门冬氨酸阿齐霉素与红霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的对比研究

目的比较门冬氨酸阿齐霉素与红霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效。方法符合诊断标准的支原体肺炎患儿50例。随机分为两组。治疗组25例予门冬氨酸阿齐霉素10mg／kg／d滴入，连用5d。对照组25例予红霉素25mg／kg／d，连用14d。按疗效标准比较两组的疗效和不良反应。结果门冬氨酸阿齐霉素的痊愈率明显高于红霉素组。结论门冬氨酸阿齐霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎疗效好，疗程短，不良反应少，临床值得推广。     

山莨菪碱对红霉素胃肠副反应的影响及其探讨

本观察表明，红霉素伍用山莨菪碱后，红霉素胃肠反应出现率显著降低，而红霉素的抗菌效果不受影响。并对山莨菪碱明显减少红霉素胃肠反应的作用机理作了初步探讨。     

阿齐霉素对胃排空及胃平滑肌条收缩活动的影响

阿齐霉素 (ａｚｉｔｈｒｏｍｙｃｉｎ ,ＡＭ )是近年用于临床的新型大环内酯类抗生素。国外有文献报道 ,口服 5 0 0ｍｇＡＭ可明显增加胃动力[1] 。本文以小鼠和大鼠为实验对象 ,分别观察ＡＭ对胃排空和胃平滑肌条收缩活动的影响 ,进一步探讨ＡＭ对胃动力的影响。一、材料和方法1.动物 :昆明种小鼠 12 0只 ,体重 18～ 2 2 ｇ ,雌雄各半 ;Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠 12只 ,体重 2 0 0～ 2 5 0ｇ ,雌雄不拘。以上动物均由山东大学医学院动物实验中心提供。2 .主要试剂 :阿齐霉素分散片 (南京第三制药厂 ) ,多潘立酮 (ｄｏｍｐｅｒｉｄｏｎｅ ,ＤＰ ,西…     

国产美满霉素、阿齐霉素、克拉霉素治疗非淋菌性泌尿生殖道炎疗效观察

目的 为观察国产美满霉素、阿齐霉素、克拉霉素治疗NGU疗效。方法 使用国产美满霉素、阿齐霉素、克拉霉素治疗并观察272例NGU患者。结果 阿齐霉素、克拉霉素和美满霉素治愈率分别为74.58％、78.12％和51.72％。结论 阿齐霉素、克拉霉素治疗NGU效果优于美满霉素,且副作用较小,是目前治疗NGU的较好药物。     

肥大细胞与胃肠感觉和运动

肥大细胞与胃肠神经在解剖关系上有广泛的接触,在功能上两者之间存在双向调节作用,肥大细胞与胃肠感觉和运动关系密切。     

红霉素对兔胃肠平滑肌的收缩作用

以等长收缩的形式研究了红霉素对兔离体胃和十二指肠纵肌的收缩作用，红霉素为２Ｘ１０－１０～２ｘｌ０－７Ｍ，促使胃窦和十二指肠肌产生与浓度有关的收缩力增加，且这种作用不被阿托品，六烃季胺，心得安，酚妥拉明和纳洛酮阻断，但异搏定（１０－６Ｍ）可拮抗其作用。表明红霉素直接作用于胃肠平滑肌产生收缩效应，可作为促动力剂试用于临床治疗胃排空迟缓性疾病。     

红霉素促胃肠动力作用的研究进展

红霉素具有明显促胃肠动力作用，能提高食管下括约肌压力，促进胃和胆囊排空，增强胃肠蠕动，临床已用于治疗胃肠及胆道动力障碍相关性疾病。本文重点介绍红霉素对胃肠及胆道动力作用机理和临床应用现状。     

耐阿齐红霉素的梅毒感染率在升高

据Medscape．com 2月8日报道（原载Clin Infect Dis 2006；42：337-345），耐阿齐红霉素的密螺旋体苍白球感染在美国旧金山和其它社区正普遍增加。旧金山公共卫生部门的Klausner博士指出，他们正在致力于一种可评估的分子代表系统，来确定这些分离株的传播特性，以了解阿齐红霉素耐药性的增加是否表示通过性接触或抗生素选择压力下出现了新的耐药株。研究人员评估了2000-2004年旧金山感染耐阿齐红霉素的密螺旋体苍白球的患的特点，发现超过1/3标本的分子学分析表明与耐阿齐红霉素有关的是突变23s rRNA基因，     

精神因素和应激对功能性胃肠疾病内脏感觉的影响

功能性胃肠疾病是一组无明显病因可寻的临床常见病,在经济、科技、工业化高度发展的社会,已成为危害人们健康状况和生活质量的最常见的消化系疾病,因而受到广泛重视。近十年来,在社会心理因素与胃肠疾病及功能性胃肠疾病发病关     

Effect of erythromycin derivative EM523L on human interdigestive gastrointestinal tract

We investigated the effect of an erythromycin derivative, EM523L, on interdigestive gastrointestinal motor activity and plasma motilin concentrations in three healthy volunteers using an infused catheter system. We administered doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 g of EM523L to each subject as well as physiological saline. EM523L induced interdigestive migrating contractions (IMCs) that originated in the stomach and migrated to the duodenum. This response was noted in all three subjects after each dose of EM523L, while no IMCs were induced by saline. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of the EM523L-induced IMC and the spontaneous IMC. The initiation time, ie, the interval between the start of EM523L infusion and the onset of the IMC became shorter in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma motilin concentrations increased significantly after EM523L administration, suggesting that motilin is involved in the mechanism of IMC induction by this drug.     

Serotonergic modulation of visceral sensation: upper gastrointestinal tract

Agents that modify serotonergic function have therapeutic potential for the treatment of visceral hypersensitivity, either through a direct effect on perception or through modulation of visceral tone or motility. Administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors reduces oesophageal sensitivity to distension but not gastric sensitivity to distension. 5-HT ligands may also influence gastric mechanosensitivity by altering tone. Although the exact role of 5-HT receptors in the control of gastrointestinal functions remains unknown, 5-HT is generally considered to be the main candidate involved in the modulation of motor and sensory function from the gastrointestinal tract. Hence serotonergic modulation of upper gut sensitivity appears to be promising for the development of novel approaches to the treatment of functional disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract.     

Effect of erythromycin on interdigestive gastrointestinal contractile activity and plasma motilin concentration in humans

The effects of erythromycin (EM) on gastrointestinal contractile activity during the interdigestive period were investigated in seven healthy subjects using an infused catheter system, and the changes in the plasma motilin concentration were also determined. Graded EM doses (0.1–1.5 mg/kg) were administered intravenously over 5 min, usually during gastric phase I. EM induced interdigestive migrating contractions (IMCs). Their induction rate was low after low doses of EM, but gradually increased as the dose increased to reach, 71.4% at an EM dose of 0.375 mg/kg. Strong contractions, which were quite similar to phase III activity of the stomach but did not migrate or migrated incompletely to the duodenum, were observed at EM doses above 0.375 mg/kg. Therefore, the optimum dose of EM for inducing an IMC was established to be 0.375 mg/kg. In comparison with spontaneous IMCs, EM-induced IMCs had a significantly longer duration in the stomach and a significantly lower amplitude in the duodenum. These observations indicate that EM induced phase III activity more intensively in the stomach than in the duodenum. The plasma motilin concentration increased significantly during EM-induced IMCs, and this suggested a close relationship between this hormone and induction of the IMC. The increase in motilin levels was also observed of the strong gastric contractions which did not migrate or migrated incompletely to the duodenum. Therefore, it seems reasonable to suggest that motilin is involved in phase III activity of the stomach rather than in that of the duodenum.     

Trophic effects of pentagastrin on gastrointestinal tract in fed and fasted rats

In rats injected with pentagastrin (2-500 micrograms/kg subcutaneously) in saline, peak gastric acid responses occurred after 31 (30-min output) or 63 micrograms/kg (60-min output). Rats were fed or fasted for 48 h and injected every 8 h with 63, 250, or 1000 micrograms/kg pentagastrin. Fasting decreased body weight (30% versus fed), serum gastrin (90%), and weight and protein content of oxyntic and pyloric gland areas, pancreas, small intestine, and colon. Deoxyribonucleic acid content or [3H]thymidine incorporation was decreased in all organs except colon. The lowest dose of pentagastrin significantly increased [3H]thymidine incorporation in the oxyntic gland area of fed rats and the small intestine of fasted rats, although organ weight, protein, or deoxyribonucleic acid content did not increase. These data indicate that short-term fasting has dramatic effects on gastrointestinal organ growth in rats and that pentagastrin reverses some of these changes.     

Effect of erythromycin on antroduodenal motility in children with chronic functional gastrointestinal symptoms

To evaluate the effects of erythromycin on antroduodenal motility in children with chronic functional gastrointestinal symptoms, we studied 35 consecutive subjects referred for diagnostic motility studies. We recorded fasting motility for >4 hr, then infused in random order either 1 or 3 mg/kg erythromycin intravenously over 1 hr and continued the study for another hour. Erythromycin induced phase III in 18 of 20 children who had phase III during fasting compared to only one of 15 who did not (P<0.001). The antral motility index increased after erythromycin (1596±323 vs 436±242 mm Hg/30 min before erythromycin,P<0.005) but the duodenal motility index did not change. The antral motility index was greater in children receiving 3 mg/kg than in those receiving 1 mg/kg (1968±391 vs 1226±285 mm Hg/30 min,P<0.01), but duodenal motility indices did not differ. Only one child receiving the lower dose erythromycin complained of abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting vs 9 of 19 the children receiving the higher dose (P<0.02). In summary, in children with chronic functional gastrointestinal disorders, erythromycin rarely induced phase III in patients who did not have it during fasting. When different doses erythromycin are compared, 1 and 3 mg/kg are equally efficacious in inducing phase III episodes; the lower dose is associated with fewer side effects and the higher dose produces a higher antral motility index.