中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术在晚期卵巢上皮性癌中的治疗价值

卵巢上皮性癌发病隐蔽,恶性程度高,晚期患者预后差,传统的初次肿瘤细胞减灭术对于晚期患者常常难以达到理想肿瘤细胞减灭,而术前化疗的广泛应用使得中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术(ICS)受到越来越多的关注.因此就:ICS的概念、发展历程、手术切除率,生存结局、相关并发症以及对晚期卵巢上皮性癌的治疗价值进行综述.     

卵巢癌的初始与间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术相关问题

临床工作中对晚期卵巢癌患者施行新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NACT)的比例逐年增加.尽管基于现有的循证医学证据,晚期上皮性卵巢癌采用NACT联合间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术有着不低于初始肿瘤细胞减灭术的疗效,更低的术后病率,但目前对于卵巢癌NACT仍存在较多争议.新诊断的晚期卵巢癌患者治疗前需...     

卵巢癌肿瘤细胞减灭术的并发症及防治

卵巢癌是女性生殖系统最为严重的恶性肿瘤之一,满意的卵巢癌肿瘤细胞减灭术能够改善患者的预后。但这种术式手术范围广、涉及脏器多,围手术期并发症的处置是一个难点。文章结合国内外文献及治疗经验,讨论卵巢癌肿瘤细胞减灭术术中及术后常见并发症类型、原因以及防治策略,为降低此类术式并发症发生率、提高并发症处置能力提供经验。     

间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术治疗晚期卵巢癌的临床价值探讨

目的探讨间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术(减灭术)在晚期卵巢上皮性癌治疗中的作用。方法对1993年5月至2002年5月武汉大学中南医院妇瘤科三组卵巢癌病人的生存资料进行回顾分析。其中首次减灭术不满意的62例中,47例先化疗1～3个疗程后行间歇性手术,术后继续化疗6～8个疗程;余15例未行手术,化疗6～8个疗程;同期满意的减灭术加术后化疗6～8个疗程的48例;全部病人均行以铂类为主的联合化疗。结果间歇性手术满意者43例(43/47),手术成功率91.5%,中位生存时间25.5个月,未手术者中位生存时间12.3个月,两者相比差异显著(P<0.05);满意的首次减灭术中位生存时间28.0个月,与满意间歇性手术者比较差异无显著性。结论间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术对首次手术未达满意的患者有一定积极作用,可提高手术的切除率,延长患者生命,具有较好的疗效。     

中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术后患者预后的相关因素分析

目的:探讨中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术(ICS)后患者预后的相关因素及其对临床的指导价值。方法:回顾性分析36例行ICS的卵巢癌及原发性腹膜癌患者的临床病理特征、手术、化疗情况等与预后的关系。结果:①单因素分析显示ICS术前CA125及CP2是否正常、术后有无残留病灶3项指标对无进展生存期(PFS)的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05);ICS术中探查病灶大小及术后有无残留病灶两项指标对总生存时间(OS)的影响有统计学意义(P=0.049,P=0.001)。②多因素生存分析显示ICS术前CA125是否正常、术后有无残留病灶是影响PFS的独立因素(P=0.011,P=0.002);肿瘤的组织学分级是影响PFS的相关因素。③多因素生存分析显示ICS术前CP2是否正常、术后有无残留病灶是影响OS的独立因素(P=0.021,P=0.003);肿瘤的组织类型、ICS术后是否辅以全身化疗是影响OS的相关因素。结论:①ICS术前CA125及CP2正常、ICS术后无残留病灶的患者预后更好。②ICS术中尽可能切除肉眼病灶,术后辅助规范足量化疗,对改善患者预后具有重要意义。     

初次肿瘤细胞减灭术的晚期卵巢上皮癌患者行亚理想减瘤术的预测

卵巢癌是死亡率最高的妇科肿瘤,目前,理想肿瘤细胞减灭术（OG）残余肿瘤直径〈1cm）辅以铂类／紫杉醇联合化疗是晚期卵巢癌的首选规范治疗。但约70％的患者诊断时已经是Ⅲ,Ⅳ期，肿瘤大且分布广泛，难以切除干净。Bristow等综述53份资料，包括6885例Ⅲ，Ⅳ期卵巢癌患者，其中仅42％患者实施了OC。己证明患者在初次手术时接受亚理想减瘤术（SC）不能改善生存率。所以对初次手术不能达到理想的肿瘤切除的患者．可能更适于选择规范治疗之外的治疗方法，如新辅助化疗。因此，迫切需要通过术前预测，筛选出可能无法达到理想肿瘤切除的患者。     

术前化疗对晚期卵巢癌预后的影响

目的：探讨术前化疗对晚期卵巢癌预后的影响。方法：将曾行肿瘤细胞减灭术上皮性卵巢癌患者按照术前是否化疗分为两组，进行回顾性分析，比较两组患者与预后有关的指标及生存情况。结果：1990年1月至1998年12月，收治ⅢC期、Ⅳ期上皮性卵巢癌患者，并施行肿瘤细胞减灭术者共71例，其中术前化疗组26例，术前未化疗组45例，两组患者手术范围基本相同，术前化疗组期别晚，分级高，预后不良的组织病理类型所占比例高，但治疗结果两组间达到满意肿瘤细胞减灭术的比例无明显差别，追踪随访术前化疗组及未化疗组，5年存活率分别为30．72％及40．60％（P＞0．05）。结论：对术前估计难以达到满意的肿瘤细胞减灭术的晚期卵巢癌患者，术前化疗有可能提高生存率。     

肿瘤细胞减灭术在复发性卵巢癌中的应用进展

复发性卵巢癌作为世界性妇科肿瘤治疗的难点,目前仍无确切的治疗方案。本文就近年来肿瘤细胞减灭术在复发性卵巢癌中的应用进行了综合评述,分别叙述了铂耐药型和铂敏感型复发性卵巢癌患者行手术治疗的相关回顾研究以及现有的手术患者筛选模型。此外,还对两项前瞻性随机试验DESKTOP III和GOG-0213的初期结果进行了对比分析。     

铂敏感复发性卵巢癌行二次肿瘤细胞减灭术的应用价值研究新进展

<正>妊娠期高血压疾病(hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, HDP)仍然是世界范围内引起孕产妇及新生儿死亡的主要原因之一,而HDP患者产后患心血管疾病的风险也会增加,且HDP是患心血管疾病的独立风险因素。2021年美国心脏病协会(AHA)发布了“妊娠期高血压疾病：诊断、血压目标值和药物治疗方法”的科学声明(2021),该科学声明解答了临床工作中的一些困惑,进一步明确了降压治疗获益,指明了疾病后续研究的方向,     

Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval surgical cytoreduction for advanced ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the overall survival and relative effect of multiple prognostic variables in cohorts of patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer treated with platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in lieu of primary cytoreductive surgery. METHODS: Twenty-two cohorts of patients with Stage III and IV ovarian cancer (835 patients) were identified from articles in MEDLINE (1989-2005). Linear regression models, with weighted correlation calculations, were used to assess the effect on median survival time of the proportion of each cohort undergoing maximum interval cytoreduction, proportion of patients with Stage IV disease, median number of pre-operative chemotherapy cycles, median age, and year of publication. RESULTS: The mean weighted median overall survival time for all cohorts was 24.5 months. The weighted mean proportion of patients in each cohort undergoing maximal interval cytoreduction was 65.0%. Each 10% increase in maximal cytoreduction was associated with a 1.9 month increase in median survival time (p=0.027). Median overall survival was positively correlated with platinum-taxane chemotherapy (p<0.001) and increasing year of publication (p=0.004) and negatively correlated with the proportion of Stage IV disease (p=0.002). Each incremental increase in pre-operative chemotherapy cycles was associated with a decrease in median survival time of 4.1 months (p=0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in lieu of primary cytoreduction is associated with inferior overall survival compared to initial surgery. Increasing percent maximal cytoreduction is positively associated with median cohort survival; however, the negative survival effect of increasing number of chemotherapy cycles prior to interval surgery suggests that definitive operative intervention should be undertaken as early in the treatment program as possible.     

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery in epithelial ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death among gynecological cancers. This is because the majority of patients present with advanced stage disease. Primary debulking surgery (PDS) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is still a mainstay of treatment. An optimal surgery, which is currently defined by leaving no gross residual tumor, is the goal of PDS. The extent of disease as well as the operative setting, including the surgeon’s skill, influences the likelihood of successful debulking. With extensive disease and a poor chance of optimal surgery or high morbidity anticipated, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) prior to primary surgery is an option. Secondary surgery after induction chemotherapy is termed interval debulking surgery (IDS). Delayed PDS or IDS is offered to patients who show some clinical response and are without progressive disease. NACT or IDS has become more established in clinical practice and there are numerous publications regarding its advantages and disadvantages. However, data on survival are limited and inconsistent. Only one large randomized trial could demonstrate that NACT was not inferior to PDS while the few randomized trials on IDS had inconsistent results. Without a definite benefit of NACT prior to surgery over PDS, one must carefully weigh the chances of safe and successful PDS against the morbidity and risks of suboptimal surgery. Appropriate selection of a patient to undergo PDS followed by chemotherapy or, preferably, to have NACT prior to surgery is very important. Some clinical characteristics from physical examination, serum tumor markers and/or findings from imaging studies may be predictive of resectability. However, no specific features have been consistently identified in the literature. This article will address the clinical data on prediction of surgical outcomes, the role of NACT, and the role of IDS.     

Splenectomy during primary and secondary cytoreductive surgery for epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Scarabelli C, Gallo A, Campagnutta E, Carbone A. Splenectomy during primary and secondary cytoreductive surgery for epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1998; 8 : 215–221.
Splenectomy is occasionally indicated to achieve optimal cytoreduction during surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer. Between January 1989 and December 1996, 40 epithelial ovarian cancer patients underwent splenectomy: 14 patients during primary surgery and 26 during secondary cytoreductive surgery. Splenectomy was performed for tumor reduction in 34 patients (85 %) and for iatrogenic injury in six patients (15%). The spleen was removed because of parenchymal splenic metastases in nine patients (22.5 %), significant hilar and/or capsular disease in 10 patients (25 %), and perisplenic disease in 15 patients (37.5%). The histopathological diagnosis of the resected spleens showed microscopic hilar disease in four patients who had the spleen removed because of iatrogenic injury and no disease in only two patients. Splenectomy could be carried out with an acceptable morbidity. Left-sided pleural effusion was the most frequent complication. The estimated two-year survival rate for patients who underwent splenectomy during primary surgery with no residual disease and <2 cm intraperitoneal residual disease was 83% and 42%, respectively. Nine of these patients (64.3%) had recurrent disease. The median time to recurrence was 11 months (range 5–18). The estimated two-year survival rate for patients who underwent splenectomy during secondary surgery with no residual disease and <2 cm intraperitoneal residual disease was 78% and 24%, respectively. The estimated three-year survival rate was 0% for all these patients. The results of the present study show that splenectomy, if necessary to achieve optimal debulking, should be considered in previously untreated patients with no intraperitoneal residual disease and in patients with late (>1 year) recurrent disease.     

Cytoreductive surgery in the primary management of advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a topic for debate

While there is no doubt that surgical resection of early stage ovarian cancer can be curative, the effect of cytoreductive surgery on the prognosis in advanced disease is less certain. A recent EORTC study does suggest that intervention debulking surgery might improve survival and this requires urgent confirmation. Extensive cytoreductive surgery, removing bowel, parts of the urinary tract or lymph nodes, may have little impact on the survival of women with advanced disease and can result in substantial morbidity. Discretion and experience are required in determining the appropriate radicality of tumor resection to avoid predictable impairment of quality of life.     

Secondary cytoreductive surgery in patients with isolated platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer: A retrospective analysis

Objective

To analyze the impact of secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) on survival outcome in a retrospective series of isolated platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer.

Methods

We evaluate a consecutive series of 268 ovarian cancer patients with platinum-resistant relapse. Isolated recurrence was defined as the presence of a single nodule, in a single anatomic site, and was observed in 27 cases (10.1%). In all women the presence of isolated relapse was assessed at radiological evaluation, and surgically confirmed in the SCS group.

Results

Among the 27 patients with isolated recurrence, 16 (59.3%) received chemotherapy alone, and 11 (40.7%) complete SCS followed by non-platinum based chemotherapy. No significant differences were observed in the distribution of baseline clinico-pathological characteristics, pattern of recurrent disease, duration of PFI, and type of salvage chemotherapy between the two groups. In the SCS group, 6 patients (54.5%) showed isolated peritoneal relapse and 5 women (45.4%) showed isolated lymph nodal recurrence, and were treated with peritonectomy and lymphadenectomy, according with site of relapse. Two post-operative complications (18.2%) occurred: asymptomatic lymphocele and groin wound dehiscence. SCS significantly prolonged median time to first progression (12 months vs 3 months; p-value = 0.016), median time to second progression (8 months vs 3 months; p-value = 0.037), and post-relapse survival (PRS) (32 months vs 8 months; p-value = 0.002). Residual tumor at 1st surgery (X² = 5.690; p-value = 0.017), duration of PFI (X² = 5.401; p-value = 0.020), and complete SCS (X² = 4.250; p-value = 0.039) retains independent prognostic role for PRS in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

SCS prolongs PRS compared to chemotherapy alone in isolated platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer.     

Secondary cytoreductive surgery for recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer

Objective

To determine the risks and benefits of secondary cytoreductive surgery for recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer.

Methods

Data were obtained retrospectively for all women with recurrent platinum-sensitive epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent a second debulking operation between 1998 and 2008 at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Survival analysis and comparisons were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox multivariate proportional hazards model.

Results

Optimal secondary cytoreductive surgery (< 5 mm of residual disease) was achieved in 32 of 40 patients (80%). Nine women (23%) developed major complications. Two variables, residual disease of less than 5 mm vs 5 mm or greater (median 63 months vs 11 months; P = 0.003); and less than 5 vs 5 or more sites of disease relapse (median 63 months vs 22 months; P = 0.009), were independently associated with survival and retained prognostic significance on multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Optimal secondary cytoreductive surgery was associated with a survival advantage and acceptable risks.     

晚期上皮性卵巢癌患者“间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术”手术适应证的探讨

目的:探讨间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术(IDS)的适应证。方法:采用回顾性病例对照研究,分析2000年1月至2009年12月间71例初次肿瘤细胞减灭术不满意的ⅢC～Ⅳ期卵巢上皮癌(包括原发性腹膜癌,原发性输卵管癌)患者的资料。A组(n=41)初次减灭术后单纯化疗6～8疗程;B组(n=30)经3～4个疗程化疗后行间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术,然后继续化疗4～6疗程。化疗方案均为铂类为基础的联合化疗。两组患者的化疗方案和疗程无差异。通过比较两组患者的临床特征、手术及生存情况,以及B组患者IDS术前CA125、B超检查与术后病理结果的对应关系,总结IDS的适应证。结果:B组30例患者中23例(76.7%)最终达到满意减瘤,共有11例术后病理结果为阴性,术前CA125或B超对病理结果阳性预测的敏感度差,CA125的特异性达100%。CA125联合B超的预测准确率为70%。A、B组的五年生存率(P=0.790)、OS(P=0.254)和PFS(P=0.289)均无显著性差异。B组中无肉眼残留病灶患者的PFS和OS较A组有明显延长的趋势。结论:间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术主要适应证是:初次肿瘤细胞减灭术采用"基本术式",3个疗程化疗后部分缓解,CA125仍异常;或CA125恢复正常,最好经PET-CT或增强CT明确有残留病灶。残留病灶有可能通过再次手术切除干净,达到无肉眼残留,这部分患者有可能生存获益。     

Secondary cytoreductive surgery for isolated nodal recurrence in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and associated survival outcome of secondary cytoreductive surgery in patients with isolated lymph node recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent secondary cytoreductive surgery for isolated lymph node recurrence were identified from tumor registry databases. Demographic, diagnostic, operative, pathologic, and follow-up data were abstracted retrospectively. Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The median age at time of primary surgery for ovarian cancer was 55 years; 72% of patients had FIGO III/IV disease, and all had high-grade tumors. All patients received platinum-based chemotherapy following primary surgery. The median time from completion of primary chemotherapy to nodal recurrence surgery was 16 months (range=6 to 40 months). The distribution of nodal involvement was pelvic=12% (n=3), para-aortic=60% (n=15), inguinal=20% (n=5), peri-cardiac=4% (n=1), and pelvic plus para-aortic=4% (n=1). The maximal nodal tumor diameter ranged from 1.5 cm to 14 cm, with a median of 3.0 cm. Optimal secondary cytoreductive surgery (residual disease 相似文献