胃粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤临床及病理特征分析

目的探讨胃粘膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤临床和病理组织学特征。方法总结分析解放军总医院1988—01／2000—04经病理确诊的21例胃MALT淋巴瘤临床及组织病理资料。结果2l例胃MALT淋巴瘤，平均确诊时间为19个月，平均年龄51．8岁，50--70岁为发病高峰，男女比例1．6：l。病人临床表现无特异性，最常见的表现是腹痛。病变累及胃窦7例、胃体6例、多部位3例。胃镜表现弥漫型5例、溃疡型8例、结节型3例。病理活检确诊率75％。临床分期为IE期10例。ⅡE期8例，ⅢE期2例，ⅣE期1例，有B症状3例。手术18例，单用手术10例，术后有5例合用化疗，3例合用放疗，3例单用化疗。随访16例，失访5例，随访率76．2％。生存期39～156个月，平均69个月，中位数55个月。结论胃MALT淋巴瘤是原发于胃NHL的一种独特亚型，具有起病隐匿、病程长、进展缓慢、发病率低、好发于中老年男性、治疗疗效和预后良好等特点，临床表现无特异性。胃镜下具有病变范围广、病灶多发等特点，内镜取活检时多取或深取可以提高内镜诊断准确率。幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃MALT淋巴瘤的发生有关。     

胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤临床与内镜诊断分析

目的:探讨胃黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤的临床和内镜下表现,提高对胃MALT淋巴瘤早期诊断率.方法:总结我院1992年2月～2003年6月经内镜检查、组织病理、免疫组化确诊为胃MALT淋巴瘤的18例临床资料并进行分析.结果:18例患者从发病到就诊时间平均5.6个月,男性比女性为5比1.首发症状为上腹部疼痛,依次有腹部饱胀、反酸嗳气、恶心呕吐、食欲减退、呕血与黑便、贫血消瘦等临床表现.内镜下形态表现分弥散浸润型12例、多发溃疡型4例、隆起糜烂型2例.形态表现为多部位、多种形态和病变范围广为特征.内镜下常误诊为胃癌、溃疡等,需经病理学、免疫组化检查确诊.本组17例(94.5%)Hp阳性,2例经根除Hp治疗获治愈.结论:胃MALT淋巴瘤起病较隐匿、病程较长.症状、体征不具特异性.内镜下形态呈多样性,病变累及范围广、部位多.多点深取活检及病理学、免疫组化检查是提高胃MALT淋巴瘤确诊率和早期诊断率的重要方法.Hp感染与胃MALT淋巴瘤密切相关.     

胃MALT淋巴瘤的形态特征及诊断

目的分析胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的临床特点及内镜特征。方法收集2009年6月-2010年12月,我院经病理证实的17例胃MALT淋巴瘤患者的病史资料、内镜图像及病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果 17例患者中位年龄58.2岁,男女比例1.4∶1。临床症状无特异性,以上腹疼痛、饱胀不适最为常见。病灶范围较大,常累及胃体、胃窦部,形态上以溃疡样改变最为多见。首次胃镜活检病理检查确诊率为52.9%。幽门螺旋杆菌(H.pylori)感染率为78.6%。结论 MALT淋巴瘤的临床症状及内镜下表现无特异性,内镜下多点多方向活检、应用共聚焦激光显微内镜等导向活检、病理检查除常规HE染色外加做免疫组化或进一步行基因重排检测,有助于胃MALT淋巴瘤诊断。     

胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤临床与胃镜表现分析

目的探讨胃黏膜相关淋巴组织(mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue,MALT)淋巴瘤临床和内镜下表现特征,提高其在胃镜下的早期诊断率。方法对15例胃MALT淋巴瘤患者临床和内镜下表现特征进行回顾性分析。结果胃MALT淋巴瘤多见于40~60岁患者,男女发病率相近。临床症状无特异性,H.pylori感染率为73.33%。胃MALT淋巴瘤多位于胃窦部,66.67%表现为单个或多个溃疡,质地偏硬,蠕动性及胃腔形态无明显特异性。结论胃MALT淋巴瘤作为一类特殊的原发性胃淋巴瘤,内镜下多块、深而大的活检有助于提高确诊率。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与原发性胃淋巴瘤

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与原发性胃淋巴瘤、胃MALT淋巴瘤的关系。方法:经内镜、手术诊断的胃淋巴瘤患者29例,其中男19例,女10例;年龄30～75岁,中位年龄52.5岁。胃粘膜标本切片,采用HE及Warthin-Starry染色后观察组织中有无Hp感染。结果:原发性胃淋巴瘤患者29例,胃粘膜组织中发现Hp感染24例,阳性率82.8％。其中胃MALT淋巴瘤8例,Hp感染7例,阳性率87.5％。明显高于同期胃良性病变Hp阳性率46％(P<0.01)。29例中11例进行了术后随访,3例仍存在Hp感染,阳性率27.3％:结论:Hp感染在原发性胃淋巴瘤的发病机制中起一定作用。     

胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的临床和内镜下表现

背量：原发性胃B细胞淋巴瘤发生于黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)，与幽门螺杆菌(H．pylori)感染密切相关。内镜检查是早期诊断胃MALT淋巴瘤的重要方法。目的：探讨胃MALT淋巴瘤的临床和内镜下表现。方法：分析总结经术后病理检查证实为胃MALT淋巴瘤的20例患者的临床、内镜和病理资料。20例患者中，男10例，女10例，男女比例为1：1，平均发病年龄为55．6岁(21～78岁)。结果：20例患者的临床表现均无特异性，上腹疼痛最为常见，其次是饥饿痛、腹胀、恶心、呕吐、黑便等。内镜下表现：病变发生于胃窦部5例，胃体部5例，胃角部1例，贲门部1例，多部位8例：形态表现多样，其中溃疡型10例，弥漫浸润型3例，结节型5例，结节溃疡型2例；内镜活检确诊率较低，仅为5％。20例患者中有12例检测了H.pylori，阳性率为83．3％(10／12)。手术标本免疫组化染色结果均为B细胞恶性淋巴瘤。结论：胃MALT淋巴瘤的临床表现无特异性，内镜下表现多样，病变范围较大。H．pylori感染率高可能与胃MALT淋巴瘤的发病有关。     

胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤35例临床特点分析

目的 汇总分析胃黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤临床、胃镜、病理特征.方法 回顾性分析经胃镜活检及手术后病理证实胃MALT淋巴瘤35例患者的临床资料.结果 35例患者临床表现及内镜下表现并无特异性,幽门螺杆茵（Hp）感染率达89.1％ （31/35）,胃镜下病灶好发于胃窦、胃体,但首次胃镜下活检阳性率较低,仅占48.6％（17/35）.结论 胃MALT淋巴瘤临床表现无特异性,胃镜下表现多样,提高临床和胃镜医师对本病的认识以及提高胃镜下活检阳性率及活检标本加做免疫组织化学染色是诊断胃MALT淋巴瘤的关键.     

胃粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的内镜和病理特点

目的 探讨胃粘膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤的内镜和病理特点,以提高其在内镜下的确诊率。方法 回顾性结合部分前瞻性分析28例患者。结果 胃MALT淋巴瘤多见于40－60岁患者,确诊病程的中位数为8．5月。临床症状无特异性,抗酸剂治疗无效,25％可引起上消化道出血。Hp感染率为78．6％,10．7％患者的CA125可升高,17．9％患者的ESR升高。高度恶性者可发生浸润或转移。肿瘤多位于胃体下段和／或胃窦部,占96．4％,75％表现为单个或多人浅表性溃疡,质地偏硬,但大部分患者的粘膜尚可稍提起,少见的病变有稍隆起性、糜烂和坏死性病变。胃镜下形态诊断的误诊率为89．3％。胃镜下常规活检组织病理检查,恶性疾病漏诊率为57．1％,而胃MALT淋巴国漏诊率为82．1％,术后病理检查确诊率达100％。深而大的活检和免疫组织化学检查有助于确诊。B细胞淋巴瘤占88．9％,T细胞淋巴瘤占11．1％。结论 胃MALT淋巴瘤是一类独特的原发性胃淋巴瘤,具有一定的病理和内镜特点。     

Hp阴性及进展期胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤初始根除Hp疗效分析

[目的]分析幽门螺杆菌(Hp)阴性及进展期胃黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤患者初始根除Hp治疗效果。[方法]收集我院2009-05-2017-12期间44例胃MALT淋巴瘤患者资料,对临床特点、内镜表现、病理检查及转归进行回顾性研究。[结果]44例中33例Hp阳性(阳性组)、11例Hp阴性(阴性组),中位发病年龄分别为58岁、52岁(2组比较P0.05),阳性病例病灶多位于胃远端,阴性以胃近端及弥漫性病变为主(P0.05)。总完全缓解(CR)率86.4%,化疗前接受Hp根除治疗者CR率高于未接受Hp根除治疗者(94.1%∶60%;P0.05)、而复发率远远小于未接受Hp根除治疗者(2.9%∶37.5%;P0.05)。相对阳性组,阴性组患者治疗后到达CR所需时间更长(P0.05)。阳性组与阴性组接受Hp根除治疗后早期患者的CR率比较差异无统计学意义。[结论]Hp阴性胃MALT淋巴瘤患者发病更早。根除Hp治疗可以作为Hp阴性及进展期胃MALT淋巴瘤患者有效的初始治疗方案,但Hp阴性患者疗效评估需要更长的随访时间。     

早期未分化型胃癌与胃黏膜相关淋巴组织 淋巴瘤的内镜下特征差异

目的探讨早期未分化型胃癌（undifferentiated-typed early gastric cancer,UD-EGC）与胃黏膜相关淋巴组织（mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue,MALT）淋巴瘤在白光内镜以及放大内镜窄带光成像（magnifying endoscopy-narrow band imaging,ME-NBI）下的特征性表现。方法回顾2015年3月—2019年7月上海交通大学附属第一人民医院所有留存白光和ME-NBI完整图像资料的病例,比较26例UD-EGC和7例ⅠE1期胃MALT淋巴瘤患者资料。总结分析不同病变在白光内镜和ME-NBI下的特征差异。结果两组患者在年龄、性别、病灶浸润深度等方面差异无统计学意义。在白光内镜下,UD-EGC多为单一病灶,位于胃的下段,边界常不清晰,而MALT淋巴瘤病灶多为多发病灶,位于胃的中段,边界尚清晰。在ME-NBI下,UD-EGC病灶的微表面特征表现为隐窝间区扩张或消失,微血管表现为螺旋状的病理形态,而MALT淋巴瘤常呈现“阡陌交通征”“卵石征”、病灶处残存腺管为幽门螺杆菌相关胃炎表现的微表面特征以及“树样”的微血管特征。幽门螺杆菌根除治疗后,原病灶区域的微表面及微血管形态逐渐恢复正常。结论UD-EGC和胃MALT淋巴瘤在白光内镜下表现为病灶数目、部位和边界特征的不同,在ME-NBI下表现为病灶的微表面和微血管特征的显著差异。对二者内镜特征的识别将有助于减少其在内镜检查中的漏诊和误诊。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.