LDL受体基因第4外显子Xsp Ⅰ位点多态性与高胆固醇血症的相关性研究

目的 研究低密度脂蛋白(LDL)受体基因第4外显子Xsp Ⅰ酶切位点多态性与高胆固醇血症的关系.方法 应用PCR-RFLP技术检测446例高胆固醇血症、284例边缘高胆固醇血症及187名正常血脂人群LDL受体基因第4外显子的Xsp Ⅰ酶切位点多态性.结果 根据LDL受体基因第4外显子是否存在Xsp Ⅰ酶切位点,分为X+X+、X+X-、X-X-三种基因型和X+、X-两种等位基因.(1)高胆固醇血症组的X+X+基因型频率和X+等位基因频率明显高于边缘高胆固醇血症组与正常血脂组(均P<0.05);(2)在第4外显子Xsp Ⅰ位点X-X-、X+X-、X+X+不同基因型组中总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇逐步升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇逐步下降(P<0.05);(3)单因素及多因素logisitic回归分析显示X+X+基因型和X+等位基因与高胆固醇血症显著相关.结论 LDL受体基因第4外显子Xsp Ⅰ位点存在基因多态性,X+X+基因型及X+等位基因是中国人高胆固醇血症产生的原因之一.     

绝经后女性冠状动脉病变与血脂代谢的关系

目的 :研究绝经后女性冠心病 ( CHD)患者血脂特点 ,探讨血脂代谢与冠状动脉病变的关系。方法 :以酶法测定和观察 94例经冠状动脉造影证实有一支以上主要冠状动脉狭窄≥ 5 0 %的绝经后女性 CHD患者的总胆固醇 ( TG)、甘油三酯 ( TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 ( HDL- C)、低密度蛋白胆固醇 ( L DL- C)、载脂蛋白 A1 、B( apo A1 、apo B) ,并以同期同年龄范围的健康体检女性 10 0例为对照组。结果 :1CHD组的 TG和 L DL- C明显高于对照组 ,HDL- C和 apo A1 明显低于对照组 ,而 TC仅轻度高于对照组 ;2多元逐步回归分析的有价值的判别指标为 apo A1 和 L DL- C;3 CHD组高 TG者 5 4例 ( 5 3 .2 % ) ,高 TG者冠状动脉双支及三支病变 2 9例 ( 5 8% ) ,而TG正常者双支及三支病变 13例 ( 2 9.5 % )。结论 :女性绝经后 CHD患者高 TG,高 L DL - C,低 HDL - C和低 apo A1是 CHD的重要危险因素 ,apo A1 和 L DL - C在致 CHD方面意义更大 ,其中高 TG者冠状动脉病变的严重程度更为明显     

血管紧张素转化酶基因多态性对血清血管紧张素转化酶水平及血脂的影响

为探讨血管紧张素转化酶基因多态性对本地人群高血压患者和正常人血清血管紧张素转化酶及血脂水平的影响,采用聚合酶链反应技术,对118例高血压患者和98例正常人的血管紧张素转化酶基因插入/缺失多态性进行分型,并检测血清血管祭张素转化酶活性及血脂含量。结果发现,高血压组血管紧张素转化酶三种基因型(缺失纯合子型、插入纯合子型和杂合子型)及插入/缺失等位基因的频率与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(X2=0.468,P=0.791;X2=0.379,P=0.538)。血清血管紧张素转化酶活性在三种基因型之间差异有显著性意义(F=17.107,P=0.000)。高血压组总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、脂蛋白(a)高于正常对照组(P<0.05);高血压组三种基因型之间血脂各指标含量及正常对照组三种基因型之间总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和载脂蛋白B含量差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。此结果提示,血管紧张素转化酶基因多态性与血清血管肾张素转化酶活性及血脂含量有关,缺失纯合子型高血压患者血清血管紧张素转化酶活性最高且易患高脂血症。     

汉族人载脂蛋白B基因3′端可变数目串联重复序列与冠心病的关系研究

目的　探讨汉族人载脂蛋白 (apo)B基因 3′端可变数目串联重复序列 (3′VNTR)多态性与冠心病的关系。方法　应用聚合酶链反应结合琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术检测了 137例冠心病患者和12 0例健康对照组apoB基因 3′VNTR多态性基因型 ,探讨了apoB基因多态性对血脂水平的影响。结果　冠心病组 3′VNTR B(大等位基因 )频率明显高于对照组 (10 95 %比 5 0 0 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ,且与性别、家族史、吸烟史、体重指数及冠状动脉病变程度无明显关系。冠心病组中 3′VNTR B等位基因携带者血清总胆固醇 (TC)明显高于不含 3′VNTR B等位基因者 ,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)明显低于不含 3′VNTR B等位基因者。Logistic回归分析显示 ,年龄、吸烟、家族史、3′VNTR、TC、甘油三酯 (TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)是冠心病发生的独立危险因素。结论　apoB基因 3′VNTR多态性对人群血脂水平有影响 ,3′VNTR B等位基因可能与汉族人冠心病的发生相关联。     

载脂蛋白B等位基因变异与早发冠心病的关系

目的　研究载脂蛋白 B基因 3 '端 VNTR遗传多态性与早发冠心病之间关系。方法　对 60例早发冠心病患者( CHD)和 5 0例正常对照者 (对照组 )全血 DNA采用聚合酶链反应 ( PCR)法扩增载脂蛋白 B( apolipoprotein B)基因 3 '端可变数目串连重复位点 ( variable num ber tandem ly repeated loci- VNTR)多态性。结果　在 110例中 ,各组的 apo B基因位点呈现了不同的基因带型 ,扩增片段大小为 45 0～ 90 0之间。早发冠心病组发现有 12个等位基因 ,正常人群组有15个等位基因。apo B3 ' 端 VNTR的基因频率分布为 0 .0 0 5～ 0 .3 0 83 ,杂合度为 79.0 %～ 88.8%。早发冠心病组中 ,63 0 bp、660 bp等位基因的频率显著高于正常对照组 ,其血脂水平与对照组有显著性差异 ;不同等位基因组中血脂水平差异无显著性。结论　载脂蛋白 B等位基因 63 0 bp、660 bp可能是早发冠心病的一个危险因子     

原发性高血压患者合并血脂异常与血浆胰岛素浓度的关系

目的　探讨原发性高血压患者血浆胰岛素浓度与血脂、脂蛋白及载脂蛋白水平的关系。方法　比较高血压组与对照组及高血压患者按胰岛素水平分组后与对照组的总胆固醇 (TC)、三酰甘油 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL- C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (L DL- C)、载脂蛋白 AI(apo AI)、载脂蛋白 B(apo B)和血浆胰岛素的水平。结果　原发性高血压患者血脂成分及胰岛素水平均较对照组有明显差异 (分别 P<0 .0 1和 P<0 .0 5 )。按胰岛素水平分组 ,A组胰岛素浓度 <15 ml U / L ,B组胰岛素浓度≥ 15 m IU / L而 <2 5 ml U / L和 C组胰岛素浓度≥ 2 5 m l U /L ;各组与对照组比 ,高血压患者 TC、TG、L DL - C、apo B明显升高 (分别 P<0 .0 1和 P<0 .0 5 ) ,HDL - C、apo AI显著降低 (P<0 .0 1)。高血压患者 TG浓度随胰岛素水平增高而明显增加。结论　原发性高血压患者血浆胰岛素水平增加是其脂代谢异常的原因之一 ,而血脂异常的分布与 TG浓度升高有关     

宫颈癌患者外周血调节性B细胞数量及血清IL-10、TGF-β表达水平

目的探讨宫颈癌患者外周血调节性B细胞数量及血清白细胞介素(IL)-10、转化生长因子(TGF)-β的表达水平。方法选择宫颈癌患者83例,同时选择健康志愿者59例为对照组。检测两组于不同临床分期CD19~+CD5~+/CD19~+B和CD19~+CD5~+CD1d~+/CD19~+B比例及血清IL-10、TGF-β表达情况。结果宫颈癌组CD19~+CD5~+/CD19~+B和CD19~+CD5~+CD1d~+/CD19~+B比例明显高于对照组(P0. 05);血清IL-10、TGF-β表达显著高于对照组(P0. 05);宫颈癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ期组CD19~+CD5~+/CD19~+B和CD19~+CD5~+CD1d~+/CD19~+B比例显著低于Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期组(P0. 05);血清IL-10、TGF-β表达显著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期组(P0. 05)。结论外周血调节性B细胞及血清IL-10和TGF-β可能与宫颈癌进展相关。     

青少年载脂蛋白E、载脂蛋白B基因多态性与冠心病的关系

目的　探讨青少年载脂蛋白 E、载脂蛋白 B基因多态性对冠心病的遗传易感性。方法　采用聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性 ( PCR- RFL P)技术 ,对 15 2名健康汉族大学生 (冠心病家族史阳性者 67人 ,阴性者 85人 )的 apo E、apo BXba I、apo B3 ' VNTR基因型进行分析。结果　阳性组的 e4、x+ 、VNTR- B( HVE>3 8)等位基因频率显著高于阴性组 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,且与血 TC、L DL - C、apo B10 0水平升高有显著相关 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 apo E的 e4、apo BXba I的 x+ 、apo B3 ' VNTR的 VNTR- B可能为冠心病的重要遗传标记     

进食淡水鱼对洞庭湖区人群血脂的影响

目的 :探讨淡水鱼在预防高脂血症中的价值。方法 :以长年生活在渔船上的渔民为试验组 ,当地农民为对照组。采空腹 12 h晨血检测血清胆固醇 (TC) ,甘油三酯 (TG) ,高密度脂蛋白 (HDL) ,载脂蛋白 A(apo A)和载脂蛋白 B(apo B)含量 ,然后对上述各项指标进行 t检验。结果 :试验组 TC、TG、apo B水平较对照组低 (P<0 .0 1) ,而 HDL、apo A及 apo A/ apo B比值较对照组明显升高 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :长期进食淡水鱼能有效地调节血脂水平 ,这可能不失为一种有待开发的有效的冠心病一级预防措施。     

雌激素对高胆固醇兔一氧化氮及内皮素生成的影响

观察雌激素对去卵巢高胆固醇兔动物模型主动脉一氧化氮及血浆内皮素-1的影响,以阐明雌激素抗动脉粥样硬化的部分机理.将21只纯种新西兰雌兔随机分入3组(各7只):A组(去卵巢未补充激素兔),B组(去卵巢补充雌激素兔),C组(未切除卵巢兔),都给予1%胆固醇饮食,8周后取主动脉应用Greiss试剂测定不同浓度的乙酰胆碱作用下主动脉NO代谢物NO_2~-及血浆内皮素的量.10~(-5)乙酰胆碱作用下,B、C组主动脉NO_2~-产量明显低于A组P<0.05),B、C组兔主动脉反应性高,10~(-5)乙酰胆碱作用下NO_2~-产量明显高于同组无乙酰胆碱时NO_2~-产量,A组即使在10~(-5)乙酰胆碱作用下,NO_2~-无明显增高.A组内皮素明显高于B组(P<0.05)及C组(P<0.01).雌激素在整体水平促进NO产生,并抑制内皮素-1生成,可能为抑制动脉粥样硬化形成的重要机理.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.