Levosimendan restores both systolic and diastolic cardiac performance in lipopolysaccharide-treated rabbits: comparison with dobutamine and milrinone

OBJECTIVE: Current treatment strategies for severe septic conditions (i.e., intravenous fluids, vasopressors, and cardiac inotropes) reestablish fluid balance and improve cardiac systole but do not address diastolic dysfunction. Our study aimed to fully characterize both systolic and diastolic abnormalities of sepsis-associated heart failure and to identify treatment that would support full-cycle cardiac improvement. DESIGN: Endotoxin-injected rabbits, an animal model of abnormal cardiac function in human sepsis, were used to delineate cardiac abnormalities and to examine effects of drug treatments on heart systolic and diastolic function (n = 30); saline-injected animals served as comparators (n = 17). As treatment, three inotropes commonly used for treatment of cardiac failure were infused for 45 mins in separate animal groups-milrinone, dobutamine, and levosimendan. MEASUREMENTS: Variables of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function were assessed with a pressure conductance catheter. Measurements were made before and after endotoxin/saline injection and before and after inotrope treatment. RESULTS: Pressure-volume analyses of the left ventricle showed marked impairment in systolic function and in all indices of diastolic function (isovolumic relaxation time constant, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship) in endotoxin-treated rabbits. The inotropes, milrinone, dobutamine, and levosimendan, could each partially or completely restore systolic function in the lipopolysaccharide-treated rabbits. However, only levosimendan therapy led to additional beneficial effects on left ventricular relaxation and diastolic function. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac failure in severe sepsis results from impairments in both systolic and diastolic functions. Treatment with the calcium sensitizer levosimendan improved both systolic and diastolic cardiac functions in septic animals, but cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent inotropes milrinone and dobutamine only improved systolic function.     

2型糖尿病患者心功能状况及其与血尿酸水平的关系

目的：研究2型糖尿病患者心功能状况并探讨其与血尿酸水平的关系。方法：对连续218例2型糖尿病患者行二维和多普勒超声心动图检查，根据其左室射血分数和e/a比值将所有患者分为心功能正常组、舒张功能不全组、收缩功能不全组及舒缩功能不全组，从而观察2型糖尿病患者心功能谱。所有患者入院第2天均测定血尿酸水平，比较不同心功能状态血尿酸水平的差异。结果：在所有入选病例中，心功能正常者共67例（30.7%），舒张功能不全者共98例(45.0%)，收缩功能不全者共35例(16.1%)，收缩及舒张功能均有障碍者共18例(8.2%)。和心功能正常组相比，心功能不全各组尿酸水平显著升高（P<0.01）。和舒张功能不全组比较，收缩功能不全及舒缩功能不全组尿酸水平显著增高（P<0.01）。结论：2型糖尿病患者心功能不全较常见，以舒张功能不全为主。并且随着心功能不全程度的加重，患者血尿酸水平逐渐升高。     

Prognostic value of the atrial systolic mitral annular motion velocity in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Transmitral flow velocity variables are powerful predictors of poor prognosis in patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. However, these variables may not accurately reflect the severity of pulmonary congestion. This study was designed to determine whether the peak atrial systolic mitral annular motion velocity (MA-Aw) measured by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging can predict cardiac death or hospitalization for worsening heart failure in patients with LV systolic dysfunction. METHODS: MA-Aw was recorded in 96 patients with LV systolic dysfunction who were followed up for 29 +/- 10 months. All patients underwent Doppler echocardiography on entry into the study, and cardiac catheterization was performed in 45 patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups on the basis of the ratio of early (E) to late (A) diastolic filling (E/A) of the transmitral flow velocity: group 1 (n=31; E/A < 1); group 2 (n=37; 1 < or = E/A < 2); and group 3 (n=28; E/A > or = 2). RESULTS: During follow-up, 36 patients (38%) died of cardiac causes and 34 (35%) were hospitalized for worsening heart failure. There were 2 cardiac deaths (6%) in group 1, 14 (39%) in group 2, and 20 (56%) in group 3. The MA-Aw correlated closely with the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Univariate Cox model analysis showed that MA-Aw < or = 5 cm/s was the most powerful predictor of cardiac death or hospitalization for worsening heart failure compared with clinical, hemodynamic, and the other echocardiographic variables. Furthermore, MA-Aw < or = 5 cm/s was clearly discernible as a good predictor of cardiac mortality on multivariate Cox model and as assessed by Kaplan-Meier method. CONCLUSION: The MA-Aw obtained by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging is a sensitive index of pulmonary congestion in patients with LV systolic dysfunction. It is a simple and noninvasive outcome measure and can be used to monitor treatment.     

NT-前端B型脑钠肽对肺心病合并左心功能不全的诊断价值

目的探讨NT-前端B型脑钠肽（NT-proBNP）对老年慢性肺源性心脏病（肺心病）是否合并左心功能不全患者的诊断价值。方法有胸闷气逼的老年慢性肺心病及其合并左心功能障碍的患者40例,按病情将其分为3组：肺心病组16例（A组）;肺心病合并左心收缩功能障碍组12例（B组）;肺心病合并左心舒张功能障碍组12例（C组）。3组均测定血浆NT-proBNP,并行心脏彩超、肺功能等检查。结果与A组比较,B、C组患者血浆NT-proB-NP明显升高（P〈0.05）,B、C组间比较血浆NT-proBNP差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。3组肺功能检查差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论血浆NT-proBNP的高低对于鉴别老年慢性肺心病患者是否合并左心功能障碍有重要的价值。     

Systolic and diastolic heart failure are associated with different plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide

Previous studies have found that plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is elevated during left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction. It is unclear whether the ventricular systolic and diastolic function is associated with different levels of plasma BNP. Plasma BNP was measured in 149 heart failure patients by a rapid point-of-care assay. The patients were divided into left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (n = 48), left ventricular systolic dysfunction (n = 62) and right ventricular systolic dysfunction group (n = 39). The mean BNP level in the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular systolic dysfunction and right ventricular systolic dysfunction was 115 +/- 80 pg/ml, 516 +/- 445 pg/ml and 345 +/- 184 pg/ml, respectively (p < 0.05). We concluded that ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction increases plasma BNP levels to a different extent. Left and right ventricular systolic dysfunction is associated with a higher level of plasma BNP than left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.     

2型糖尿病患者心功能状况及其与血尿酸水平的关系

目的:研究2型糖尿病患者心功能状况并探讨其与血尿酸水平的关系。方法:对连续218例2型糖尿病患者行二维和多普勒超声心动图检查,根据临床症状、超声心动图左室射血分数和E/A比值将所有患者分为心功能正常组、舒张功能不全组、收缩功能不全组及舒缩功能不全组,从而观察2型糖尿病患者心功能谱,并比较不同心功能状态血尿酸水平的差异。结果:在所有入选病例中,心功能正常者共67例(30.7%),舒张功能不全者共98例(45.0%),收缩功能不全者共35例(16.1%),收缩及舒张功能均有障碍者共18例(8.2%)。与心功能正常组相比,心功能不全各组血尿酸水平显著升高(P<0.01)。与舒张功能不全组比较,收缩功能不全及舒缩功能不全组血尿酸水平显著增高(P<0.01)。结论:2型糖尿病患者心功能不全较常见,以舒张功能不全为主,并且在心功能严重受损患者中,患者血尿酸水平对应性地升高。     

Effect of cordaron on systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle in patients with a mixed form of chronic low cardiac output and cardiac arrhythmias

AIM: To study effects of cordaron on central hemodynamics reflecting systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle (LV) in patients with a mixed form of chronic cardiac failure--a systolic dysfunction and LV diastolic dysfunction type I. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 14 patients with a mixed form of chronic heart failure (CHF) and cardiac arrhythmia were followed up for 6 months. All the patients received ACE inhibitors, diuretics, nitrates and, additionally, cordaron in a supporting dose 200-300 mg/day. Control of central hemodynamics was made with echocardiography before, 1, 3 and 6 months of therapy. RESULTS: For 6 months of therapy LV ejection fraction increased by 16%. LV diastolic function improved, primarily, due to a rise of the E max (by 52% for 6 months of therapy). This reflected early diastolic filling of the LV. Improvement of LV diastolic function was associated with heart rate decrease. CONCLUSION: Cordaron used in addition to ACE inhibitors, diuretics, nitrates improves both systolic and diastolic LV function in patients with a mixed form of CHF.     

L-肉碱对维持性血液透析患者慢性左心功能不全的疗效观察

目的观察L-肉碱(LC)对伴有左心室收缩功能减退的维持性血液透析(HD)患者的疗效.方法入选患者随机分为贝那普利组(A组)和贝那普利组 LC组(B组),疗程6个月,观察两组治疗前后心脏结构和功能的变化.结果两组治疗前后心脏左心室收缩功能、舒张功能、左心室重量指数都显著性改善,但仅左心室收缩功能在B组比A组显著性提高.结论对伴有左心室收缩功能减退的HD患者补充LC可以提高其左心室收缩功能,而对舒张功能,左心室重量指数无显著性改善.     

Heart and liver disease in 32 patients undergoing biopsy of both organs, with implications for heart or liver transplantation

OBJECTIVE: To determine underlying conditions in patients undergoing both heart and liver biopsies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our study group consisted of 32 patients at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, who underwent both endomyocardial and nonsurgical liver biopsies and who underwent at least one of these procedures between January 1,1981, and December 31,2000. Patients were categorized as having (1) heart disease affecting the liver, (2) liver disease affecting the heart, (3) the same disease affecting both organs, or (4) different diseases affecting each organ independently. RESULTS: Among 32 patients, cardiac dysfunction was present in 28 (19 systolic, 9 diastolic), and hepatic dysfunction was present in 31. In group 1, 3 of 4 patients had cardiac amyloidosis with secondary hepatic congestion. In group 2, all 3 patients had cirrhosis with cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Group 3 included 5 patients with hemochromatosis, 3 with alcoholism, and 1 with amyloidosis. In group 4, 8 of 16 patients had idiopathic cardiomyopathy, and 8 had hepatitis. Overall, of 8 patients with hemochromatosis, 3 without cardiac iron had improved cardiac function after phlebotomy, and 1 with cardiac iron had no cardiac dysfunction. Among 7 patients with alcoholism, 3 had alcoholic liver and heart disease. Of 5 patients with cardiac amyloidosis, 1 had hepatic amyloid. Ten patients underwent transplantation (6 liver, 3 heart, and 1 heart and liver). CONCLUSIONS: In one half of the patients in the study group, heart and liver diseases had independent causes. In patients with hemochromatosis, there was little correlation between cardiac iron and systolic dysfunction. In patients with chronic alcoholism, liver and heart disorders often had nonalcoholic causes. With cardiac amyloidosis, hepatic dysfunction was generally due to congestion. Specific disease in one organ did not necessarily imply similar involvement in the other. Thus, heart or liver biopsy may be useful in patients being evaluated for liver or heart transplantation, respectively.     

抗焦虑抑郁治疗对冠心病患者生活质量的影响

目的观察抗焦虑抑郁治疗对冠心病患者生活质量的影响。方法对冠心病患者进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)测评阳性患者50名,随机分成两组,第1组26人,第2组24人;量表测评阴性的患者14人为第3组。三组患者均用左旋肉碱治疗6个月,第1组同时加用氢溴酸西酞普兰。治疗前后进行生活质量的评定包括SCL-90、心血管患者生活质量量表(QOL)及心功能指标(FS、SV、CO、EF、E/A)。结果(1)治疗后各组患者的生活质量(QOL)均有显著好转,第1组治疗前(35.4±6.61)vs治疗后(19.93±2.64),P<0.01;第二组治疗前(37.20±6.83)vs治疗后(25.68±6.49),P<0.01;第三组治疗前(32.31±5.23)vs治疗后(21.38±4.43),P<0.01。第1组QOL(P<0.05)的好转更明显。(2)三组之间的SCL-90比较示抑郁、焦虑、敌对评分和总均分以第1组中下降最显著。(3)第1组的心脏收缩和舒张功能都显著提高,第3组仅收缩功能显著提高,第2组无改变。结论抗焦虑抑郁治疗增加常规药物疗效,提高冠心病患者的生活质量。     

The effect of current methods of induction anesthesia on the systolic and diastolic functions of the left and right heart in patients with ischemic heart disease

Perioperative echocardiography and right ventricular volumic monitoring were used for more essential evaluation of different hypnotics in cardiosurgical patients. Our comparative study has shown that all the examined hypnotics induced no changes in systolic function of the left ventricle. Midazolam and propofol exerted minor depressive influence only on diastolic left ventricular function without significant fall of cardiac output. Etomidate moderately worsened diastolic and systolic right ventricular function with cardiac output decrease. The combined use of diazepam and ketamine provided excellent hemodynamic stability without negative effects on systolic and diastolic heart function.     

Heart rate variability and diastolic heart failure

Diastolic heart failure accounts for up to 40% of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), and is associated with a better prognosis as compared to patients with systolic dysfunction. Nevertheless, patients with diastolic dysfunction have a significantly higher mortality as compared to the normal population. Reduced heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of autonomic dysfunction, is associated with increased mortality in patients with systolic heart failure. We therefore sought to determine to what extent HRV is altered in a population of patients with diastolic heart failure. Twenty-four hour ambulatory (Holter) recordings were performed in 19 consecutive patients with diastolic heart failure, in 9 patients with systolic heart failure, as well as in 9 healthy volunteers (normal controls). Time and frequency domain HRV variables were obtained for all three groups of patients. Both Time and Frequency domain variables were found to be reduced in both heart failure groups compared to normal controls. When compared with each other, patients with diastolic function had relatively higher values of HRV variables, compared to those with systolic dysfunction (SDNN, Total power, ULF power, all P 相似文献   

The detection of early disorders of the heart pumping function in patients with ischemic heart disease by using stress Doppler echocardiography

AIM: To determine potential of loading Doppler echocardiography (DECG) in detection early, subclinical dysfunction of left ventricular pump capacity in patients with ischemic heart disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle (LV) before and during transesophageal electrocardiostimulation (TEECS) were assessed in 65 patients (55 males and 10 females, mean age 47 +/- 1.3 years) with effort angina functional class I, II and III and 25 control patients. RESULTS: Initial LV systolic function did not differ from control values. In the course of TEECS, LV systolic function declined in accordance with severity of angina and stimulation frequency. Initial LV diastolic function was reduced only in patients with angina class II and III. These changes were more pronounced in the course of TEECS. CONCLUSION: Stress Doppler echocardiography is a reliable tool in detection of early, preclinical impairment of cardiac pump function in patients with ischemic heart disease.     

麻醉诱导前负荷剂量右美托咪定静注+术中持续泵注对老年高血压合并冠心病择期非心脏手术患者心肌损伤标志物及应激反应指标水平的影响

目的 分析麻醉诱导前负荷剂量右美托咪定静注+术中持续泵注对老年高血压合并冠心病择期非心脏手术患者心肌损伤标志物及应激反应指标水平的影响.方法 选取2019年5月至2021年5月收治的86例老年高血压合并冠心病择期非心脏手术患者,按电脑盲选法将其分为对照组(n=43,麻醉诱导前负荷剂量生理盐水静注+术中持续泵注)与研究组...     

参附注射液对心衰患者BNP、血浆ET-1、左心收缩功能指标影响观察63例

目的：观察在常规药物治疗慢性心力衰竭（简称心衰）的基础上,加用参附注射液治疗,患者血液中的BNP、血浆ET-1、左心室收缩功能指标及临床症状的变化。方法：将63例患者随机分为对照组31例,参附治疗组32例。2组均根据2009ACC/AHA心力衰竭指南采用抗心衰治疗。参附治疗组在此基础上加用参附注射液50ml,1次/d,疗程为10d。治疗前后分别测定患者脑钠肽、血浆内皮素-1指标,左心室收缩功能指标[（左室射血分数（LVEF）,左心室收缩末期容积（SV）,心排血量（CO）,排指数（CI）],并进行统计学比较。结果：2组患者症状均有所改善,治疗后较治疗前的BNP、血浆ET均有下降,且左心室收缩能力均有增强,同时参附治疗组优于对照组,总有效率93.7%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：心衰在常规治疗基础上联合参附注射液能更有效干预心衰患者BNP、血浆ET、左心收缩功能指标,改善心衰患者症状。     

搏动性导管泵在绵羊心脏复苏中的应用

目的探讨搏动性导管(pulsatile catheter, PUCA)泵在心脏复苏中的应用,为临床抢救心跳骤停的患者提供一种新的思路.方法健康绵羊11只,致室颤心脏停跳行心脏复苏,根据有无PUCA泵辅助及辅助是否及时分三组无辅助(n=3)、延迟辅助(n=2)和即时辅助(n=6),记录并比较3组复苏所持续时间和成败率.分别于复苏后5 min、60 min和180 min监测并记录血流动力学参数.结果无辅助、延迟辅助和即时辅助复苏持续时间分别为(38.3±5.8) min、(43.5±9.2) min和(48.7±23.8) min,3组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05);3组成败比分别为0/3、0/2和5/1,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).复苏成功的5只绵羊在支持期间血流动力学逐步恢复并趋向稳定,血压在辅助180 min与5 min相比有明显的统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论心跳骤停中,在PUCA泵即时辅助下行心脏复苏明显提高复苏成功率,并能恢复和稳定复苏动物的血流动力学;该结果可望拓展PUCA泵在临床上新的应用.     

米力农治疗急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭临床疗效观察

目的观察米力农治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)后心力衰竭患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择住院治疗的AMI后出现心力衰竭患者103例,心功能KillipⅢ~Ⅳ级,随机分为对照组51例与治疗组52例。对照组予以常规控制心力衰竭治疗;治疗组在此基础上加用米力农,给予米力农负荷量50μg/kg,10 min缓慢静注,以后0.5μg/(kg.min)静脉持续泵入,5 d为1个疗程。治疗前后评估患者心功能指标变化。结果治疗后2组患者脑钠肽(BNP)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心排血量(CO)、心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)等指标较治疗前均有明显改善(P<0.05或P<0.01),而治疗组治疗后BNP、LVEF、CO、HR水平明显优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),治疗后2组SBP、DBP比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗过程中未见明显不良反应。结论短期、小剂量持续应用米力农治疗AMI后心力衰竭安全有效。     

超声心动图在倍频Nd:YAG/532激光心肌血运重建术实验研究中的应用

目的　应用超声心动图技术评价倍频Nd :YAG/5 3 2 (KTP)激光心肌血运重建术 (TMLR)对急性心肌梗死犬心脏功能的影响。方法　家犬 12条 ,随机分为TMLR组和对照组 ,每组 6条 ,结扎左前降支中段 ,造成急性心肌梗死犬模型 ,TMLR组在梗死区以KTP激光行TMLR。术后动物饲养 2～ 3月 ,以超声心动图经体表检测左室射血分数 (EF)、左室短轴缩短率 (FS)、室壁运动指数 (WMSI)、心输出量 (CO)作为左室收缩功能的指标。测量二尖瓣口舒张早期和舒张晚期血流速率 (Ve ,Va)及E/A作为左室舒张功能的指标。以局部室壁收缩增厚率 (ΔT)和心肌运动速率 (S、E和A峰 )代表梗死局部心肌的功能。结果超声心动图检查发现 ,反映动物心脏整体收缩功能和整体舒张功能的指标两组之间比较差异均无显著意义 (均P >0 .0 5 ) ;而反映梗死区局部收缩和舒张功能的指标 ,TMLR组明显好于对照组 ,两组之间差异有显著性意义 (均P <0 .0 5 )。结论　KTP激光TMLR对梗死局部心肌功能有改善作用 ,但对心脏整体功能则无明显作用     

脓毒症休克目标治疗后左心室特征及其相关因素分析

目的探讨脓毒症休克目标治疗后左心室特征及其相关因素。方法 25例胆囊、小肠、结肠与直肠穿孔并发脓毒症休克患者,行早期目标性指导治疗(EGDT)与急诊手术后由急诊重症监护室(EICU)医生做液体管理,记录24小时内急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、72小时内超声心动图及部分治疗措施,根据28天生存状况分成存活组(9例)和死亡组(16例),并对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果死亡组初始APACHEⅡ、72小时内左心室舒张功能障碍发生率及分级高于存活组,左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)低于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。存活组LVEDD与日累积液体正平衡、心率呈负相关(r分别为-0.73、-0.81,均P<0.05);死亡组LVEDD与日累积液体平衡、心率均无显著性关联。组合功能障碍死亡患者日累积液体正平衡高于单纯舒张性心功能障碍死亡患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但近期肾损伤发生率低于单纯舒张性心功能障碍患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脓毒症休克目标治疗后,普遍存在左心室舒张功能减低;左心室舒张末期内径不增大、左心舒张功能障碍与EGDT达标后预后不良关系密切。     

Diagnosis and management of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure

Diastolic heart failure occurs when signs and symptoms of heart failure are present but left ventricular systolic function is preserved (i.e., ejection fraction greater than 45 percent). The incidence of diastolic heart failure increases with age; therefore, 50 percent of older patients with heart failure may have isolated diastolic dysfunction. With early diagnosis and proper management the prognosis of diastolic dysfunction is more favorable than that of systolic dysfunction. Distinguishing diastolic from systolic heart failure is essential because the optimal therapy for one may aggravate the other. Although diastolic heart failure is clinically and radiographically indistinguishable from systolic heart failure, normal ejection fraction and abnormal diastolic function in the presence of symptoms and signs of heart failure confirm diastolic heart failure. The pharmacologic therapies of choice for diastolic heart failure are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, and beta blockers.