慢性病毒性肝炎患者血清中瘦素与肝纤维化指标的关系

研究血清瘦素水平与慢性病毒性肝炎和肝纤维化之间的关系。用放射免疫法检测 4 5例慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者血清中的瘦素和肝纤维化指标的水平。发现CHB患者血清瘦素水平 (7 6 3± 2 19)ng/ml显著高于正常对照组 (3 82± 1 0 9)ng/ml,其瘦素 /BMI值也显著高于正常对照组 ,CHB患者的血清瘦素水平与肝纤维化指标层粘蛋白 (LN)、透明质酸 (HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原 (PCⅢ )和Ⅳ胶原 (ⅣC)的水平呈正相关。瘦素与慢性病毒性肝炎肝纤维化的形成密切相关     

乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清IGF-Ⅰ水平与肠道屏障功能损害的关系分析

目的研究乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)水平与肠道屏障功能损害的关系。方法 2015年1月~2017年1月我院诊治的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者107例,其中Child-Pugh A级35例,Child-Pugh B级42例,Child-Pugh C级30例,另选同期健康志愿者40例。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清IGF-Ⅰ水平,采用化学比色法检测血清二胺氧化酶(DAO),采用改良酶学分光光度法检测血清D-乳酸,采用显色基质鲎实验法检测血清内毒素,采用高压液相色谱分析法检测尿液乳果糖/甘露醇(L/M)排出比。结果健康人血清IGF-Ⅰ水平为(217.1±40.2)ng/ml,显著高于Child-Pugh A级肝硬化患者的(180.3±33.4)ng/ml、B级的(152.4±26.5)ng/ml或C级的(126.9±21.8)ng/ml(P0.05);健康人血清DAO、D-乳酸、内毒素和尿液L/M比值分别为(2.5±0.5)U/ml、(7.1±1.3)μg/ml、(0.4±0.1)EU/ml和(6.3±1.1)%,显著低于Child-Pugh A级肝硬化患者的(3.3±0.7)U/ml、(9.0±1.6)μg/ml、(0.6±0.1)EU/ml和(9.2±1.7)%或B级的(4.6±0.9)U/ml、(11.2±1.9)μg/ml、(0.8±0.1)EU/ml和(12.6±2.3)%或C级的(5.8±1.0)U/ml、(13.4±2.4)μg/ml、(1.1±0.2)EU/ml和(15.7±2.8)%(P0.05);乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清IGF-Ⅰ与DAO、D-乳酸、内毒素和尿液L/M比值均呈负相关(r=-0.845、r=-0.808、r=-0.867、r=-0.839,P0.01)。结论乙型肝炎肝硬化患者存在肠道屏障功能损害,检测血清IGF-Ⅰ水平有一定的判断意义。     

肝脏瞬时弹性成像技术及血清肝纤维化指标在肝硬化中的评估作用

目的探讨肝脏瞬时弹性成像技术及血清肝纤维化指标在肝硬化中的评估价值。方法研究对象为青海省人民医院2017年9月～2018年3月收治的125例病毒性肝炎肝硬化患者,根据肝硬化Child-Pugh分级分为A级67例,B级32例,C级26例,另选取30例健康体检者作为对照组。检测所有研究对象的血清肝纤维化4项指标[透明质酸(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)],并对所有肝硬化患者进行肝脏瞬时弹性成像检查。比较不同肝硬化Child-Pugh分级患者的肝纤维化4项指标及肝脏硬度值(LSM)。结果肝硬化Child-Pugh分级A、B、C级组患者血清HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),且肝纤维化4项指标血清水平随着肝硬化Child-Pugh分级的增加而明显升高,各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。肝硬化Child-Pugh分级A级患者LSM显著低于肝硬化Child-Pugh分级B级与C级,肝硬化Child-Pugh分级B级患者LSM又显著低于肝硬化Child-Pugh分级C级,三组比较有显著差异(P0.05)。通过对血清肝纤维化指标、LSM与Child-Pugh分级总分的Pearson相关分析得出,血清HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LSM水平与Child-Pugh分级总分呈正相关(P0.05)。结论肝硬化患者的肝硬化Child-Pugh分级越高,肝纤维化4项指标血清水平越高,LSM越大,肝脏瞬时弹性成像技术及血清肝纤维化指标可作为肝硬化严重程度评估的有效手段。     

慢性乙肝患者HBV DNA载量及肝纤维化相关性分析

目的:探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者血清乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA载量与肝纤维化标志物透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原肽、Ⅳ型胶原和层黏连蛋白水平的相关关系。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR检测血清HBV DNA载量,采取酶促速率法检测血清ALT水平,采用化学发光检测透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原肽、Ⅳ型胶原和层黏连蛋白的水平。结果:1 358例慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA载量为(4.51±1.28)copies/ml,而血清ALT、透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原肽、Ⅳ型胶原和层黏连蛋白的水平分别为32U/L,136ng/ml,11.27ng/ml,61ng/ml,64ng/ml,统计学分析显示血清HBV DNA载量与透明质酸水平正相关(r=0.915),但与Ⅲ型前胶原肽、Ⅳ型胶原和层黏连蛋白的水平以及ALT水平没有相关性。结论:慢性乙型肝炎患者病毒复制水平与肝细胞损伤程度程度无相关性,但与透明质酸呈正相关,因此慢性乙肝患者即使肝功能正常,也要定期检查血清HBV DNA载量和透明质酸水平。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清瘦素水平与肝纤维化程度相关

目的研究血清瘦素与慢性乙型肝炎肝脏炎症和肝纤维化程度之间的关系.方法20例慢性乙型肝炎患者在聚乙二醇α-2a干扰素治疗前及治疗48周、随访24周后进行肝穿刺病理学检查,另20例患者进行1次肝穿刺.采用ELISA方法检测40例慢性乙型肝炎患者血清瘦素水平,20名健康人作为对照组,对血清瘦素与肝组织炎症分级、纤维化分期间的关系进行分析.结果慢性乙型肝炎患者血清瘦素水平(12.89±7.47)ng/ml明显高于健康对照组(2.57±1.29)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).S0(5例)、S1(14例)、S2(16例)、S3(14例)、S4(11例)期肝纤维化血清瘦素水平分别为(2.62±0.89)ng/ml、(5.26±1.60)ng/ml、(13.15±4.52)ng/ml、(17.08±3.78)ng/ml、(21.56±5.89)ng/ml,随纤维化程度加重,血清瘦素水平增加;血清瘦素水平与肝组织纤维化分期成正相关(r=0.845,P＜0.01).20例患者在聚乙二醇α-2a干扰素治疗前、后肝组织纤维化计分分别为10.91±6.32和7.43±4.15,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗前、后血清瘦素水平分别为18.35±4.93和13.57±5.39,差异有统计学意义(P=0.006).G0(4例)、G1(12例)、G2(22例)、G3(16例)、G4(6例)级炎症血清瘦素水平分别为(2.66±1.03)ng/ml、(9.04±4.92)ng/ml、(13.22±7.38)ng/ml、(16.19±7.71)ng/ml、(17.41±4.25)ng/ml,G0与G1级、G1与G2级患者血清瘦素水平差异无统计学意义(P=0.006),G2、G3、G4级患者血清瘦素水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),G3～G4级患者血清瘦素水平与G1级相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论血清瘦素与慢性乙型肝炎肝组织纤维化分期密切相关.     

慢性乙型肝炎和肝硬化患者血清骨桥蛋白和TGF-β1水平变化

目的分析慢性乙型肝炎和肝硬化患者血清骨桥蛋白(OPN)和转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)水平变化。方法选择慢性乙型肝炎患者268例,其中轻度54例、中度89例、重度73例和乙型肝炎肝硬化52例,采用ELISA法检测血清OPN和TGF-β1,采用化学发光免疫法检测血清III型前胶原(PC III)、IV型胶原(C IV)、层连蛋白(LN)和透明质酸(HA)。结果慢性乙型肝炎中度患者血清OPN和TGF-β1水平分别为(67.45±8.33)ng/ml和(164.30±34.61)pg/ml,显著高于慢性乙型肝炎轻度患者【分别为(31.28±7.45)ng/ml和(89.21±18.54)pg/ml,P0.05】;重度患者血清OPN和TGF-β1水平分别为(83.21±12.45)ng/ml和(248.95±52.33)pg/ml,显著高于轻度【分别为(31.28±7.45)ng/ml和(89.21±18.54)pg/ml,P0.05】或中度【分别为(67.45±8.33)ng/ml和(164.30±34.61)pg/ml,P0.05】;重度患者血清PC III和LN水平分别为(22.04±6.12)ng/ml和(181.06±37.89)ng/ml,显著高于轻度【分别为(13.84±3.11)ng/ml和(121.32±20.84)ng/ml,P0.05】;乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清OPN和TGF-β1水平分别为(138.42±29.11)ng/ml和(456.39±97.60)pg/ml,显著高于慢性乙型肝炎患者(P0.05);无论是在肝炎还是肝硬化患者,血清OPN水平与血清PC III、C IV、LN、HA水平呈显著正相关(r=0.397、r=0.416、r=0.402、r=0.435,P0.05);血清TGF-β1水平与PC III、C IV、LN、HA水平呈显著正相关(r=0.426、r=0.493、r=0.415、r=0.481,P0.05)。结论慢性乙型肝炎和肝硬化患者血清OPN和TGF-β1水平升高,可能与肝纤维化发生有关。     

肝硬化患者血清和腹水激活素A的测定

目的　观察肝硬化患者血清和腹水激活素A浓度变化及其影响因素。方法　采用ELISA法分别测定 45例肝硬化患者 (Child PughA级 10例 ,B级 2 3例 ,C级 12例 )血清和腹水激活素A ,采用ELISA法测定 2 0名正常人血清激活素A。采用标准酶法测定血清门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT)、碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)及尿素氮。结果　肝硬化患者血清激活素A的水平 ( 2 .71ng/ml± 1.90ng/ml)较对照组 ( 0 .2 1ng/ml± 0 .15ng/ml)明显升高 (P <0 .0 1)。Child PughA、B、C级肝硬化患者血清激活素A分别为 ( 1.44± 0 .16)ng/ml、( 1.95± 0 .45 )ng/ml和 ( 3 .0 8± 0 .65 )ng/ml,各级间比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。血清激活素A与Child Pugh分级 (r =0 .894,P =0 .0 41)、ALT(r =0 .64 7,P =0 .0 0 0 )、AST(r =0 .5 5 0 ,P =0 .0 0 0 )及ALP(r=0 .3 2 8,P =0 .0 2 8)具有正相关性。肝硬化患者腹水激活素A水平为 ( 0 .43± 0 .2 4)ng/ml,Child PughA、B、C级肝硬化患者腹水激活素A分别为 ( 0 .3 9± 0 .2 1)ng/ml、( 0 .48± 0 .2 7)ng/ml和 ( 0 .41± 0 .2 2 )ng/ml ,各级之间比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;腹水激活素A与血清激活素A无相关性 ;与肾功能呈负相关 (r =-0 .415 ,P =0 .0 0 3 )。结论　肝硬化     

糖尿病肾病患者血清Ⅳ型胶原的临床观察

用夹心酶联免疫分析方法对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者40例、正常对照组30例的血清中完整的Ⅳ型胶原分子进行检测.观察其与糖尿病肾病之间的关系,并将其与血肌酐水平、内生肌酐清除率进行相关性分析.结果正常对照组的血清Ⅳ型胶原水平为89.663+8.445ng/ml,Ⅱ型糖尿病患者为472.986±227.143ng/ml,显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01).随着糖尿病肾病的进展,血清Ⅳ型胶原水平逐步增加,血清Ⅳ型胶原水平同血肌酐水平、内生肌酐清除率无相关性(r=0.0130和r=0.0232,P＞0.05).结论血清Ⅳ型胶原浓度反映了Ⅱ型糖尿病患者Ⅳ型胶原合成的增加,对于鉴别糖尿病肾病的进展是有意义的.     

2型糖尿病患者血浆瘦素的测定及其相关因素分析

目的研究2型糖尿病患者血浆瘦素与年龄、性别、体重指数、胰岛素、血糖的关系.方法用放射免疫分析法测定59例2型糖尿病患者血浆瘦素和胰岛素,用葡萄糖氧化酶法测血糖,并测量身高、体重,计算体重指数.结果平均瘦素水平男性(7.96±6.29) ng/ml,女性(16.07±13.14) ng/ml,女性较男性明显为高.血浆瘦素与 BMI呈显著相关(男性r=0.650,P＜0.001,女性r=0.654,P＜0.001).血浆瘦素与胰岛素显著相关(r=0.310,P＜0.05).瘦素与年龄无关(P＞0.5),与血糖无关(r=0.026,P＞0.5).结论血浆瘦素浓度与BMI 显著相关,显示存在瘦素抵抗,瘦素与胰岛素有显著相关性,提示瘦素可能与2型糖尿病之间有一定的内在联系.     

男性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清瘦素及血脂水平的研究

目的检测男性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清瘦素及血脂水平，探讨其异常变化的临床意义。方法男性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者64例，男性健康受试者28名，用ELISA法检测血清瘦素水平，用全自动生化分析仪检测肝功能和血脂。对血清瘦素、血脂与肝功能的关系进行分析。结果各组乙型肝炎肝硬化Child-Pugh分级患者与对照组比，血清瘦素水平无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；与正常对照组比，乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血CHO和LDL水平显著降低（P〈0．01），按Child分级由A到C级各组CHO和LDL水平逐渐降低，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。无腹水肝硬化患者血清瘦素水平与BMI及Fat％均呈显著正相关。结论血清瘦素水平不能作为评价男性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者病情严重程度的指标，血清胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白是肝功能减退的指标。瘦素可能参与了男性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的营养不良。     

活体肝移植的进展与展望

活体肝移植（LDLT）可扩大供肝来源,有效缓解供体紧缺局面,尤其是对儿童、急性肝功能衰竭患者和无,法长期等待的肝癌患者有着十分重要的意义。为尽可能减少LDLT潜在的手术风险,尤其是供者的风险,应由肝病内外科医师共同进行严格的供受体术前评估和准备,选择恰当的手术方案。中闰应稳步开展LDLT,并积极拓展尸体和脑死亡供体肝移植,进一步发展儿童LDLT和劈离式肝移植（SIX）以提高器官利用率。在第六届上海国际胃肠病学会议期间,国内外肝病专家就LDLT的现状作了相关报道,本文就此次会议的有关内容和最新进展作一简要介绍。     

Liver regeneration after liver resection: Clinical aspects and correlation with infective complications

AIM:To investigate whether early liver regeneration after resection in patients with hepatic tumors might be influenced by post-operative infective complications.METHODS:A retrospective analysis of 27 liver resections for tumors performed in a single referral center from November 2004 to January 2010.Regeneration was evaluated by multidetector computed tomographyat a mean follow-up of 43.85 d.The Clavien-Dindo classification was used to evaluate postoperative events in the first 6 mo after transplantation,and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions were used for healthcare associated infections data.Generalized linear regression models with Gaussian family distribution and log link function were used to reveal the principal promoters of early liver regeneration.RESULTS:Ten of the 27 patients(37%)underwent chemotherapy prior to surgery,with a statistically significant prevalence of patients with metastasis(P=0.007).Eight patients(30%)underwent embolization,3 with primary tumors,and 5 with secondary tumors.Twenty patients(74%)experienced complications,with 12(60%)experiencing Clavien-Dindo Grade 3a to 5 complications.Regeneration≥100%occurred in 10(37%)patients.The predictors were smaller future remnant liver volume(-0.002;P<0.001),and a greater spleen volume/future remnant liver volume ratio(0.499;P=0.01).Patients with a resection of≥5 Couinaud segments experienced greater early regeneration(P=0.04).Nine patients experienced surgical site infections,and in 7 cases Clavien-Dindo Grade 3a to 4 complications were detected(P=0.016).There were no significant differences between patients with primary or secondary tumors,and either onset or infections or severity of surgical complications.CONCLUSION:Regardless of the onset of infective complications,future remnant liver and spleen volumes may be reliable predictors of early liver regeneration after hepatic resection on an otherwise healthy liver.     

Current management of liver diseases and the role of multidisciplinary approach

Liver is an organ having extremely diversified functions, ranging from metabolic and synthetic to detoxification of harmful chemicals. The multifunctionality of the liver in principle requires the multidisciplinary and pluralistic interventions for its management. Several studies have investigated liver function, dysfunction and clinic. This editorial work discusses new ideas, challenges and perspectives of current research regarding multidisciplinary and pluralistic management of liver diseases. In one hand the discussions have carried out on the involvement of extracellular vesicles, Na⁺/H⁺ exchangers, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Epstein–Barr virus infections, Drug-induced liver injury, sepsis, pregnancy, and food supplements in hepatic disorders. In the other hand this study has discussed hepatocellular carcinoma algorithms and new biochemical and imaging experiments pertaining to liver diseases. Relevant articles with an impact index value "> 0" from reference citation analysis, which is an open multidisciplinary citation analysis database based on artificial intelligence technology, have served for the study’s argumentation. This work may be a useful tool for the clinical practice and research in managing and investigating liver disorders.     

人工肝在肝移植围手术期的应用

目的 探讨人工肝支持系统在肝移植围手术期的应用效果。方法采用非生物人工肝治疗9例等待供肝患者，3例肝移植术后患者(包括1例等待供肝成功过渡到肝移植患者)。9例等待供肝患者中4例成功过渡到肝移植。结果 人工肝支持后患者肝性脑病有所好转，血清胆红素明显下降。4例成功过渡到肝移植的启者中2例痊愈出院，已存活12和14个月。结论 术前使用人工肝支持系统能改善患者一般情况；原位肝移植加人工肝支持系统是治疗慢性肝衰竭的有效方法。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织病理研究

目的:探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者临床表现和病理诊断的相关性.方法:收集30例CHB患者的临床资料,分析临床表现与病理诊断的相关性.结果:肝组织的炎症和纤维化程度的相关性显著(r=0.659,P＜0.01),白蛋白/球蛋白比值(A/G)与肝脏炎症和纤维化分级显著负相关(r=-0.368,P＜0.05;r=-0.401,P＜0.05).年龄、性别及其他化验指标如ALT、AST、TP、ALB、GLO、TBil、PLT、PT、PTA、门静脉宽度、脾脏厚度等与肝组织炎症和纤维化分级无显著相关性(P＞0.05).结论:慢性乙型肝炎肝脏炎症和纤维化的严重程度密切相关,仅根据肝功能判断轻中度的CHB患者的肝脏炎症及纤维化程度有相当的局限性.     

Right hepatic lobe living donation: A 12 years single Italian center experience

Mini invasive techniques are taking over conventional open liver resections in the setting of left lateral segmentectomy for living liver donation,and hydride procedure are being implemented for the living related right hepatectomy.Our center routinely performs laparoscopic left lateral segmentectomy for pediatric recipient and has been the first in the Europe performing an entirely robotic right hepatectomy.Great emphasis is posed on living donor safety which is the first priority during the entire operation,then the most majority of our procedures are still conventional open right hepatectomy(RHLD),defined as removal of a portion of liver corresponding to Couinaud segments 5-8,in order to obtain a graft for adult to adult living related liver transplant.During this 10 years period some changes,herein highlighted,have occurred to our surgical techniques.This study reports the largest Italian experience with RHLD,focused on surgical technique evolution over a 10 years period.Donor safety must be the first priority in right-lobe living-related donation:the categorization of complications of living donors,specially,after this"highly sensitive"procedure,reflects the need for prompt and detailed reports.     

Metrically measuring liver biopsy： A chronic hepatitis B and C computer-aided morphologic description

AIM： To describe a quantitative analysis method for liver biopsy sections with a machine that we have named ＂Dioguardi Histological Metriser＂ which automatically measures the residual hepatocyte mass （including hepatocytes vacuolization）, inflammation, fibrosis and the loss of liver tissue tectonics.METHODS： We analysed digitised images of liver biopsy sections taken from 398 patients, The analysis with Dioguardi Histological Metriser was validated by comparison with semi-quantitative scoring system.RESULTS： The method provides： （1） the metrical extension in two-dimensions （the plane） of the residual hepatocellular set, including the area of vacuoles pertinent to abnormal lipid accumulation; （2） the geo- metric measure of the inflammation basin, which distinguishes intra-basin space and extra-basin dispersed parenchymal leukoo/tes; （3） the magnitude of collagen islets, （which were considered truncated fractals and classified into three degrees of magnitude）; and （4） the tectonic index that quantifies alterations （disorders） in the organization of liver tissue. Dioguardi Histological Metriser machine allows to work at a speed of 0.1 mm^2/s, scanning a whole section in 6-8 min.CONCLUSION： The results are the first standardized metrical evaluation of the geometric properties of the parenchyma, inflammation, fibrosis, and alterations in liver tissue tectonics of the biopsy sections. The present study confirms that biopsies are still valuable, not only for diagnosing chronic hepatitis, but also for quantifying changes in the organization and order of liver tissue structure.     

Introducing an Optimal Liver Allocation System for Liver Cirrhosis Patients

Background

Liver transplantation (LT) is the only treatment option for patients with advanced liver disease. Currently, liver donation to these patients, considering priorities, is based on the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD). MELD score is a tool for predicting the risk of mortality in patients with advanced liver disease. However, few studies have so far been conducted in Iran on the efficacy of MELD score of these patients.

Objectives

This study reviews the present status of the MELD score and introduces a new model for optimal prediction of the risk of mortality in Iranian patients with advanced liver disease.

Patients and Methods

Data required were collected from 305 patients with advanced liver disease who enrolled in a waiting list (WL) in Imam Khomeini Hospital from May 2008 to May 2009. All of the patients were followed up for at least 3 years until they died or underwent LT. Cox regression analysis was applied to select the factors affecting their mortality. Survival curves were plotted. Wilcoxson test and receiver operating characteristics curves for survival predictive model were used to compare the scores. All calculations were performed with the SPSS (version 13.0) and R softwares.

Results

During the study, 71 (23.3%) patients died due to liver cirrhosis and 43 (14.1%) underwent LT. Viral Hepatitis (43.7%) is the most common cause of end-stage liver disease among Iranian patients. A new model (NMELD) was proposed with the use of the natural logarithms of two blood serum variables (total bilirubin and albumin) and the patients'' age (year) by applying the Cox model:NMELD = 10 × (0.736 × ln (bilirubin) – 1.312 × ln (albumin) + 0.025 × age + 1.776)

Conclusions

The results of the Wilcoxon test showed that there is a significant difference between the usual MELD and our proposed NMELD scores (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristics curve for survival predictive model indicated that the NMELD score is more efficient compared with the MELD score in predicting the risk of mortality. Since serum creatinine was not significant in NMELD score, further studies to clarify this issue are suggested.     

肝窦内皮细胞在肝损伤中的功能研究进展

肝窦内皮细胞（liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, LSECs）位于肝血窦表面，是肝脏与血液接触的第一道防线，也是肝脏中含量最多的非实质细胞。在生理情况下，LSECs通过参与物质运输、代谢废物清除而诱导肝脏免疫耐受，从而维持肝脏稳态；在病理情况下，LSECs通过抗原递呈促进肝脏炎症反应。LSECs在维持肝再生和肝纤维化平衡中发挥了重要的调节作用。本文对LSECs功能、LSECs在肝损伤中的变化、调节LSECs功能相关的信号通路以及LSECs与肝内其他细胞的相互作用等四方面研究进展进行综述，从而进一步明确LSECs的功能及在肝损伤中的作用。     

Isolated Tuberculosis of Transplanted Liver,A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction

Recipients of liver transplantation are prone to different types of infections such as tuberculosis (TB).

Case Presentation

Herein we report a 59-year-old man with liver transplantation due to HBV cirrhosis who developed isolated hepatic TB, 18 months after OLT (orthotropic liver transplantation). He has been successfully treated with anti-TB regimen and now after 12 months he is completely symptom-free.

Conclusions

Organ transplantation and treatment of transplanted patients with immunosuppressive drugs would prone them to various unusual infections. One of these is unusual primary involvement of liver by tuberculosis which has been extremely rare in the previous reports.