The Use of the Andragogical Approach in the Educational Function of Supervision in Social Work

The purpose of this article is to describe Malcolm Knowles' andragogical approach to the education of adults and suggest that it can be applied to the educational function of supervision in social work. The four underlying assumptions of adnragogoy: self concept, experience, readiness to learn, and time perspective and orientation to learning are discusses briefly. Knowles' seven steps of the andragogical process are related to the process of supervision in social work. The article concludes with a discussion of the personal/interpersonal and organizational advantages and disadvantages of this approach.     

The nonverbal language of the health educator

Communication in the classroom is often a problem for both students and teachers. Previous research has shown that non-verbal teaching behavior can have a profound effect on students when mixed with verbalization and may serve as a major source of confusion. Misinterpretation is common and in the area of health education may foster the development of negative health attitudes. Health education is a shared experience of students and their teacher, one which should be comfortable and supportive. It is the educators responsibility to develop teaching behaviors that are encouraging, inspiring, and comfortable. This can be accomplished by using a variety of techniques requiring a minimum of time, equipment and energy. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the need for cognizance of personal teaching behaviors and to suggest methods to evaluate these behaviors.     

Evaluation of factors influencing the formation of personal qualities in nurses

The article provides a socio-psychological evaluation of factors influencing the formation of personal qualities of nurses. For the purpose of screening diagnosis of professionally conditioned deformation of personal qualities the following semantic variables were chosen: a capacity for initiative, discipline, honesty, sympathy, communicativeness, discretion. The influence of nurses' age, specialization, place of work, family status on self-evaluations is traced. Factors are identified which influence the working stability of medium-level personnel under conditions of major curative and preventive institutions.     

Supporting personal and social development through child-led art projects in the early years settings

ABSTRACT

Personal and social development is an important area which influences children’s learning journey in all levels of education. Examining the impact of the arts on children’s development, there are several studies that adopt this focus. However, the majority of them focus on either primary or secondary education or on specific personal and social skills through a structured intervention, which is not compatible with the liberal context of the arts. Considering the importance of this area and the statement above, this research project was designed. The purpose of this paper was to examine the effects of a child-led art intervention in children’s personal and social development in the early years settings. The intervention used the ‘Play and Learn through the Arts’ (PLA) programme for a full school year. The participants were from a case study of a Greek early years setting with 5–6-year-old children. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. The findings revealed a positive influence of the arts, and more specifically of the PLA, on children’s personal and social skills.     

A study of the impact of health education inparted to school children on their knowledge, attitude and practice in regard to personal hygiene

Education concerning prevailing health problems and the method of preventing and controlling them was considered to be one of the first eight essential activities in primary health care. Hence this study was attempted to assess the impact of health education on the knowledge, attitude and practices of school children aged 10-14 years in two secondary schools situated in Burdwan District of West Bengal. For this purpose health education was imparted by a team consisting of Medical Officer and Paramedical staff. Education was given on personnel hygiene. The entire education programme was arranged in such a way that the course could be completed in six months time. The knowledge, attitude and practice status of the students was assessed before imparting training, twice during the training period at an interval of three months and finally after 9 months from the start of training. The evaluation was done with the help of scoring. The results indicated that the health knowledge of the student significantly improved after education. Attitude of the students towards personal hygiene also improved significantly after education. The practice of personal hygiene improved significantly as well. The present study also revealed that the improvement in health practice was not commensurating with the improvement of knowledge and attitude after education.     

浅议个人技术档案管理及信息化建设

医院个人技术档案管理是医院档案管理工作的重要组成部分,是卫生技术人员医疗实践、教学和科研活动中积累的技术资料,也是反映个人成长经历的凭证和依据.随着信息化建设的不断加强,医院个人技术档案管理也应当实现信息化.本文就针对所在医院个人技术档案管理的现状和信息化建设进行简要的探讨.     

Enhancing the Health Competence of School-age Children Through Behavioral Self-Management Skills

School health education programs are based on the assumption that health status is influenced by personal health practices. Health instruction cannot have a favorable impact on all factors influencing personal health behavior, so an effort must be made to determine which skills enhance health behavior for most individuals. Self-management skills can help individuals make behavioral changes consistent with their health-related decisions. This article describes several self-management skills and offers suggestions for teaching behavioral self-management.     

Exploring the feasibility of an academic course that provides nutrition education to collegiate student-athletes

The purpose of this article is to explore the delivery of nutrition education to collegiate student-athletes through an academic course. Existing literature has established the need for nutrition education among collegiate athletes. This article considers the collaboration of the university and the athletic department to better serve this population. Academic wellness courses for student-athletes can be used as models. Finally, benefits, barriers, and proposed course objectives are considered. This report proposes a potential solution to provide consistent, sustainable nutrition education to collegiate student-athletes.     

Perspective: a new ethic for health promotion: reflections on a philosophy of health education for the 21st century.

This article describes two models for thinking about the purposes of health education-a medical model and an education model--and traces how concerns about the validity of research have driven preference for the medical model. In the medical model, the purpose of health education is to develop effective interventions that will prevent people from adopting unhealthy behaviors. Here, health educators are expected to replicate the methods identified by researchers to effect targeted changes in health behavior. The article then describes an alternative way of thinking about the purposes of health education. In pursuing a philosophy of education, the purpose of research and practice would be to clarify basic social values and to strengthen one's faculty for making value judgments. Practitioners here use research results as a stimulus for dialogue about the role of good health habits in living the kind of life that community members find most valuable.     

Public health informatics: the nature of the field and its relevance to health promotion practice

The purpose of this article is to introduce the relatively new field of public health informatics and provide examples of how informatics is currently being applied to health promotion activities. Additionally, the article illustrates how informatics is well positioned to play a central role and is likely to be central to disease prevention, health education, and health promotion as it will be practiced in the future.     

Quality outcomes and program evaluation in nursing education: an overview of the journey

Program evaluation, accreditation, and ongoing quality improvement are complex, interrelated processes in nursing education. The purpose of this article is to provide a general overview of the process of evaluation and accreditation with continuous quality improvement that is required for formal nursing education programs in the United States. This article discusses core components of nursing program evaluation, regional and national accreditation, state boards of nursing and licensure, and the role of specialty certification in nursing. A case study of a private college of nursing illustrates the role of program evaluation and quality improvement in nursing education.     

Nutrition education, behavioral theories, and the scientific method: another viewpoint

In a previous viewpoint in this journal, David Buchanan suggested that the scientific model is inappropriate, ineffective, and possibly unethical in nutrition education research and championed the use of a more humanistic model. The purpose of this article is to provide a counterpoint to Buchanan's views. More specifically, this article will provide another interpretation of the current status of the scientific method in the social and behavioral sciences, will examine how the field of nutrition education has benefited from the use of the scientific method to evaluate behavioral theories, and will discuss what we are trying to achieve by using theory in nutrition education.     

Service learning within the University of Connecticut Master of Public Health Program

Since 2005, the University of Connecticut Master of Public Health Program has administered its required service-learning practicum through coordinated activities of second-year students assigned to examine a pressing public health issue in Connecticut. The initiative underscores our program's commitment to preparing students for careers as leaders in applied practice and our emphasis on collaboration. Our thematic approach links content across the core curriculum, provides a venue where students demonstrate mastery of academic principles, and affirms values of public responsibility and common purpose. Projects have focused on public health concerns associated with childhood obesity, health literacy, and living with disabilities. Working together and with community-based preceptors, students estimate service needs, assess available program/service capacity, and recommend policy options. Results are compiled within a written report that accompanies a state legislative hearing. This article presents the rationale and organization of our service-learning practicum, and describes how the experience affects the education and personal growth of students and contributes positively to the community at large.     

Distance learning in the nursing area: report of an experience

This study aims at reporting an experience of offering a course in the master program of the Universidad Nacional de Rosário. The purpose is to offer elements for a reflection on a conception of long-distance education, as an adequate and efficient modality of education, aiming at enabling a teaching with quality to a determined clientele. The course was developed in three moments: video-conference, long-distance didactic activities and a seminar. The tutoring was shared by establishing the challenge of having a dialogic relation with the students. Authors believe that long-distance education is an adequate pedagogical tool to qualify nurses who have no access to traditional graduate studies. Therefore it enables the qualification of a greater number of nurses, geographically dispersed, who are unable to scape from the routine of their personal and professional lives. Facing the need to form the country's nursing workers and qualify nurses to act as teachers, long-distance learning is an effective and possible pedagogical strategy.     

Clinical Tips: The New Commission on Dietetic Registration/Professional Development Portfolio Process: You're in the Driver's Seat

After more than 25 years of credentialing dietetic professionals, the Commission on Dietetic Registration is revising the format for logging continuing professional education. As of 2001, the new system will be phased in over 5 years. Each registered dietetic professional will now plan a course of continuing education to meet personal and professional growth needs. This is a very exciting process and one that has many asking questions of "why, how, when, and where." This article is designed to put a perspective on the new process.     

Facilitating factors for, barriers to, and outcomes of interdisciplinary education projects in the health sciences

Appropriate collaboration and communication among health professionals is viewed as increasingly important in meeting the challenges of today's health care system. Student socialization to interdisciplinary practice is thought to be facilitated through interdisciplinary academic and clinical learning experiences during the educational program. The purpose of this article is to identify factors commonly cited as facilitating and inhibiting interdisciplinary education, to provide insight for the development of successful interdisciplinary education projects.     

Fort- und Weiterbildung in der Gesundheitsförderung

Background

A contribution to far-reaching capacity building in health promotion is the expansion of core competencies and skills of persons and organisations. In the research literature, the personal decision to participate in further education and training is described as a complex decision-making process. According to recent results, the intention to participate is of central importance for it and is influenced by numerous factors at the personal and contextual level.

Objectives

The article’s purpose is to help clarify the question of which factors are important for the intention to participate in continuing education and training in the context of health promotion. For this reason the work builds on the assumptions of the theory of planned behaviour and extends it with recommendations of the relevant research literature. In this study, continuing education and training is always related to seminars in the context of health promotion.

Materials and methods

After operationalisation of the theoretical considerations, an online survey with 351 participants of health promotion seminars of an Austrian further education and training programme was carried out. For hypothesis testing, several structural equation models with latent variables were put into practice.

Results

Key factors for the intention to participate are self-efficacy, attitudes towards seminars, social expectations of significant others, and the seminar attendance in the past. Indirectly influential is moreover a complex interplay of personal behavioural and institutional framework conditions.

Conclusions

The causal models provide deeper insights into the decision-making process for participation in formal learning activities. The results help to identify the most important conditions for successful capacity building and will guide practitioners to develop (or refine) and implement adequate continuing education and training in health promotion.

     

Reliability and validity of a survey to evaluate attitudes and behaviours of pharmacy staff toward near misses

The purpose of this study was to describe attitudes and behaviours of pharmacy staff toward near misses through a survey and interviews. Themes of an acknowledgment of pharmacy process changes resulting from near miss reporting, feelings of personal responsibility, minimizing the importance of reporting near misses, and a need for further education were evident in both the survey and qualitative discussions. This survey is useful to inform educational efforts and to encourage near miss reporting.     

Avoiding obsolescence: assessing need and shaping strategies for management development

The purpose of this article is to focus on the goals of management development and to describe a variety of techniques that should be considered by health care executives in meeting their personal management development needs as well as the organization-wide needs of their institutions. Strategies for needs determination and resources available to accommodate those needs are discussed.