彩色多普勒超声诊断冠状动脉瘘的临床价值

经彩色多普勒超声心动图检查发现先天性冠状动脉瘘２１例，其中单发瘘口１９例，多发瘘口２例，所有病例均经手术和／或心血管造影证实，表明彩色多普勒超声心动图具有简便，安全，可靠的特点。是无创性诊断先天性冠状动脉瘘的首选方法。     

经胸彩色多普勒超声对先天性冠状动脉瘘的诊断价值分析

目的分析冠状动脉瘘的彩色多普勒超声心动图像特征,探讨经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断冠状动脉瘘的价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声的二维图像、多普勒频谱和彩色显像对26例冠状动脉瘘的解剖异常及心腔内异常高速血流进行观察。结果 26例患者中,超声诊断右冠状动脉瘘18例(69.2%),左冠状动脉瘘6例(23.1%),双侧冠状动脉瘘1例(3.8%)。超声心动图能清楚显示25例冠状动脉瘘的起源/走行和瘘口,超声诊断符合率为96.2%。结论彩色多普勒超声心动图对冠状动脉瘘的诊断有很高的实用价值,但对细小瘘口仍应结合冠状动脉造影检查。     

先天性冠状动脉瘘7例超声心动图分析

目的：总结先天性冠状动脉瘘的超声心动图特征及其诊断价值。方法：利用二雏超声（2DE）、脉冲多普勒（PW）和彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）检测冠状动脉以发现其开口、口径及瘘口位置。结果：本组7例患者，检出右冠状动脉瘘5例、左冠状动脉瘘2例，尚未发现左右冠状动脉瘘者。结论：超声心动图对先天性冠状动脉瘘具有较高诊断价值，可作为首选的检查方法。     

彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断冠状动脉瘘

冠状动脉瘘是一种罕见的先天性心血管畸形,约占先心病的0.25 %～0.4%[1],可单独存在,亦可合并其他心脏畸形.本文总结分析了12例经彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断的冠状动脉瘘,旨在进一步提高彩色多普勒超声心动图对冠状动脉瘘的检出率.     

彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断冠状动脉瘘

目的:探讨冠状动脉瘘的超声表现与临床诊断价值.方法:回顾性总结分析42例冠状动脉瘘的彩色多普勒超声心动图表现,本研究所有患者均经冠状动脉造影和(或)手术确诊.结果:42例冠状动脉瘘患者超声诊断正确39例,均为单发瘘口,漏诊1例多发瘘口(3个瘘口)为单发,误诊两例分别为川崎病、主动脉窦瘤破裂.超声诊断冠状动脉瘘单发瘘口准确率92.3%.结论:彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断冠状动脉瘘及其合并畸形直接、安全、快捷,具有重要的临床价值.     

多普勒超声心动图诊断冠状动脉瘘的临床应用价值

目的：回顾并分析冠状动脉瘘（coronary artery fistula CAF）的多普勒超声心动图（Doppler echocardiography DE）诊断特点,探讨超声心动图对冠状动脉瘘诊断的临床应用价值。资料与方法：对13例已被证实的冠状动脉瘘超声心动图二维、彩色多普勒和连续多普勒图像资料进行回顾性的分析,并总结其超声图像特征及规律。结果：发现13例冠状动脉瘘中12例均做出正确的超声诊断,敏感性92％,特异性100％,多普勒超声心动图特征表现在以下方面：（1）右冠状动脉瘘且右冠－右心系统瘘者多见;（2）瘘入左心室瘘口血流表现为舒张期湍流外,而瘘入其它腔室时均为连续性双期湍流频谱;（3）瘘管及瘘口显示明确时,均可见异常明亮的彩色多普勒血流现象。结论：多普勒超声心动图对冠状动脉瘘诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

多普勒超声心动图诊断冠状动脉瘘的临床应用价值

目的:回顾并分析冠状动脉瘘(coronary artery fistula CAF)的多普勒超声心动图(Doppler echocardiography DE)诊断特点,探讨超声心动图对冠状动脉瘘诊断的临床应用价值。资料与方法:对13例已被证实的冠状动脉瘘超声心动图二维、彩色多普勒和连续多普勒图像资料进行回顾性的分析,并总结其超声图像特征及规律。结果:发现13例冠状动脉瘘中12例均做出正确的超声诊断,敏感性92%,特异性100%,多普勒超声心动图特征表现在以下方面:(1)右冠状动脉瘘且右冠-右心系统瘘者多见;(2)瘘入左心室瘘口血流表现为舒张期湍流外,而瘘入其它腔室时均为连续性双期湍流频谱;(3)瘘管及瘘口显示明确时,均可见异常明亮的彩色多普勒血流现象。结论:多普勒超声心动图对冠状动脉瘘诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

冠状动脉瘘的彩色多普勒超声心动图特征分析

目的 分析冠状动脉瘘的彩色多普勒超声心动图图像特征，探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断冠状动脉瘘的价值。方法 应用彩色多普勒超声心动图对8例冠状动脉瘘的解剖位置及心腔内异常高速血流进行观察。结果 彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断冠状动脉瘘的共同特征：①异常交通的冠状动脉显著扩张，走行迂曲，开口大，瘘口小，可间断或全程显示瘘管。②心腔内异常高速血流。瘘入右心系统者，分流呈双期连续性血流，瘘入左心系统者分流仅见于舒张期。③单纯冠状动脉瘘时无论冠状动脉瘘入哪个心腔均可见左室扩大，主动脉根部内径增宽，瘘入右心者右室亦扩大。④右冠状动脉右心瘘多见，瘘入左心者少见。结论 冠状动脉瘘具有明显彩色多普勒超声心动图的图像特征。     

彩色多普勒超声心动图在先天性冠状动脉瘘诊治中的应用价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图在小儿冠状动脉瘘诊断中的价值.方法 对2004-2007年的16例小儿冠状动脉瘘病例的超声诊断结果进行回顾性分析.结果 16例冠状动脉瘘均经彩色超声心动图检出,与心血管造影和(或)手术结果比较,对冠状动脉瘘定位正确15例,超声诊断准确率93.75%(15/16);其中1例在超声指导下行介入封堵术获得成功.结论 超声心动图能正确描述小儿冠状动脉瘘的起源、走行、开口、瘘口数目、有无分支及血流动力学改变,可对选择治疗方案及评定预后提供依据.     

经胸彩色多普勒超声诊断冠状动脉瘘的临床价值

目的探讨先天性心脏病冠状动脉瘘（coronary artery fistula）的临床表现及经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析32例CAF患者的临床表现及超声心动图特征。结果本组32例CAF患者超声诊断与冠状动脉造影及手术结果符合达100％。结论超声心动图对先心病CAF有较高的诊断价值，可作为首选检查方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.