贲门胃底切除、余胃食管吻合在残胃贲门癌手术中的应用

对14例残胃贲门癌行贲门胃底切除、残胃食管吻合术。全组均行根治性切除,手术过程顺利,无手术死亡及吻合口瘘、胃瘘发生。认为残胃癌贲门胃底切除残胃食管再吻合的手术方法保留部分正常胃组织,比全胃切除更符合生理功能,既符合肿瘤切除原则,又有效地减少全胃切除术后并发症,提高患者的生存质量。     

11例残胃贲门癌手术治疗体会

目的进一步提高残胃贲门癌的治疗效果。方法对11例残胃贲门癌患者行手术治疗。其中4例行全胃切除、食管空肠Roux-Y式吻合术;7例行胸切口残胃食管直接吻合。结果全组围手术期无死亡病例,发生胸内．吻合口瘘1例,经保守治疗后治愈。结论术前充分评估、术中根据患者情况选择合适的手术方式以及术中耐心细致的操作是残胃贲门癌手术成功的关键。     

残胃胸内移植治疗胃大部切除术后食管、贲门癌(附26例报告)

目的 探讨胃大部切除术后食管、贲门癌26例的外科治疗方法和效果。方法 26例均采用经左胸后外侧切口癌切除，将残胃连同脾脏、胰尾移于胸腔，行食管残胃吻合术。主动脉弓上吻合10例，弓后吻合9例，弓下吻合7例；手工吻合5例、器械吻合21例。结果 全组无吻合口瘘和手术早期死亡，术后并发症率为15．4%(4／26)。1年生存率73．9％(17／23)，3年生存率53.3％(8／15)，5年生存率28．6%(2／7)。结论 采用将残胃、脾脏和胰尾移入胸腔，行食管残胃吻合，可增加残胃上移高度，保证食管残胃的无张力吻合。此术操作简单、创伤小、并发症少，可作为消化道重建的方式之一。     

全胃小弯切除、管状胃成形在胸段食管癌手术中的应用

在112例胸段食管癌手术中应用残端闭合器或直线型切开-缝合器行全胃小弯切除并管状胃成形加食管胃颈部吻合术。全组无手术死亡者,术后发生颈部吻合口瘘2例,吻合口狭窄3例,无反流性食管炎,无幽门梗阻及胸腔胃膨胀。认为全胃小弯切除、管状胃成形能较好降低病变位置高、胃相对较短的食管癌患者手术中颈部吻合的难度,减少术后并发症的发生。     

食管、管状胃侧侧吻合预防食管癌术后吻合口狭窄效果观察

目的观察食管、管状胃侧侧吻合预防食管癌术后吻合口狭窄的效果。方法对21例食管癌患者按肿瘤手术切除原则常规游离食管及近端胃,切除肿瘤,将胃做成管状,经食管床于主动脉弓上行食管胃全侧侧吻合。结果本组手术顺利,术后未出现吻合口瘘,术后2周复查吻合口均通畅;术后随诊0.5～2 a,均未见吻合口狭窄。结论食管癌手术中应用食管、管状胃侧侧吻合术可减少吻合口狭窄的发生。     

颈部食管胃器械侧侧吻合在食管癌切除术中的应用

目的 观察食管癌切除术中行颈部食管胃器械侧侧吻合的临床效果.方法 研究对象为41例行食管癌切除术患者,均于术中肿瘤切除后应用Endo GIA60-3.5自动切割缝合器行食管侧壁和胃前壁侧侧吻合,前壁行传统手法吻合.观察手术效果及并发症发生情况.结果 41例手术均顺利,术后38例进食通畅;余3例中发生单纯吻合口瘘、单纯吻合口狭窄、吻合口瘘并吻合口狭窄各1例,吻合口瘘均经换药后愈合,吻合口狭窄均需行扩张治疗.结论 食管癌切除术中行颈部食管胃器械侧侧吻合有利于减少术后吻合口并发症的发生,且操作简便、易于推广.     

残胃食管癌、贲门癌再手术并消化道重建30例报告

198 4～ 2 0 0 1年 ,笔者共施行残胃食管癌、贲门癌再手术 3 0例 ,并根据病情采用不同术式进行消化道重建 ,效果良好。现报告如下。临床资料 :本组男 2 6例 ,女 4例 ;年龄 48～ 77岁。贲门癌 19例 ,中下段食管癌 11例。因溃疡行胃大部切除术 2 4例 ,其中 1例历经 3次手术 ,先行胃穿孔修补 ,又行阑尾炎切除 ,再行胃大部切除 ;另 6例均为胃癌行胃大部切除术后患者。术后至患胃癌或食管癌的时间为 2～ 2 4年。手术方法 :1全胃切除后空肠食管端侧吻合 ,适用于行毕 式胃大部切除术后的患者。先将胃肠吻合口切除 ,行空肠端端吻合。将吻合口远侧的…     

胃浆肌瓣包埋预防食管贲门癌术后吻合口瘘及狭窄30例临床观察

在30例食管贲门癌切除术中用胃浆肌瓣包埋吻合口。术后均未发生吻合瘘及狭窄。认为胃浆肌瓣包埋可预防食管贲门癌术后吻合口瘘及狭窄。     

改良食管胃吻合法治疗食管,贲门癌

采用食管斜切、延长粘膜，扩大供吻合用的胃壁切口式综合改良法进行食管癌，贲门癌切除，食管胃吻合术２０４例，无发生物吻合口瘘，吻合口狭窄及返流性食管炎者。     

胃管状成形术在食管癌手术中的应用

目的观察胃管状成形术在食管癌手术中的应用效果。方法对96例食管癌常规行食管癌根治性切除和局部引流区域淋巴结清除,术中行胃管状成形术,以替代切除的食管。结果本组肿瘤均切除。术后发生肺部感染3例,心律失常5例,吻合口狭窄2例,无吻合口瘘、胸腔积液、乳糜胸及胸胃排空障碍发生。术后半年患者饮食基本恢复正常,无明显反流性食管炎及胸胃综合征表现。结论食管癌手术中采用胃管状成形术重建食管,术后近、远期并发症减少。     

Intestinal-type tumour in resected gastric remnant cancer

Lauren's intestinal type of gastric cancer was proposed to be dependent on long-term environmental factors and is always preceded by chronic premalignant change. A cohort study was performed and demonstrated an increased cancer risk of gastric remnant after gastric surgery for benign disease. It is generally believed that after gastrectomy the residual stomach has an environmental change and, thus, enters a neoplastic process. Based on the carcinogenic theory of intestinal-type tumour, it would be of interest to know whether the intestinal-type tumour is more common in gastric remnant cancer. Forty patients with gastric remnant cancer had gastrectomy in the Veterans General Hospital-Taipei. Another 683 patients with primary gastric carcinoma underwent resection and were used as controls. The clinical characteristics, tumour stage and intestinal-type tumour were analysed in gastric remnant cancer and were compared with the various portions of primary gastric carcinoma. Although the overall distribution of intestinal-type carcinoma in gastric remnant (45%) was no different to that of any other portion of stomach cancer, intestinal-type carcinoma was more common in the early stage of gastric remnant (73%) and distal stomach (73%), but not in the proximal stomach (50%), which was supposed to have the same characteristics as the gastric remnant because of identical anatomic location. More than expected, intestinal-type carcinoma in early gastric remnant cancer together with a long incubation interval between primary surgery and later tumour occurrence were compatible with the theory of carcinogenesis of intestinal-type carcinoma.     

Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma in the remnant stomach: de novo and metachronous gastric remnant carcinoma

Background The remnant stomach corresponds to the gastric cardia, but is exposed to a completely different environment. The present study was performed to investigate the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in patients with gastric remnant carcinoma (GRC).Methods Clinicopathological features, gastritis, and infection by EBV were investigated in patients with two types of GRC: GRC occurring at an interval of 10 years or longer between operations (de novo GRC group) and GRC occurring within 10 years after the initial operation for gastric carcinoma (metachronous GRC group).Results EBV involvement in the de novo GRC group (23%) was not significantly different from that in the cardia of non-remnant carcinomas (controls; 18%). EBV involvement showed greater correlations in male patients (18/63; 28%), and in those with gastritis cystica polyposa (GCP; 13/41; 31%), and those with an interval of 20 years or longer (15/50; 30%) than with the other parameters. Multivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between GCP and EBV infection. Histologically, hyperplasia or mild atrophy, and mild lymphocytic infiltration were observed in 56% and 67% of non-neoplastic mucosa of EBV-associated GRC, respectively. In the metachronous GRC group, EBV-encoded mRNA in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) of 27 pairs of primary gastric carcinomas (GCs) and metachronous GRCs indicated that only six EBV (+) metachronous GRCs were derived from EBV (+) GC.Conclusions Epstein-Barr virus infection, together with long-standing inflammation, which causes GCP, may facilitate the development of de novo GRC. Close follow-up of patients treated with distal gastrectomy for EBV-associated GC is necessary to detect metachronous GRC.     

The affect of Helicobacter pylori and bile acids as the pathogenesis of gastritis of the remnant stomach after distal partial gastrectomy]

AIMS: After distal partial gastrectomy with Billroth I reconstruction, gastritis of the remnant stomach was previously considered to be caused by bile reflux. However, since in 1982, Helicobacter pylori (HP) was discovered and it was found that this organism caused for many types of stomach diseases. The affect of HP must also be examined in the remnant stomach. In a current study, we examined the existence of HP and explored bile reflux as a pathogenesis of gastritis of the remnant stomach after distal partial gastrectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 56 patients who underwent gastrectomy. The existence of HP was investigated before and after gastrectomy. At postoperative gastroscopy, we examined histological findings of remnant gastritis and total bile acid (TBA) concentration in the gastric juice. Then we assessed the effect of HP and TBA on gastritis regarding the time after gastrectomy. RESULT: HP was positive in 75% of the patients before the operation and in 37.5% after the operation. The HP positive ratio was significantly lower in patients more than 5 years after gastrectomy than in those within 5 years. Inflammatory cell infiltration of the remnant gastric mucosa was more prominent in HP positive patients than in HP negative patients. In HP positive remnant stomachs, the TBA concentration of the gastric juice was lower than in HP negative remnant stomachs. CONCLUSION: Within 5 years after distal partial gastrectomy, gastritis of the remnant stomach was mainly caused by HP.     

Clinical outcomes of endoscopic treatment for gastric epithelial neoplasm in remnant stomach after distal gastrectomy

Backgrounds/aimWe aimed to evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic treatment for gastric epithelial neoplasm in the remnant stomach after distal gastrectomy and compared the clinical outcomes by tumor location and endoscopic treatment modality.MethodsWe reviewed the data of patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for gastric epithelial neoplasms in the remnant stomach after distal gastrectomy between January 1996 and August 2013. The treatments included endoscopic resection or argon plasma coagulation.ResultsHerein, 107 patients (median age, 65.1 years; 92 men) encompassing 117 cases of gastric neoplasms in the remnant stomach after distal gastrectomy were endoscopically treated. Forty of these lesions were located at anastomotic sites; they were treated with endoscopic resection in 29 cases (72.5%) and argon plasma coagulation in 11 cases (27.5%). For 77 lesions located on the non-anastomotic site, endoscopic resection was performed in 68 cases (88.4%) and argon plasma coagulation was performed in nine cases (11.7%; p = 0.031). The mean endoscopic resection duration was significantly longer in the anastomotic site group than in the non-anastomotic site group (43.6 vs. 26.3 min, p = 0.018). Recurrence was observed in five (12.8%) patients in the former and in one (1.3%) in the latter (p = 0.015); all the patients were successfully retreated with endoscopic resection or APC.ConclusionsEndoscopic treatment for gastric epithelial neoplasm in a remnant stomach after distal gastrectomy is effective and safe. However, closely monitoring for recurrence should be conducted, particularly when the tumor is located at the anastomotic site.     

Higher incidence of gastric remnant cancer after proximal than distal gastrectomy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Proximal gastrectomy has been widely accepted as a standard operation for early stage gastric cancer located in the upper third of the stomach. Therefore, cancer of the distal gastric remnant is now increasing. The aims of this study were to clarify and compare the incidences of gastric remnant cancer after proximal and distal gastrectomy. METHODOLOGY: Data on a consecutive series of 809 cases of gastrectomy performed for early gastric cancer from 1991 to 2003 in Shikoku Cancer Center were analyzed retrospectively with respect to the incidence of gastric remnant cancer. RESULTS: We performed distal gastrectomy in 624 patients and proximal gastrectomy in 47 patients during the study period. After those operations, the gastric remnants of 457 cases and 33 cases, respectively, were surveyed periodically by endoscopic examination at our hospital. Among those surveyed cases, 10 patients (2.2%) and 3 patients (9.1%) were diagnosed as having gastric remnant cancer, respectively. The gastric remnant cancer-free survival after proximal gastrectomy was significantly lower than that after distal gastrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the higher incidence of gastric remnant cancer after proximal gastrectomy, it is more important to survey the gastric remnant after proximal gastrectomy periodically by postoperative endoscopic examination.     

Complete resection of hepatocellular carcinoma with direct invasion to the stomach remnant

A 61-year-old man presented with anemia (hemoglobin, 5.9?mg/dl) and a history of alcoholic liver disease. The patient also had a past history of a distal gastrectomy and Billroth II reconstruction, due to a gastric ulcer, performed 20 years previously. Endoscopic gastroscopy revealed a hemorrhagic ulcerative tumor at the gastrojejunostomy site. Computed tomography and angiography demonstrated a 10-cm tumor and a 2-cm tumor in the left lateral segment of the liver, suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The larger tumor showed extrahepatic growth, with invasion of the stomach remnant. Because transcatheter arterial embolization of the tumor failed to control the bleeding, we carried out an en-bloc resection of the left lateral segment of the liver and the stomach remnant. Direct invasion of HCC into the gastrointestinal tract is rarely encountered. Here we report a case of HCC that invaded the stomach remnant and present a review of the literature.     

Lymph node dissection in surgical treatment for remnant stomach cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Lymphatic flow and the incidence of lymph node metastasis in remnant stomach cancer after distal gastrectomy are obscure. There is consequent controversy about appropriate lymph node dissection in such cases. METHODOLOGY: Thirty-three consecutive patients with remnant stomach cancer and 44 consecutive patients primary gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach were investigated retrospectively about lymphatic flow by injection of activated carbon particles, and about the incidence of lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: Lymphatic flow and the incidence of lymph node metastasis in remnant stomach cancer after distal gastrectomy without lymph node dissection were the same as those in primary gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach. Lymphatic flow after distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection frequently streamed toward the para-aortic lymph nodes through the lymph nodes along the greater curvature and the suprapancreatic lymph nodes. Lymphatic flow toward the jejunal and colonic mesentery was observed regardless of the method of reconstruction. This lymphogenesis was clearly observed, especially in patients with tumors invading the anastomosis site of Billroth-II reconstruction. Station Nos. 110 (lower paraesophageal) and 111 (supradiaphragmatic) lymph nodes were also stained, despite being considered sites of distant metastasis irrespective of the method of reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the evidence of altered lymphatic flow and the incidence of lymph node metastases in remnant stomach cancer, left upper abdominal evisceration with para-aortic lymph node dissection should be performed in advanced remnant stomach cancer.     

A case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated remnant gastric carcinoma arising 7 years after distal gastrectomy for EBV associated gastric carcinoma]

A 52-year-old man undergoing distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer in July 1998 was found to have a 0-IIa type gastric tumor near EC junction in January 2005. Histological examination showed the tumor was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. As the tumor was diagnosed as mucosal cancer, endoscopic mucosal dissection was performed. But pathological findings showed the depth of cancer cell invasion into deep submucosal layer. Then total resection of remnant stomach was performed. Both tumors were diagnosed as EBV-associated carcinoma. It is speculated that the mucosa changing after initial operation would give risk to a new occurrence of EBV-associated remnant gastric carcinoma. And then follow up after operation is important. Although some cases of EBV-associated remnant gastric carcinoma is found for short period after the primary surgery, our case second primary cancer was found 7 year after primary surgery. Long term follow-up by Endoscopy seems to be important.     

Clinicopathologic differences between early gastric remnant cancer and early primary gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study was designed to clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics and survival in early gastric remnant cancer and compare with early primary cancer in the upper third of the stomach. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-five patients with early gastric remnant cancer, who underwent resection at Kanagawa Cancer Center and First Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University between 1974 and 1996 were evaluated in this study. Various clinicopathologic characteristics, such as age, sex, symptoms, size of tumor, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, cell differentiation, and survival were investigated and early gastric remnant cancer was compared with early primary cancer in the upper third of the stomach. RESULTS: According to the macroscopic type, protruded type such as I or II type accounted for a great majority in early gastric remnant cancer, while II c depressed type was common in early primary cancer in the upper third of the stomach, comprising 64.2% of all cases. Pathological examination disclosed that well-differentiated carcinoma and mucosal carcinoma were more frequently observed in early gastric remnant cancer than in early primary cancer in the upper-third of the stomach. The 5-year survival rate was 83.5% for early primary cancer in the upper-third of the stomach. In contrast, no patients experienced recurrence after operation for early gastric remnant cancer. CONCLUSIONS: From the view point of clinicopathological evaluation, gastric remnant cancer is a special from of gastric cancer. A follow-up program is important in order to detect early gastric remnant cancer. A low incidence of lymph node metastasis suggests that endoscopic mucosal resection of the tumor or limited operation could be performed under strict indication.     

Esophageal reconstruction with remnant stomach:A case report and review of literature

The number of patients developing esophageal cancer after gastrectomy has increased.However,gastric remnant is very rarely used for reconstruction in esophageal cancer surgery because of the risk of anastomotic leakage resulting from insufficient blood flow.We present a case of esophageal cancer using gastric remnant for esophageal substitution after distal gastrectomy in a 57-year-old man who presented with a 1-month history of mild dysphagia and a background history of alcohol abuse.Gastroscopy showed a 1.2 cm × 1.0 cm bulge tumor of the lower third esophagus with the upper margin located 39 cm from the dental arcade.Computed tomography of the chest showed lower third esophageal wall thickening.The patient underwent en bloc radical esophagectomy with a two-field lymph node dissection of the upper abdomen and mediastinum via a left-sided posterolateral thoracotomy through the seventh intercostal space.The upper end of the esophagus was resected 5 cm above the tumor.The gastric remnant was used for reconstruction of the esophago-gastrostomy and placed in the left thoracic cavity.The patient started a liquid diet on postoperative day 8 and was discharged on the 10 th postoperative day without complications.In this report,we demonstrate that the gastric remnant may be used for reconstruction in patients with esophageal cancer as a substitute organ after distal gastrectomy.