加强对实习护生全程管理培养新世纪实用型护理人才

临床实习是学校教育的深化与延续,是理论联系实际的重要教学环节,是帮助一个护生顺利地完成从学生到护士这一成长过程的重要阶段.加强对护生临床实习阶段的全程管理,对培养竞争力强的新型护理人才具有重要的意义.     

护生临床实习现状分析及对策

临床实习是对护生进行综合训练的重要教学阶段,是培养护生综合能力的关键环节,是护生由学生角色向护士角色转换的过程[1],也是稳定和发展护理队伍的重要措施之一.那么,重视护生教育,为临床培养出适用型护理人才至关重要.     

我校护理人员循证护理认知现状调查与分析

对我校临床护士149人，大专护生73人，本科护生86人进行循证护理任知现状调查。经过卡方检验，应用SAS统计软件计算，结果显示对EBN（循证护理）概念的了解度，EBN知识的来源，“学习病例”的临床问题处理方式，学习EBN的态度和进一步获取护理专业知识和制定护理方案方式的比较中，临床护士和护生有显著性差异（P□0.001）说明临床护士对EBN任知情况高于大专，本科护生，但总体任知情况不理想。通过此次调查为循证护理应用于我校护理教学改革提供依据。     

心血管外科临床护理带教的体会

临床实习是护生成长为护士的重要阶段，是护生经历护理职业化的过程，是护生培养职业情感的关键时期，护理带教显得尤为重要，带教老师的素质直接影响着带教质量。心血管外科是我院重点科室，又是一个专业技术性强、急危重症患者较多的科室，监护室里有先进的监护设备和精密的仪器，心血管外科疾病在外科书上提及很少，在实习过程中一边学、一边用。     

临床护理教学管理策略

护理学是一门实践性很强的学科,护士都经历过临床实习也知道临床实习期护生从学校走向社会的重要转折点,也是理论联系实际,走向独立工作的起点,是护生实现角色转变的重要阶段[1].     

护生护患沟通技巧的规范培训与临床应用

护患沟通不仅是护士与病人或者家属之间信息交流的过程，也是与之发生相互联系的主要形式。在实施整体护理的过程中，对病人的评估、咨询、健康教育、护理实施、护理评价等几乎所有的护理环节中都需要护士应用沟通技巧。我科自2005年起在临床实习护生教学过程中，按护理程序框架设计操作流程表，加强护生护患沟通技巧的规范培训，收到良好效果。现将培训方法和体会报告如下。     

对ICU实习护生护理观察能力的培养

护理观察是指护士在临床护理工作中,有计划、有目的的考察病人健康状况及准确的收集信息,为医生正确判断病人病情提供可靠依据,为帮助病人恢复、保持、增进健康奠定基础[1]。胸心外科ICU承担着大专、本科的临床教学任务,为了加强护生在临床应用护理知识的能力,提高其护理水平,对护生观察能力的培养是重要的教学内容。1培养护生定向观察能力敏锐的观察能力应具有目的性、选择性、理解性等优良的观察品质。根据ICU内病种不同,带教老师指导护生根据病人病情制定相应的观察计划、明确观察目的、掌握观察方法,有充分的知识准备。如心血管术后…     

临床护理实习中人文精神培养的思考

临床实习是护生教育的重要阶段，是护生学习过程的最后环节，也是其从学校走向社会的重要转折点。随着新的医学模式和整体护理观的形成，使当今护理学范畴不断扩展，内涵不断加深，并已形成了独立的体系。因此，如何使护生从一开始即牢固树立以病人为中心的服务理念，顺利从工作型过渡到人文型；从任务型过渡到满意型；从医嘱型过渡到护理型；从依赖型过渡到自我管理型，临床实习阶段至关重要。     

增强实习护生带教法律意识的探讨

护生的临床实习是实现理论知识向实践能力转化,护生向护士角色转变的重要阶段[1]。随着社会的进步,各种法律、法规的不断完善,人们的法律意识不断增强,病人对医疗、护理服务及技术水平的要求越来越高,也不断用法律的眼光来衡量医疗、护理行为,以此来保护自己的合法权益。因此,怎样处理护理临床教学与病人的权益问题,避免护理纠纷的发生,有着重要的意义。1临床护理带教中存在的法律问题1.1侵犯病人隐私权及知情权病人为达到康复的目的,与护理人员沟通时,会主动讲出自己的隐私,而护生因法律意识不强可能会侵犯病人隐私。而且护生知识结构单一,…     

临床护理告知程序在外科围手术期护理中的应用

目的通过临床护理告知程序帮助临床护理工作者充分尊重患者的权益,建立良好的护患关系,从而达到提高临床护理工作质量的目的。方法使用口头告知、书面告知、公式告知的方式,根据不同情况的病人制定相应的告知计划,使用相应的告知方法。结果在外科围手术期通过合理地、恰到好处地应用告知程序,既满足了患者的心理需求,又使护士进行了自我保护,同时建立了良好的护患关系。结论在围手术期护理中对患者及其家属履行告知义务,最大程度地取得患者及其家属的配合是确保手术成功、促使病人康复的重要手段。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.