发展农村卫生人力 加强初级卫生保健

发展农村卫生人力加强初级卫生保健周东海（北京卫生部科教司北京１００７２５）“２０００年人人享有卫生保健”是提高各国人民健康水平的全球性社会目标，实现这一目标的基本途径和策略，是初级卫生保健。世界卫生组织经过时各国卫生保健方法和效果的调查以及世界卫生状...     

全国农村初级卫生保健培训班在吉、桂举办

1978年9月在世界卫生组织倡导下，在现哈萨克斯坦共和国首府诞生了著名的《阿拉木图宣言》，宣言明确提出：初级卫生保健是实现“人人享有卫生保健”目标的关键和基本途径。30年后的2007年11月，卫生部和世界卫生组织在北京联合举办了中国农村初级卫生保健发展国际研讨会，总结宣传中国农村初级卫生保健所采取的重大措施和成效，借鉴国际有益经验，进一步推动中国农村初级卫生保健工作深入开展，纪念《阿拉木图宣言》发表30周年。     

山东省农村21世纪初级卫生保健规划目标调研与分析

阿拉木图会议10年之后的里加会议,重点强调了“人人享有卫生保健”是一项持久性社会目标,发表了《关于重申和加强2000年以及以后年代人人享有卫生保健责任的声明》,呼吁“人人享有卫生保健”应成为所有国家2000年以及以后年代的持久性目标,希望各国要重申并加强“人人享有卫生保健”战略。1999年全国卫生厅局长会议上,我国卫生工作决策者们根据我国农村当前卫生工作的实际情况,提出了制定2010年,全国农村实现人人享有卫生保健目标的设想,张文康部长提出,强化初级卫生保健在农村卫生工作中的“龙头”地位。本文通过对我省部分地区卫生人员的调查与分析,旨在为制定下一步的初级卫生保健发展规划提供一些理论依据和参考意见。     

我国农村实施初级卫生保健的战略与措施

我国有11亿人口，8亿人居住在农村地区，为实现人人享有卫生保健的全球目标，我国始终把在全体农村居民中实施初级卫生保健作为基本的策略和途径。卫生部从中国农村的实际出发，参照世界卫生组织的全球性指标，组织制定了我国农村实现2000年人人享有卫生保健的规划目标，并提出了分层次、分地区、分阶段全面地实施初级卫生保健的构想。本文在此基础上，介绍了我国农村实施初级卫生保健的战略与具体措施。     

广西农村初级卫生保健发展10年回顾与今后工作对策

发展农村初级卫生保健是实施“2000年人人享有卫生保健”全球战略规划的基本措施和途径，同时也是我国社会主义初级阶段改善农村卫生保健状况，提高健康水平的重要策略”《中共中央、国务院关于卫生改革与发展的决定》明确指出：“人人享有卫生保健，全民族健康素质的提高，是社会主义现代化建设的重要目标，是人民生活改善的重要标志，是社会主义精神文明建设的重要内容，是经济和社会可持续发展的重要保障。”1990年卫生部、国家计委、农业部、国家环保总局、全国爱卫会根据我国国情，联合下达《关于我国农村实现“2000年人人享有卫生保健”的规划目标》（以下简称《规划目标》），10年来，在《规划目标》的指导下，农村初级卫生保健作为农村卫生工作的重要系统工程，在全国各地得到了极大的发展和普及，取得了令世人瞩目的成就。     

21世纪初期我国农村初级卫生保健实施策略研究——方法与依据

1990年 3月 ,由卫生部会同国家计委、农业部、国家环保局和全国爱卫会 5部委联合制定下发的我国农村初级卫生保健第一个 10年规划《我国农村实现“2 0 0 0年人人享有卫生保健”的规划目标》,在指导我国农村初级卫生保健的发展中发挥了重要作用 ,极大地推进了我国农村初级卫生保健工作的进程 ,促进了我国农村卫生事业的发展。随着新世纪的到来 ,我国政府在第一个 10年规划中提出的初级卫生保健奋斗目标 ,经过我国政府和我国人民的共同努力而逐步实现。我国政府制定的评价“2 0 0 0年人人享有卫生保健”目标进度的指标与标准体系 ,也随着新世…     

浅论中国初级卫生保健的实践和发展

自世界卫生组织提出“2000年人人健康”全球战略目标和确认初级卫生保健基本策略以来,各国政府都采取行动,为实现这一目标努力,中国政府对实现这一宏伟目标作出了庄严的承诺,为此有关部门联合制定并下发了《中国农村实现“2000年人人享有卫生保健”规划目标》(以下简称《规划目标》)。在各级政府的领导下,通过各部门协同行动,人民群众     

初级卫生保健的发展方向是全科医学服务

自从我国卫生部,国家计划委员会、农业部、国家环境保护局、全国爱委会联合发布的《关于下发“我国农村实现2000年人人享有卫生保键的规划目标”的通知》以来,在幅员辽阔的广大农村里,热火朝天地掀起了实现全球“2000年人人享有卫生保健”战略目标的初级卫生保健活动。按照初级卫生保健规划目标,于1991年已经完成了“两步”走,三阶段的第一阶段任务,目前已有377个县(市)试点有293个县(市)先期达标,并涌现出一批达标先进县(市),我国初级卫生保健工作     

初级卫生保健的筹资渠道与经济投向

“2000年人人享有卫生保健”是世界卫生组织(WHO)1977年提出的全球卫生目标,我国政府于1986年对此表示承诺,并把实现“人人享有卫生保健”作为我国社会经济发展总目标的重要组成部分。初级卫生保健是实现这一目标的关键。我国是一个农业大国,在广大农村,由于经济落后,导致     

福建省农村初级卫生保健试点工作效果评价

一、目标进度根据卫生部、国家计委、农业部、国家环保局、全国爱卫会联合下发的《关于我国农村实现“2000年人人享有卫生保健”的规划目标》和《福建省国民经济和社会发展十年规划和“八五”计划纲要》精神,结合我省卫生工作实际,我们制定了《福建省农村人人享有卫生保健规划》。《规划》确定了我省农村人人享有卫生保健的15项目标,并提出以乡镇为单位分阶段达标步     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.