加速康复外科在结肠癌手术中的应用效果评价

目的 探讨加速康复外科理念在结肠癌手术中的应用价值.方法 选取从2014年1月至2016年7月我院72例结肠癌手术患者作为研究对象,根据围术期处理措施的不同分为两组,采用加速康复外科措施的39例患者纳入加速康复外科组(ERAS组),采用常规处理方案的33例纳入常规组.观察两组患者首次肛门排气时间、首次排便时间、平均静脉输液时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、术后超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平及术后并发症的情况.结果 与常规组相比,ERAS组首次肛门排气时间[(28.52±5.53)h vs.(46.15±7.91)h,P=0.003]、首次排便时间[(50.63±10.34)h vs.(78.01±13.64)h,P=0.004]、平均静脉输液时间[(4.33±1.41)d vs.(6.73±1.81)d,P=0.017]、术后住院天数[(4.95±1.32)d vs.(9.56±2.32)d,P=0.006]均缩短;住院费用减少[(24276.5±2335.3)元vs.(29263.6±2552.4)元,P=0.001];术后并发症发生率降低(5.12％ vs.30.31％,P=0.001);术后hs-CRP水平明显低于常规组(P＜0.05).结论 加速康复外科在结肠癌根治术中应用是安全有效的并且加速患者恢复.     

加速康复护理措施在胃癌围术期中的应用效果评价

目的 探讨加速康复护理措施在胃癌患者围术期中的应用效果.方法 选择本院2014年2月至2015年10月收治的胃癌患者72例,根据两组护理方法的不同,分为加速康复组(ERAS组)(36例)和传统组(36例),对比两组患者术后首次排气时间、排便时间、进食时间、住院时间、心理应激焦虑状态、护理满意度.结果 加速康复组患者术后首次排气时间[(2.5±0.5)天vs.(3.1±0.6)天]、术后首次排便时间[(3.8±0.9)天vs.(5.3±1.5)天]、开始进食流质时间[(2.4±0.6)天vs.(3.8±0.8)天]、术后住院时间[(9.1±1.9)天vs.(11.3±2.1)天]均明显短于传统组(均P＜0.05);ERAS组的特质焦虑评分[(36.8±12.43)分vs.(40.5±10.4)分,P=0.024]、状态-特质焦虑评分[(68.6±23.46)分vs.(72.7±21.9)分,P=0.035]明显低于传统组;ERAS组患者的护理满意度明显高于传统组(97.22％ vs.83.33％,P＜0.05). 结论 胃癌患者围术期应用加速康复护理措施能够改善患者主观感受,加速患者康复,值得临床推广.     

加速康复外科理念在高龄患者腹腔镜胃癌手术中的应用研究

目的 探讨加速康复外科理念及措施在高龄患者腹腔镜胃癌根治手术中应用的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析2015年9月至2017年3月间在深圳市龙岗中心医院收治的60例接受腹腔镜胃癌根治术的高龄患者临床资料,按围术期是否采用加速康复外科措施分为ERAS组(n=30)和对照组(n=30),ERAS组患者围术期应用加速康复外科理念和措施,对照组患者采用传统治疗措施.比较两组术前基本资料、术后首次排气时间、住院时间、住院费用、术后2周胃肠功能生存质量、手术并发症的情况.结果 ERAS组术后住院时间[(8.51±0.97)天vs.(9.43±1.55)天,P<0.05]、住院费用[(49482.07±4486.59)元vs.(51774.47±3464.14)元,P<0.05]均少于对照组,ERAS组患者肺部感染发生率明显低于对照组(6.67%vs.30.00%,P<0.01).结论 高龄患者行腹腔镜胃癌根治术围术期应用加速康复外科理念和措施是安全有效的.     

快速康复外科在胃癌患者围手术期的应用

目的:观察快速康复外科（fast track surgery,FTS）理念在胃癌根治术患者围手术期应用的可行性。方法:回顾性分析2015年11月至2016年11月在青海大学附属医院胃肠肿瘤外科收治的60例行胃癌D2根治手术病人的临床资料,根据围手术期是否应用FTS理念分为FTS组（30例）及对照组（30例）。结果:FTS组患者术后首次排气时间［(2.53±0.57) d］少于对照组［(4.58±0.90) d］(P<0.01),FTS组术后住院时间［(9.67±1.32) d］少于对照组［(13.77±1.78) d］(P<0.01),及FTS组住院费用［(48 817.98±4 574.59)元］少于对照组［(63 275.03±5 681.49)元］(P<0.01);FTS组的术后切口感染、肺部感染、咽喉炎、尿路感染发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）,而在吻合口瘘、腹腔积液、心肝并发症发生率方面比较两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组病人无围手术期死亡病例,术后1个月均无再住院病例。结论:胃癌根治术病人应用FTS理念能加快患者肠道排气、缩短术后住院时间、降低治疗费用;降低了术后切口感染、肺部感染、咽喉炎、尿路感染发生率;术后吻合口瘘、腹腔积液、心肝并发症发生率无明显增加。FTS理念应用在胃癌患者围手术期是安全、可行、经济的。     

经皮椎间孔镜下行TESSYS技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究

目的探讨TESSYS技术与椎间盘镜下治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症的短期疗效。方法选取我院2015年7月至2017年7月骨科住院手术的腰椎间盘突出症患者93例,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为实验组(TESSYS技术组)及对照组(椎间盘镜技术组)。对比两组手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、术后下床时间、卧床时间、是否存在并发症等情况;对比术前、术后1、3、6、12、24个月的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)、日本骨科协会(Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA)评分;于术后12个月根据MacNab标准进行疗效评估。结果实验组患者手术时间[(56.92±23.83) min vs.(71.88±20.11) min,t=1.658,P=0.045]、切口长度[(0.89±0.13) cm vs.(3.59±0.92) cm,t=15.784,P=0.000]、术中出血量[(17.74±5.63) ml vs.(93.92±40.55) ml,t=27.944,P=0.000]、术后下床时间[(24.88±1.95) h vs.(72.77±3.74) h,t=4.332,P=0.000]、卧床时间[(5.02±1.22)天vs.(14.78±3.86)天,t=4.332,P=0.001]均优于对照组。试验组术后1个月ODI评分[(16.99±2.77)vs.(19.07±2.14)]、JOA评分[(18.44±1.52) vs.(17.78±1.59)]、下肢VAS评分[(6.48±1.34) vs.(7.15±1.42)]、腰部VAS评分[(3.11±1.02) vs.(3.56±1.24)]均优于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后3、6、12、24个月,两组VAS评分、ODI评分、JOA评分的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后12个月两组疗效差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后12个月,试验组优良率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(86.67%vs. 87.50%,P0.05)。结论与椎间盘镜治疗术相比较,经皮椎间孔镜下TESSYS技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症有损伤小、出血量少、恢复速度快等优势,是一种值得临床推广的手术方式。     

残胃癌与初发胃癌外科治疗及预后的比较研究

目的:回顾分析残胃癌与初发胃癌手术治疗及预后的差异.方法:对我院2000-01-2007-12收治的残胃癌根治手术切除患者69例,并取同期手术治疗的初发胃癌69例做对照研究.结果:残胃癌组和胃癌组相比,手术时间[(225.4±34.9) min vs(184.0±30.9)min]、术中出血[(416.8±338.6)mL vs(227.8±185.3)mL]、联合脏器切除率(30.43％ vs 4.35％)、术后并发症(27.54％ vs 7.25％)、术后住院时间[(15.4±5.6) d vs(12.5±3.8)d]的差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05;而清除淋巴结数目[(17.3±5.6)枚vs(17.9±6.4)枚]、3年生存率(40.6％ vs 53.6％)相比差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论:残胃癌手术难度较大、并发症高,术后住院时间长,但其预后与初发胃癌无差异.     

胸腔镜与开胸手术治疗非小细胞肺癌围手术期相关指标的比较

目的:比较胸腔镜肺癌根治术(VATS)与常规开胸手术治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的术中并发症.方法:选取NSCLC患者86例,胸腔镜组和开胸组各43例.比较手术时间、术中出血量、清扫淋巴结组数和个数、疼痛评分、术后第一天引流量、术后下床时间和住院时间等指标.结果:胸腔镜组与开胸组术中出血量[(115.52±22.15) ml vs (205.62±28.21) ml]、痛疼评分[(4.49±1.21) vs (6.24±2.02)]、术后第一天引流量[(320±120.23) ml vs (541±150.91) ml]、下床活动时间[(1.23±0.76) d vs (2.38±0.71) d]及住院时间[(8.28±2.17) d vs (14.31±1.54) d]差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而手术时间[(145.62±27.26) min vs (142.12±32.41) min]、清扫淋巴结组数[(5.41±1.21) vs (6.02±0.98)]和清扫淋巴结个数[(14.26±2.18) vs (14.58±3.05)]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者围术期均无严重并发症.结论:VATS治疗NSCLC具有手术创伤小,患者恢复快,且患者疼痛轻,是NSCLC的选择之一.     

加速康复外科理念在腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术患者围手术期的应用

目的探讨加速康复外科理念对腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术患者围手术期的效果。方法选取2014年5月至2016年5月间湖北省咸丰县人民医院收治的80例腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术患者,依据治疗方法分为加速康复外科理念治疗组(简称FTS理念治疗组)和传统治疗组,每组40例。对两组患者临床疗效、术后并发症发生情况、手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、住院时间及治疗费用进行比较分析。结果 FTS理念治疗组患者的痊愈率为90.0%,高于传统治疗组患者的70.0%,FTS理念治疗组患者的术后并发症发生率为5.0%,低于传统治疗组的20.0%,两组组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。FTS理念治疗组患者的术后排气时间(13.6±3.8)h和住院时间(4.2±0.5)d,均短于传统治疗组的(17.7±3.9)h和(5.6±0.8)d。FTS理念治疗组患者的治疗费用(6751.9±179.8)元,低于传统治疗组的(7439.1±285.8)元,两组组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论加速康复外科理念治疗腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术患者围手术期有较高的治疗效果,患者住院时间短,治疗费用较少,值得临床推广应用。     

快速康复外科理念在食管癌、贲门癌手术中的应用

目的探讨快速康复外科(fast track surgery,FTS)理念在食管癌、贲门癌手术中应用的可行性和有效性。方法选取我院2011年1月至2013年12月食管癌、贲门癌手术患者80例。采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为对照组和FTS组,每组40例。FTS组按照FTS方案治疗,对照组按照传统方法治疗。比较两组术后疼痛评分、胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间、住院费用及术后并发症等。结果 FTS组患者术后早期6、24、48小时疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scales,VAS)评分(4.5±0.3,4.2±0.2,3.2±0.1)均明显低于对照组(6.5±0.1,6.1±0.3,4.8±0.2),差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);FTS组患者肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间和住院费用均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组并发症发生率[7.5%(3/40例)与15.0%(6/40例)]比较,差异无统计学意义(字2=1.1268,P=0.2885)。结论 FTS措施的应用在食管癌、贲门癌手术中是安全的,可有效减轻患者术后疼痛,缩短住院时间,加速患者术后康复,节省医疗费用,必将成为外科发展的趋势。     

快速康复外科在肺癌手术中的应用研究

背景与目的快速康复外科(fast track surgery,FTS)通过减少手术病人生理和心理的创伤应激,从而达到病人快速康复的目的。本研究旨在探讨FTS技术在肺癌手术中应用的可行性。方法选取80例适合单叶肺叶切除手术治疗的肺癌患者,随机分为实验组及对照组,实验组接受FTS方案治疗、对照组接受传统方法治疗。比较两组术后不同时间的疼痛程度、肺不张发生率、胸腔积液发生率、术后住院时间及住院总费用。结果FTS方案组:术后1h、6h、12h、24h、48h疼痛VAS评分均明显低于传统治疗组;肺不张发生率为10.53%,胸腔积液发生率为26.31%,术后住院时间(4±1)d,住院总费用(1.56±0.76)万元。对照组:肺不张发生率为33.33%,胸腔积液发生率为22.22%,术后住院时间(9±1)d,总费用(2.36±0.54)万元。两组比较:术后疼痛程度(视觉模拟评分)明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);肺不张发生率(P=0.035),住院时间(P=0.021)及住院总费用(P=0.024)的组间差异均有统计学意义;胸腔积液发生率的组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.223)。结论FTS方案的应用可有效促...     

Prostatectomy-pros and cons on open surgery/laparoscopic surgery/robot-assisted surgery

We have 3 options when perfoming prostatectomy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Those are retropubic radical prostatectomy, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. We compared the characteristics and results of these techniques. Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy could be superior to the others in many ways. However, it would be very difficult to adopt it in Japan because it would pose economical difficulties. The administrative assistance in the insurance systems requireds much more than we have.     

Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean surgery: vascular surgery

The commonest and most dangerous infective complication in vascular surgery is prosthetic graft infection. Despite the use of routine systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, graft infection occurs after 3-5% of all prosthetic vascular reconstructions. Infection is associated with a high rate of major morbidity and mortality, with significant time and cost implications. Management can be difficult and the outcome is often disappointing. Data from Italian Registry of Prosthetic Graft Infections show that the commonest site of infection is the aorto-femoral district and that involved bacteria are usually gram-positive in early and low-grade infections and gram-negative in late and high-grade infections. Results are poor, with a mortality rate of 15% for elective surgery and of 60% for emergency interventions. We report the results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of rifampicin-bonded Dacron grafts in aorto-femoral surgery, in which our Department was involved. Data demonstrate a reduction in total early wound and graft infection rates, and 2-year results show a small, non-significant reduction in graft infection (1.7% in study group, 2.3% in control group). The same results were obtained in two other multicenter trials.     

Razor-blade surgery

The razor blade can be a valuable tool in the performance of many minor surgical procedures. It is extremely sharp, flexible, inexpensive, readily available, and easy to use. The technique and specific applications are reviewed and discussed.     

Oncovascular surgery

Background

Surgical resection remains the cornerstone for the curative treatment of oncological disease. When a tumour mass encases a critical arterial or venous structure, successful symptom relief and long-term oncological control may be achieved through careful preoperative planning within a multi-disciplinary team incorporating oncological and vascular specialists. To highlight the strategic issues pertaining to the vascular management of these patients, this review addresses the principles in planning oncovascular surgery, namely where cancer resection necessitates concurrent ligation or reconstruction of a major vascular structure.

Design

A multiple electronic health database search was performed, including Medline, Embase, and Scopus.

Results

The published outcomes for different malignancies suggest that survival is dependent upon complete clearance of the primary pathology and tumour biology rather than vascular-related complications.

Conlcusion

Major vessel involvement of a tumour mass should not necessarily be considered a barrier to en bloc resection and hence curative surgery. Radical surgical resection may offer the only chance for cure or palliation for these patients. Detailed preoperative planning within an extended multi-disciplinary team that includes vascular specialists is essential for these complex patients.     

Open surgery in the era of minimally invasive surgery

The benefits and popularity of minimally invasive surgery are undeniable around the globe. However, open surgery is necessary and learning open surgery skills is still a necessity. Open surgery allows for better exposure to the surgical field and provides tactile sensation to facilitate the stereo visual assessment to precisely remove the lesion.Open surgery is still the key to surgical training, and the skills learned from open surgeries remain crucial for unforeseen circumstances and certain c...     

Endoscopic skull base surgery: principles of endonasal oncological surgery

Endoscopic endonasal surgery can be applied to the management of benign and malignant sinonasal neoplasms with good results. For tumors that involve the skull base, an endoscopic "craniofacial resection" can be performed with en bloc excision of the involved dura. Preliminary experience with completely endoscopic excision of olfactory neuroblastomas indicates good local control and few complications. Advantages of endoscopic endonasal surgery include improved visualization and decreased morbidity compared to traditional approaches.