黑龙江省11个边境口岸蜱类调查

〔目的〕调查黑龙江省11个边境口岸蜱的种群组成。〔方法〕采用人工小时布旗法采集蜱。〔结果〕在黑龙江省11个边境口岸采获蜱3926只,计3属4种。林缘的优势种群为森林革蜱(95.9%);针阔混交林为全沟硬蜱(46.1%)和森林革蜱(31.8%)。不同口岸的蜱种组成有所不同。绥芬河口岸蜱密度指数最高(93.1%只/人工小时)。不同生境蜱密度指数有所不同。4种蜱的雌雄比:日本血蜱2.7:1,森林革蜱1.7:1,嗜群血蜱1.3:1,全沟硬蜱1.1:1。〔结论〕本次调查为黑龙江省边境口岸地区的蜱种群组成研究提供了依据。     

绥芬河口岸蚊类调查报告

目的调查绥芬河口岸蚊种组成及生态习性。方法采用诱蚊器法收集蚊类。结果2008-2009年共捕获蚊类819只,2属9种。野外草地优势种群是刺扰伊蚊,畜厩优势种群是凶小库蚊。5-9月份均有蚊类活动,7月份为蚊类活动高峰,密度为169.5只/小时 灯。结论此次调查初步了解了绥芬河口岸蚊类种群及季节消长情况,为绥芬河口岸蚊类的防控工作提供了依据。     

鼠与蜱感染人致病性巴贝虫状况的初步研究

目的了解绥芬河口岸鼠、蜱感染人致病性巴贝虫情况。方法捕鼠选用中号钢板鼠夹,布于农田、林缘,晚放晨收;采集鼠体寄生蜱,用人工小时布旗法于林缘、苔草地采集游离蜱;采用PCR检测所获鼠、蜱人致病性巴贝虫DNA片段。结果捕获鼠50只,采集寄生蜱8只,游离蜱1 501只。绥芬河口岸鼠形动物巴贝虫感染率为32%,其中黑线姬鼠的感染率(11/33)与东方田鼠(4/12)均为33.33%;鼠形动物体表寄生蜱均为全沟硬蜱,其巴贝虫感染率为25%(2/8);游离蜱4种,为森林革蜱、全沟硬蜱、嗜群血蜱、日本血蜱,巴贝虫感染率为7.87%。结论绥芬河口岸存在人巴贝虫自然疫源地,该检测结果为下一步深入了解该病的性质及其流行病学特征提供了基础。     

绥芬河口岸媒介蜱携带埃立克体及无形体感染的调查

目的 调查黑龙江绥芬河口岸地区蜱携带埃立克体及无形体感染的情况。方法 采集2019年4-6月343只活蜱（全沟硬蜱251只、嗜群血蜱84只和日本血蜱8只）样本,通过巢式PCR扩增无形体属和埃立克体属16SrRNA片段并与GenBank中相应基因序列进行比对分析。结果 在全沟硬蜱中扩增到4例无形体和1例埃立克体16SrRNA片段,而在其它三种蜱类（嗜群血蜱和日本血蜱）未扩增到目的片段,扩增片段经测序、比对后确定为Anaplasma phagocytophilum和Ehrlichia chaffeensis。在251只全沟硬蜱中,无形体检出率为1.59%(4/251),埃立克体为0.40%(1/251)。结论 绥芬河口岸地区中存在无形体和埃立克体病原,全沟硬蜱可能是该地区这两种病原的主要传播媒介蜱。     

2011-2012年平顶山市蜱类种群密度初步调查

目的了解平顶山地区蜱类种群密度情况,为制定该地区蜱的防治措施提供借鉴与科学依据。方法游离蜱调查采用人工布旗法、寄生蜱调查采用动物体表检视法。结果平顶山地区蜱类种群是长角血蜱,宝丰县游离蜱和寄生蜱平均密度分别为5.93只/人工小时,10.19只/头;舞钢市游离蜱和寄生蜱平均密度分别为3.97只/人工小时,10只/头;鲁山县游离蜱和寄生蜱平均密度分别为1.89只/人工小时,2.83只/头。湛河区游离蜱和寄生蜱平均密度分别为1.3只/人工小时,1.22只/头。结论平顶山地区密度不高,建议家畜圈养,并定期灭治。     

驻山东省部队野外驻训地域蜱种群调查分析

目的 摸清山东省野外部队驻训地域蜱分布和种群密度.方法 驻训地域游离蜱采用人工小时布旗法;动物宿主寄生蜱采用动物体表捡蜱法.结果 4个驻训地域均有蜱活动,蜱活动高峰期共捕获蜱虫12 808只,经鉴定均为长角血蜱.不同驻训地域的蜱密度存在显著差异性(F=6.791,P＜0.05),以淄博市沂源县(199.73只/h)最高...     

黑龙江绥芬河口岸重要媒介生物监测

目的调查黑龙江绥芬河口岸鼠、蜱、蚊和蠓的种类分布及种群构成。方法采用夹日法捕鼠,布旗小时法采集蜱,诱蚊灯和网捕法采集蚊、蠓等。结果 2008—2013年在黑龙江绥芬河口岸采获鼠、蜱、蚊和蠓等24 145只,经分类鉴定隶属于6科15属46种,其中鼠类3科8属10种;蜱类1科3属4种;蚊类1科3属14种;蠓1科1属18种。优势种群为黑线姬鼠(38.21%)、全钩硬蜱(42.69%)、刺扰伊蚊(60.11%)和兴安库蠓(87.38%)。不同生境、场所、月份的鼠、蜱、蚊、蠓的种群构成有所不同。结论这一研究结果为黑龙江绥芬河口岸鼠、蜱、蚊、蠓的种类分布、种群构成、与疾病关系和防控提供了参考依据。     

黑龙江省抚远口岸2019—2021年蜱类及其携带病原体调查

目的 分析抚远口岸蜱类监测数据,掌握口岸蜱类种属构成、季节消长及携带病原体情况,为抚远口岸蜱类防制及蜱传疾病的有效防控提供依据。方法 2019—2021年4-9月,采用人工小时布旗法采集蜱,种类鉴定后检测7种病原体核酸。结果 共采获蜱类351只,计1科3属4种,分别是日本血蜱、嗜群血蜱、全沟硬蜱、森林革蜱。检出3种病原体,其中斑点热群立克次体阳性率最高,为16.81%;日本血蜱的斑点热群立克次体感染率最高（66.67%）,嗜群血蜱的伯氏疏螺旋体（11.22%）和巴尔通体感染率最高（4.08%）。结论 黑龙江省抚远口岸蜱类携带立克次体、伯氏疏螺旋体等多种病原体,应加强对该地区蜱类和蜱传疾病的监测。     

济南市蜱分布及带病毒状况调查

目的调查济南市丘陵地区蜱的种类、宿主、分布及其带病毒情况。方法采用宿主体表捡拾法采集寄生蜱、人工布旗法采集游离蜱,并进行分类鉴定和病原体检测。结果在宿主动物和环境中分别捕获蜱614和108只,经鉴定均为长角血蜱。其中,羊体表捕获蜱596只,占调查宿主动物的97.1%。所有宿主动物中,羊携带蜱比例最高(53.3%),带蜱指数最高(6.7只/只或头)。在3组蜱样本中检测到新型布尼亚病毒核酸阳性,1组蜱样本中检测到立克次体阳性,4份样本均来自羊群。结论济南市的优势蜱种为长角血蜱;放养羊群是当地蜱主要宿主动物;部分蜱可能携带新型布尼亚病毒和立克次体。     

7个安徽口岸地区蜱类调查

目的调查安徽口岸地区蜱的种类、分布、季节消长情况。方法 2018—2019年,在安徽省7个口岸的不同生境,用布旗法采集野外的游离蜱,用宿主体表捕捉法收集寄生蜱。对采集的蜱进行形态学鉴定。结果共采集到蜱1890只,其中游离蜱1 866只、寄生蜱24只。经鉴定隶属于2属2种,分别为长角血蜱(Haemaphysalis longicornis)和粒形硬蜱(Ixodes granulatus),其中长角血蜱为优势种,占99.21%。自然生境中蜱密度从高到低的口岸依次为合肥新桥机场、池州口岸、黄山机场、芜湖口岸、马鞍山口岸、铜陵口岸、安庆口岸,密度分别为10.08、5.00、4.01、3.49、2.99、0.35、0只/人工小时。羊的带蜱率为42.86%,野鼠的带蜱率为15.38%。5、6月及9月为蜱数量高峰期。结论安徽口岸地区优势蜱为长角血蜱,除安庆口岸外,其他口岸自然生境中均有蜱的滋生,密度不一,应重视蜱的防控。     

天津市主要蜱类及其病原携带调查

目的了解天津市蜱类及其病原携带情况。方法采用人工小时布旗法和犬类体表检视法对全市16个区县199块社区绿地和204只犬类开展蜱类调查;同时7个区县送检社区绿地、家畜和犬类及病人等处采集的蜱。用PCR法分别检测布尼亚病毒、嗜粒细胞无形体、伯氏疏螺旋体和巴尔通体。结果蜱的收集和构成：2011年3-8月在全市8个区县共采集蜱197只,全沟硬蜱58只,占29.4%;长角血蜱139只,占70.6%。蜱密度：人工小时布旗法对全市16个区县199块社区绿地进行调查,蜱密度1.01%。染蜱率：采用犬类体表检视法调查全市16个区县的204只犬类,染蜱率1.47%,总蜱指数0.02。蜱病原携带检测：布尼亚病毒核酸Realtime RT-PCR检测阴性;嗜粒细胞无形体核酸巢氏PCR检测阴性;伯氏疏螺旋体核酸巢式PCR检测阴性;巴尔通体核酸PCR检测阴性。结论全沟硬蜱和长角血蜱是天津市的优势蜱种。今后蜱类防治重点要加强环境治理,清除杂草;同时城市中宠物狗携带蜱尤其需引起重视。有必要对蜱等生物媒介宿主动物及其病原体进行更深入的生态与分子流行病学研究。     

Genetic diversity of Theileria orientalis in tick vectors detected in Hokkaido and Okinawa,Japan

In the present study, we investigated the possible tick vectors that can transmit Theileria orientalis in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Questing ticks collected from three different districts, Taiki, Otofuke, and Shin-Hidaka, of Hokkaido included Ixodes persulcatus, Haemaphysalis megaspinosa, Haemaphysalis douglasi, and Ixodes ovatus, while all the ticks collected from Yonaguni island of Okinawa were identified as Haemaphysalis longicornis. When the ticks were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for T. orientalis, the parasite was commonly detected among all tick species. Genotype-specific PCR assays revealed that all tick species in Hokkaido were predominantly detected with type 2, while ticks collected from Okinawa (H. longicornis) were predominantly detected with type 1. Consistent with the genetic diversity of T. orientalis in ticks, genotyping PCR assays from cattle grazed in the same Hokkaido sampling locations identified type 2 as the most prevalent genotype. This study provides the first identification of I. persulcatus, H. megaspinosa, H. douglasi, and I. ovatus as possible tick vectors of T. orientalis, and finds that the variety of vectors apparently capable of transmitting T. orientalis is wider in Japan than expected. The authors suggest that tick control strategies should be modified in Hokkaido based on the seasonal activities of ticks identified in the present study.     

绥芬河口岸蝇类调查报告

目的 调查绥芬河口岸蝇类本底情况,为口岸今后鉴别外来蝇种提供依据.方法 采用诱蝇笼诱捕法,进行蝇类种群调查.结果 共捕蝇721只,经鉴定分类3科14属22种,其中黄足裸变丽蝇为黑龙江省内新纪录蝇种,优势蝇种为丝光绿蝇.结论 本次调查初步了解了绥芬河口岸蝇类种群及季节消长情况,为绥芬河口岸蝇类的防控工作提供了依据.     

我国莱姆病螺旋体生物媒介的初步调查

自1987年以来,我们在全国开展了莱姆病调查,从黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙、河北、新疆、湖北、四川、福建和北京等省、市采集的全沟硬蜱、粒形硬蜱、壤塘硬蜱、嗜群血蜱、二棘血蜱和长角血蜱分离出71株莱姆病螺旋体,其中55株从全沟硬蜱分离。全沟硬蜱是东北和西北针阔叶林区的优势蜱种,其带菌率为20~45%,表明全沟硬蜱是我国北方莱姆病螺旋体的主要生物媒介。虽然从我国南方的某些硬蜱属和血蜱属种类分离到莱姆病螺旋体,但是南方的主要生物媒介还不清楚。从我国蜱体内分离的螺旋体在超微结构、单克隆抗体反应和外表蛋白等方面与美国菌株有某些区别。     

Woodchip borders at the forest ecotone as an environmental control measure to reduce questing tick density along recreational trails in Ottawa,Canada

Recent studies have highlighted the occurrence and distribution of Ixodes scapularis ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) around the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and the need for strategies to mitigate the risk of human exposure and infection. We conducted a field study from July to October 2018 to examine the effectiveness of ecotonal woodchip borders as an environmental control method to suppress the density of host-seeking ticks along recreational trails in Ottawa. We used an experimental design with ten 100-m trail replicates randomized to intervention or control groups, and monitored questing tick density at weekly intervals in mid-summer and early fall. We compared questing tick density between woodchip-treated and untreated trails using a mixed-effects Poisson regression model. Of the 138 I. scapularis ticks collected, there were 86 adult and nymphal ticks, 37 (43 %) of which were positive for B. burgdorferi s.s. A total of 58 Haemaphysalis leporispalustris were also collected. Mean combined adult and nymphal I. scapularis density was 1.15 (1.40 standard deviation; SD) per 100 m in the control group compared to 0.28 (0.56 SD) per 100 m in the intervention group, reflecting a 75 % reduction in questing tick density on trail replicates treated with woodchip borders (p < 0.001). An effect of the intervention was observed in both sampling periods. This study indicates that woodchip borders may be an effective strategy to suppress questing tick density along trail margins where recreational trail users are more active, thereby reducing the likelihood of tick encounters.     

Distribution of ticks in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Ticks are one of the important groups of parasites, whose populations have increased in Europe in the last 20 years and, as vectors of many emerging diseases, are a major threat to human and animal health. Bosnia and Herzegovina has both climate and environmental conditions favorable for ticks. Given this risk, the aim of this study was to identify tick species currently present in this country and to compare the findings with previous studies, in order to update information on their spatial distribution and other parameters of occurrence.From March 2017 to April 2020, ticks were collected in 42 sampling areas (municipalities) throughout the country. Prespecified identification keys were used for identifying the ticks to the species level.A total of 6193 tick specimens from the Ixodidae family were collected from animal hosts or from vegetation. Ixodes ricinus was the most dominant tick species found. However, our results indicate a decrease in the relative contribution of this tick species to the overall abundance of tick populations. Dermacentor marginatus, which almost doubled in abundance compared to earlier studies, is the second most common tick species. We further confirmed the presence of Dermacentor reticulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, Hyalomma marginatum and Haemaphysalis punctata. Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes canisuga and Haemaphysalis concinna, which were previously reported at low abundance were not found amongst our specimens.