与与胰岛素抵抗的发生,其具体机制尚不明确,需进一步研究。     

AMPK和抵抗素与2型糖尿病合并胃癌的相关性研究

目的研究血清单磷酸腺苷激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）和抵抗素与2型糖尿病（DM）合并胃癌（GC）的关系。方法选择2013年1月至2014年5月就诊的2型DM患者30例（DM组）、DM合并GC患者48例（DM并GC组）及健康人群30例（NC组）为研究对象,ELISA法测定血清AMPK和抵抗素的水平;同时测定空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、血脂等生化指标;采用稳态模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。结果 DM组及DM并GC组的抵抗素水平分别为（5.54±1.29）、（6.86±1.65）μg/L,均高于NC组的（3.04±1.49）μg/L（P均〈0.01）。DM组及DM并GC组AMPK水平分别为（5.53±0.98）、（3.32±0.90）U/L,均低于NC组的（7.54±0.98）U/L（P均〈0.01）。抵抗素与空腹胰岛素及HOMA-IR呈正相关（r=0.620,0.668,P均〈0.01）,AMPK与空腹胰岛素及HOMA-IR呈负相关（r=-0.790,-0.822,P均〈0.01）,抵抗素与AMPK呈负相关（r=-0.699,P〈0.01）;抵抗素和AMPK是HOMA-IR的独立影响因素（β=0.183,P〈0.05;β=-0.694,P〈0.01）;AMPK是DM并GC的保护因素（OR=0.118,P〈0.05）;抵抗素是DM并GC患者淋巴结转移的危险因素（OR=4.716,P〈0.01）。结论 AMPK和抵抗素参与2型DM合并GC的发生及淋巴结转移,有可能作为2型DM合并GC的治疗靶点。