骨髓间充质干细胞移植大鼠脑缺血区微血管密度和肝细胞生长因子的表达

背景：应用骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脑缺血可促进损伤神经功能的恢复,目前其作用机制尚未明确。 目的：分析骨髓间充质干细胞移植对大鼠脑缺血保护作用的机制。 方法：采用线栓法复制大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞模型,随机分为假手术组、大脑中动脉栓塞组、溶剂对照组和骨髓间充质干细胞组。骨髓间充质干细胞组于脑梗死1 d后经侧脑室注射入骨髓间充质干细胞,溶剂对照组则注射同等剂量的PBS。 结果与结论：大鼠脑缺血后缺血区皮质可见大量的微血管生成,2周达高峰。骨髓间充质干细胞组缺血区微血管密度显著高于大脑中动脉栓塞组和溶剂对照组(P < 0.01)。治疗后4,7,14 d骨髓间充质干细胞组脑组织中肝细胞生长因子的表达水平显著高于大脑中动脉栓塞组和溶剂对照组(P < 0.01)。提示骨髓间充质干细胞移植可促进大鼠缺血区微血管生成,改善缺血区血运,从而改善脑缺血大鼠的神经功能。     

Intravenously delivered neural stem cells migrate into ischemic brain,differentiate and improve functional recovery after transient ischemic stroke in adult rats

Stem cell transplantation may provide an alternative therapy to promote functional recovery after various neurological disorders including cerebral infarct. Due to the minimal immunogenicity and neuronal differentiation potential of neural stem cells (NSCs), we tested whether intravenous administration of mice-derived C17.2 NSCs could improve neurological function deficit and cerebral infarction volume after ischemic stroke in rats. Additionally, we evaluated the survival, migration, proliferation, and differentiation capacity of transplanted NSCs in the rat brain. Intravenous infusion of NSCs after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) showed better performance in neurobiological severity scores after MCAO compared to control. However, the volume of cerebral infarction was not different at 7 days after MCAO compared with control. Transplanted NSCs were detected in the ischemic region but not in the contralateral hemisphere. NSCs differentiated into neurons or astrocytes after MCAO. These data suggest that intravenously transplanted NSCs can migrate, proliferate, and differentiate into neurons and astrocytes in the rat brain with focal ischemia and improve functional recovery.     

脂肪来源的干细胞移植对大鼠脑缺血后TGF-β1表达的影响

目的:探讨脂肪来源的干细胞(ADSC)移植促进大鼠脑缺血后微血管生成作用的可能机制。方法:108只成年雄性Sprague-Darley大鼠,随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、局灶性脑缺血组(MCAO组)、溶剂对照组(vehicle组)和ADSC治疗组(ADSC组),采用改良的Longa线栓法制作大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型,ADSC移植前用CFSE标记,ADSC组于造模成功1 d后经侧脑室注射入30μL的ADSC细胞悬液,内含1×106细胞,vehicle组则注射同等剂量的PBS。术后4d、7 d和14 d分批断头取脑,检测缺血区脑组织TGF-β1表达的变化。结果:ADSC组术后4 d、7 d和14 d脑组织中TGF-β1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均较MCAO组和vehicle组明显增高,同时显示脑缺血后经侧脑室移植的ADSC能够存活并分泌生长因子TGF-β1。结论:ADSC移植促进脑缺血大鼠缺血区微血管生成的机制可能与促进TGF-β1的表达有关。     

Expression of IL-10 and TNF-α in Rats with Cerebral Infarction after Transplantation with Mesenchymal Stem Cells

We investigated the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） transplantation on the recovery of neurological functions in rat＇s MCAO （middle cerebral artery occlusion） model and its mechanism. MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of male Sprague Dawley （SD） rats. Female adult SD rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups： sham-operated group, MCAO group, vehicle group and MCAO ＋ MSCs-treated group. MSCs were injected into the lateral ventricle of rats in the MSCs-treated group and the same volume of PBS was given to the vehicle group. The expressions of IL-10 and TNF-α were assayed by RT-PCR and ELISA detections at day 1 and 4 after MCAO. The infarction volume was measured by TTC-staining. All rats underwent behavioral tests before, as well as 1, 4, and 14 days after MCAO. MSCs significantly improved functional recovery compared with the control at day 14 after transplantation. Compared with the MCAO group and the vehicle group, the expression of IL-10 mRNA and its protein level in the MSCs group significantly upregulated. However, the expression of TNF-α at day 4 after MCAO in the MSCs group significantly decreased compared with that of the MCAO group and the vehicle group. As a result, transplantation with MSCs significantly decreased infarct volume at day 1 and 4. This study strongly suggested transplantation with MSCs could reduce neuronal injury post focal cerebral ischemia in rats partly by regulating the expressions of IL-10 and TNF-α in the brain.     

脂肪来源的干细胞移植对大鼠脑缺血后神经细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、caspase-12表达的影响

目的:探讨脂肪来源的干细胞(ADSCs)移植对大鼠脑缺血后神经细胞凋亡的影响及其机制研究。方法:72只清洁级成年雄性Sprague-Darley大鼠,随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、局灶性脑缺血组(MCAO组)、溶剂对照组(Vehicle组)和ADSC治疗组(ADSC组),每组18只,采用改良Zea-Longa线栓法制作大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型,ADSC组于造模成功1d后经侧脑室注射入30μL的ADSC细胞悬液(内含1×106个细胞),分别于术后4d、7d和14d采用TUNEL法检测缺血区神经细胞凋亡,用免疫组织化学法和RT-PCR法检测脑组织Bcl-2、caspase-12表达的变化。结果:大鼠脑缺血后缺血周边区可见大量细胞凋亡,ADSC组较MCAO组和Vehicle组细胞凋亡明显减少(P<0.05);ADSC组术后4d、7d和14d脑组织中Bcl-2的表达水平较MCAO组和Vehicle组明显增高(P<0.05),而caspase-12的表达水平较MCAO组和Vehicle组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:ADSCs移植减少脑缺血大鼠缺血区细胞凋亡,其机制可能与促进Bcl-2的表达和抑制caspase-12的表达有关。     

Intravenous administration of bone marrow stromal cells increases survivin and Bcl-2 protein expression and improves sensorimotor function following ischemia in rats

Intravenous administration of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) in animal models with focal cerebral ischemia has been found to be effective in attenuating neuronal damage. We examined whether intravenously transplanted MSCs alters expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Fisher-344 rats were subjected to 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The experimental groups were: (I) vehicle group, with intravenous injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) 3h after MCAO; and (II) transplant group, with intravenous injection of MSCs (3x10(6)cells) 3h after MCAO. Neurological function of rats was evaluated using modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and Rotor-rod Motor Test (RMT). Rats were sacrificed on 1st, 3rd and 7th days of MCAO, and coronal brain sections were stained immunohistochemically to identify the apoptosis-related proteins, namely survivin and Bcl-2. We also examined Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated dUTP-biotin Nick End Labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells on 3rd day of MCAO. Functional recovery according to mNSS and RMT was significantly better in the transplant group as compared with the vehicle group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant expression of survivin on 3rd day and Bcl-2 on 1st and 3rd days in the transplant group. The vehicle group displayed significantly more TUNEL-positive cells than the transplant group on 3rd day (P<0.05). These results suggest that intravenous transplantation of MSCs prevents down-regulation of survivin and Bcl-2 preventing apoptosis and cell death in the ischemic brain leading to motor and sensory function recovery.     

Transplantation of neural stem cells modified by human neurotrophin-3 promotes functional recovery after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats

The study tested the hypothesis that transplantation of human neurotrophin-3 (hNT-3) over-expressing neural stem cells (NSCs) into rat striatum after a severe focal ischemia would promote functional recovery. Rat NSCs, transduced by Flag-tagged hNT-3 gene mediated by lentiviral vector (LV), were transplanted into the striatum ipsilateral to the injury of adult rats 7 days after 2-h occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). From 3 days to 2 weeks after transplantation, the modified cells (NSCs-hNT3, as defined by Flag immunofluorencence staining) that survived the transplantation procedures could secrete significantly higher levels of neurotrophin-3 protein in the graft sites than controls (P<0.001). Furthermore, the rats that accepted NSCs-hNT3 exhibited enhanced functional recovery on neurological and behavioral tests, compared with controlled animals transplanted with saline or untransduced NSCs. This study suggests: (1) LV is an ideal vector to transduce foreign gene into the NSCs; (2) modified NSCs could carry therapeutic genes to disease tissues and express effectively; (3) modified cells could survive in the ischemic brains and continue to secrete neurotrophin-3 abundantly for over 2 weeks, which might have values for enhancing functional recovery after stroke.     

Transplanted Late Outgrowth Endothelial Progenitor Cells as Cell Therapy Product for Stroke

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) seem to be a promising option to treat patients with ischemic diseases. Here, we investigated the effects of late outgrowth EPCs, or endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), a recently defined homogeneous subtype of EPCs, in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Either vehicle or 4.10⁶ ECFCs, isolated from human cord blood, were intravenously injected 24?h after 1?h MCAO in rats assigned to control and transplanted groups respectively. ¹¹¹In-oxine-labeled ECFCs specifically homed to ischemic hemisphere and CM-Dil prelabeled ECFCs preferentially settled in the inner boundary of the core area of transplanted animals. Although incorporation of cells into neovessels was hardly detectable, ECFCs transplantation was associated with a reduction in apoptotic cell number, an increase in capillary density and a stimulation of neurogenesis at the site of injury. These effects were associated with an increase in growth factors expression in homogenates from ischemic area and may be related to the secretion by ECFCs of soluble factors that could affect apoptosis, vascular growth and neurogenesis. Microscopic examination of the ischemic hemisphere showed that ECFCs transplantation was also associated with a reduction in reactive astrogliosis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ECFCs injected 24?h after MCAO settled in the injured area and improved functional recovery. The neurological benefits may be linked to a reduction in ischemia-induced apoptosis and a stimulation of ischemia-induced angiogenesis and neurogenesis. These findings raise perspectives for the use of ECFCs as a well-characterized cell therapy product for optimal therapeutic outcome after stroke.     

胡黄连苷Ⅱ对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的干预作用

目的研究胡黄连苷Ⅱ对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的神经保护作用。方法应用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注(MCAO/R)模型,经尾静脉注射胡黄连苷Ⅱ(10mg/kg)和丹参素钠(10mg/kg)干预治疗,Bederson法评价动物的神经行为功能,氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色观察脑梗死体积,组织病理学观察神经细胞结构,原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡。结果脑缺血再灌注损伤后,大鼠均表现神经行为功能障碍,缺血侧出现脑梗塞病灶,神经细胞凋亡数量均高于假手术组。胡黄连苷Ⅱ和丹参素钠治疗后,神经细胞凋亡数量明显减少、脑梗塞体积显著缩小,动物神经行为功能明显改善,与模型对照组比较均有显著性差异(P0.05)。胡黄连苷Ⅱ组脑梗塞体积显著小于丹参素钠组(P0.05)。结论胡黄连苷Ⅱ可能通过抑制细胞凋亡,缩小梗死体积而改善大鼠的神经行为功能。     

神经调节素治疗小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制(英)

目的：研究神经调节素-1β(NRG-1β)对小鼠脑缺血再灌注后神经行为功能、脑geng梗死体积、脑组织含水量、神经细胞凋亡以及胶质细胞水通道蛋白-4（AQP-4）表达的影响和神经保护作用机制。 方法:应用线栓法建立小鼠大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注（MCAO/R）模型,经颈内动脉微量注射NRG-1β(2 μg/kg) 干预治疗,Bederson法评价动物的神经行为功能,氯化三苯基四氮唑（TTC）染色观察脑梗死体积,干湿重法测定脑组织含水量,免疫荧光染色检测神经细胞凋亡,免疫组织化学检测AQP-4的表达。结果:脑缺血再灌注损伤后,动物均表现神经行为功能障碍,缺血侧出现脑梗塞病灶,脑组织含水量、神经细胞凋亡数量和胶质细胞AQP-4表达均高于假手术对照组。与MCAO/R组相比较,MCAO/R+NRG-1β治疗组缺血24h动物神经行为功能损伤明显改善、凋亡神经细胞数明显减少、脑梗塞体积显著缩小,P<0.05;但脑组织含水量和AQP-4表达与MCAO/R组比较无显著差异,P>0.05。缺血再灌注22 h、46 h和70 h组,上述5项指标较相应的MCAO/R组均有显著差异,P<0.05。结论:NRG-1β可能通过下调脑缺血再灌注损伤诱导的胶质细胞AQP-4表达和抑制细胞凋亡,以减轻脑水肿和缩小梗死体积,从而改善动物的神经行为功能。     

脂肪来源的干细胞移植对大鼠脑缺血后微血管生成及bFGF和VEGF表达的影响

目的:探讨脂肪来源的干细胞(ADSC)移植对大鼠脑缺血后微血管生成的可能机制.方法:72只清洁级成年雄性Sprague-Darley大鼠, 随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、局灶性脑缺血组(MCAO组)、溶剂对照组(vehicle组)和ADSC治疗组(ADSC组), 每组18 只, 采用改良Zea-Longa线栓法制作大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型, ADSC移植前用DAPI标记, ADSC 组于造模成功1 d后经侧脑室注射入30 μL的经DAPI标记的ADSC细胞悬液, 内含1×106细胞, vehicle组则注射同等剂量的PBS, 术后4 d、7 d和14 d分批处死实验动物, 并断头取脑, 采用免疫组织化学法和半定量RT-PCR法检测缺血区脑组织的新生血管及bFGF和VEGF表达的动态变化.结果:大鼠脑缺血后缺血区即可见大量的微血管生成, 2周达高峰.ADSC组较MCAO组和vehicle组缺血区微血管密度明显增高(P＜0.01);ADSC组术后4 d、7 d和14 d脑组织中bFGF和VEGF的表达水平较MCAO组和vehicle组明显增高.结论:ADSC移植促进脑缺血大鼠缺血区微血管的生成, 其机制可能与促进bFGF和VEGF的表达有关.     

Behavioral changes in unilaterally 6-hydroxy-dopamine lesioned rats after transplantation of differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells without morphological integration

OBJECTIVE: Transplantation of fetal mesencephalic cells into the striatum has been performed in about 350 patients with Parkinson's disease and has been intensively studied in rat models of Parkinson's disease. Limited access to this material has shifted the focus toward embryonic stem (ES) cells. The grafting of undifferentiated ES cells to 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats leads to behavioral improvements but may induce teratoma-like structures. This risk might be avoided by using more differentiated ES cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate differentiated mouse ES cells regarding their in vivo development and fate after transplantation in the striatum in the 6-OHDA rat model and the behavioral changes induced after transplantation. METHODS: Mouse ES cells were differentiated on PA6 feeder cells for 14 days before grafting. Twenty to twenty-five percent of the neurons obtained were positive for tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH). PKH26-labeled cells were transplanted in the striata of unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. RESULTS: Direct PKH26 fluorescence visualization and TH staining proved the existence of cell deposits in the striata of all grafted animals, indicating cell survival for at least 5 weeks posttransplantation. There was no evidence of tumor formation. Immunocytochemical staining showed glial immunoreactivity surrounding the grafted cell deposits, probably inhibiting axonal outgrowth into the surrounding host tissue. There was a significant reduction in amphetamine-induced rotational behavior seen in grafted animals, which was not observed in sham-operated animals. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that the amphetamine-induced rotational behavioral test without histological confirmation is not proof of morphological integration with axonal outgrowth within the first 4 weeks posttransplantation.     

侧脑室移植骨髓基质细胞对脑缺血再灌注大鼠运动及认知功能的影响

背景：将骨髓基质细胞经侧脑室移植治疗大脑中动脉阻断缺血所致脑梗死模型鼠已取得一定效果,但尚未见对其认知功能的影响。 目的：观察骨髓基质细胞侧脑室移植对大脑中动脉阻断缺血模型大鼠行为认知功能的影响,并观察脑梗死灶大小的变化和植入骨髓基质细胞的迁移路径。 方法：制作SD大鼠大脑中动脉阻断缺血2 h再灌注模型后随机分为3组,骨髓基质细胞组及磷酸缓冲液组分别于梗死侧侧脑室注射骨髓基质细胞悬液5 μL(含约1.0×10⁶个细胞)或等量的磷酸缓冲液,模型组和不造模的正常组不作任何处理。应用平衡木实验观察大鼠运动协调能力,水迷宫实验观察其游泳速度及空间学习记忆能力;苏木精-伊红染色观察梗死灶大小的变化,免疫组化观察BrdU阳性细胞的迁移路径。 结果与结论：骨髓基质细胞组在移植后第3,7,14天平衡木评分均有显著改善(P < 0.05)。移植后第7~10天,骨髓基质细胞组大鼠的游泳速度均快于磷酸缓冲液组(P  < 0.05)。骨髓基质细胞组大鼠寻找平台潜伏期的时间明显缩短(P < 0.05),在原平台象限所占时间百分比和路程百分比及穿越平台次数明显增加(P < 0.05)。移植后7,14 d,各模型组大鼠苏木精-伊红染色均可见典型的脑缺血梗死病灶,梗死面积百分比无明显差异。BrdU染色显示,移植后第1天,阳性细胞都聚集在移植侧侧脑室,以紧密排列的细胞团形式存在于脑室壁;第3天大部分细胞穿越脑室壁以单个细胞形式向周围缺血区迁移;第14天移植细胞在梗死的纹状体、皮质可见。提示大脑中动脉阻断缺血后24 h侧脑室移植骨髓基质细胞可明显改善运动协调能力及空间学习记忆能力;移植骨髓基质细胞未能减小梗死灶大小,但侧脑室移植的骨髓基质细胞可存活并定向性地迁移至缺血的纹状体和皮质。     

胚胎干细胞源性神经前体细胞移植脑缺血大鼠局部细胞的免疫反应

背景：神经前体细胞的免疫原性各家研究结果不一,尤其是体内移植后的机体免疫反应模式需要进一步研究。 目的：体外观察神经前体细胞组成型及诱导型主要组织相容性抗原表达情况;体内观察神经前体细胞移植入大鼠脑缺血组织后局部免疫细胞活化情况,探讨神经前体细胞的移植排斥可能性及模式。 方法：自pCX-hrGFP ES-D3胚胎干细胞诱导分化神经前体细胞,流式细胞术体外检测主要组织相容性抗原Ⅰ,Ⅱ类分子表达及γ-干扰素诱导前后表达变化。实验分3组,磷酸盐缓冲液组、神经前体细胞组分别于大脑中动脉缺血大鼠模型造模后经侧脑室给予磷酸盐缓冲液注射及神经前体细胞移植,假手术组不造模。免疫组化法观察纹状区ED1+、CD4+、CD8+细胞浸润情况;淋巴细胞再刺激增殖实验观测神经前体细胞诱导移植大鼠颈部淋巴细胞的增殖指数。 结果与结论：神经前体细胞组成型高表达主要组织相容性抗原Ⅰ类分子,几乎不表达主要组织相容性抗原Ⅱ类分子;经γ-干扰素诱导后,主要组织相容性抗原Ⅰ类分子进一步上调,主要组织相容性抗原Ⅱ类分子亦有轻度上调,提示神经前体细胞有可能引起机体免疫反应。移植实验表明,与假手术组相比,磷酸盐缓冲液组及神经前体细胞组均表现强烈的ED1+、CD4+、CD8+细胞浸润(P < 0.05),说明脑缺血损伤本身能导致局部免疫细胞活化;神经前体细胞组比磷酸盐缓冲液组有更强的ED1+、CD4+细胞浸润(P < 0.05),提示神经前体细胞移植可能导致局部免疫更进一步活化,且以CD4+T细胞反应为主。磷酸盐缓冲液组及神经前体细胞组神经前体细胞诱导下的增殖指数值均较假手术组升高(P < 0.01),但前两组增殖指数值比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),提示脑组织局部炎症导致颈部淋巴细胞增殖性增加,而离体神经前体细胞不足以单独刺激致敏淋巴细胞增殖。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

hUCMSCs与VEGF联合移植对MCAO大鼠微血管密度的影响

目的将体外培养的人脐带间充质干细胞(hUCMSCs)与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)联合植入脑缺血(MCAO)模型大鼠脑内,观察缺血区血管新生和神经功能缺损修复情况。方法选择75只SD大鼠分为MCAO组、hUCMSCs组、VEGF组和hUCMSCs+VEGF组,观察在缺血前、缺血后7d、14d、28d4个时间点改良神经功能评分(mNSS)变化及7d、14d、28d3个时间点免疫组织化学法检测脑缺血区域微血管密度(MVD)。结果在缺血后7d、14d、28d3个时间点mNSS评分:shamhUCMSCsorVEGF>hUCMSCs+VEGF(P<0.05),hUCMSCs组、VEGF组、hUCMSCs+VEGF组的新生血管密度均高于MCAO组(P<0.05),其中hUCMSCs+VEGF组微血管密度最高(P<0.01)。结论 hUCMSCs联合VEGF移植入MCAO模型大鼠脑内,可促进其缺血区血管新生和神经功能的恢复。     

移植BDNF和GDNF基因修饰的hMSCs对大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞的影响

 目的：构建脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF）基因的非病毒表达载体,用脂质体法转染人骨髓间充质干细胞（hMSCs）,观察其对大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞（MCAO）模型的影响,探索移植转基因修饰的hMSCs治疗脑血管疾病的可行性。方法：构建高效非病毒表达载体,用脂质体法转染获得高表达2种神经营养因子的hMSCs。建立大鼠MCAO模型,建模后24 h经股静脉进行转基因hMSCs移植,并以磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)和hMSCs为对照。用脑梗死体积计算、体重变化、行为学评测等指标对大鼠脑损伤程度进行评估,通过大鼠脑组织观察和病理切片对脑组织损伤以及细胞的迁移分化情况进行分析。结果：经股静脉转基因hMSCs移植能够提高大鼠MCAO后的感觉运动功能,减小脑梗死体积,与PBS对照组相比有显著差异;与hMSCs治疗组相比,治疗效果较好且稳定。移植的细胞在脑损伤区域有少数存活但未见分化现象。结论：经静脉移植脂质体介导、GDNF和BDNF基因修饰的hMSCs,可促进缺血脑组织的损伤修复,效果较好,为非病毒载体在干细胞相关转基因治疗的应用提供了理论依据。本研究表明,MSCs的作用不依赖干细胞的分化和神经元的替换,而可能与其分泌细胞因子对抗脑损伤并促进神经修复有关,在MSCs中转入特定的外源性神经营养因子可加强这一作用。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对脑梗塞大鼠神经功能恢复及突触素表达的影响

目的:探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)移植对脑缺血大鼠神经功能恢复和脑组织中突触素(synaptophysin)mRNA表达的影响.方法:72只清洁级成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、局灶性脑缺血组(MCAO组)、溶剂对照组(vehicle组)和BMSC治疗组(BMSC组),每组18只,采用改良Zea-Longa线栓法制作大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型,BMSC移植前用DAPI标记,BMSC组于造模成功1 d后经侧脑室注射入BMSC(1×106),vehicle组则注射同等剂量的PBS,术后4 d、7 d和14 d通过平衡木行走、转棒上行走及网屏抓握进行神经功能评估,观察其恢复状况,并断头取脑,免疫组织化学及RT-PCR法检测突触素表达情况.结果:BMSC组缺血周边区脑组织中观察到DAPI染色的阳性细胞.BMSC组术后7 d和14 d神经功能评估明显优于MCAO组和vehicle组(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);BMSC组术后4 d、7 d和14 d脑组织中突触素表达较MCAO组和vehicle组明显增高(P＜0.01).结论:BMSC移植可以促进脑缺血大鼠神经功能的恢复,促进缺血脑组织中突触素生成,BMSC移植促进脑缺血大鼠神经功能恢复部分是通过促进脑组织中生成突触素发挥作用.     

注射用七叶皂苷钠联合脐带间充质干细胞移植改善脑梗死大鼠神经功能

背景：单纯的脐带间充质干细胞移植修复受损脑组织的作用并不十分理想。 目的：观察脐带间充质干细胞移植联合注射用七叶皂苷钠治疗大鼠脑梗死的效果。 方法：应用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞模型,随机分为对照组、细胞移植组、七叶皂苷钠+ 细胞移植组,分别尾静脉注射细胞培养液、1×10¹⁰ L^-1脐带间充质干细胞悬液、尾静脉1×10¹⁰ L^-1脐带间充质干细胞悬液同时经腹腔注射七叶皂苷钠 5 mg/(kg•d),连续5 d。 结果与结论：移植后1周,七叶皂苷钠+细胞移植组大鼠神经功能障碍评分低于细胞移植组及对照组(P < 0.05);七叶皂苷钠+细胞移植组大鼠脑梗死周围组织AQP9 及AQP4 mRNA的表达低于细胞移植组,却高于对照组(P < 0.05);七叶皂苷钠+细胞移植组CM-Dil阳性细胞和神经元数量多于细胞移植组及对照组(P < 0.05)。提示脐带间充质干细胞移植联合注射用七叶皂苷钠治疗大鼠脑梗死可明显改善大鼠的神经功能。     

脂肪来源的干细胞移植对脑缺血大鼠神经轴突再生的影响

目的:探讨脂肪来源的干细胞(ADSC)移植对脑缺血大鼠神经轴突生长以及神经胶质酸性蛋白(GFAP)、神经突蛋白(Neuritin)、神经微丝蛋白200(NF-200)表达的影响。方法:54只清洁级成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为3组:假手术组(Sham组)、模型组(MCAO组)及MCAO+ADSC治疗组(ADSC组),每组18只。采用改良Zea-Longa线栓制法大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型,ADSC移植前用DAPI标记,ADSC组于造模成功1 d后经侧脑室注射入ADSC(1×106),分别于术后7 d、14 d、28 d观察其恢复情况,并断头取脑,通过免疫荧光、Western blot法检测脑缺血组织中GFAP、Neuritin、NF-200表达情况。结果:ADSC组缺血周边区脑组织中能观察到DAPI染色的阳性细胞;ADSC组与MCAO组相比在各个时间点脑组织中GFAP阳性细胞表达明显降低(P<0.05),神经突蛋白和神经微丝蛋白200表达明显增高(P<0.05)。结论:ADSC移植后可引起脑缺血后期组织中Neuritin、NF-200有效表达,并抑制GFAP阳性细胞增生,促进了神经轴突再生和修复。     

神经干细胞移植对HIBD新生大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的：探讨脑内移植胚鼠神经干细胞 (NSCs)对新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)后学习记忆的影响。 方法： 分离孕龄14 d的Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠胚胎前脑皮质，采用无血清悬浮培养的方法获得细胞克隆；7 d龄新生大鼠随机分为假手术组（n=10）、HIBD组（n=11）和移植组（n=13），后两组结扎左侧颈总动脉联合8%氧吸入制作HIBD模型，损伤后3 d利用立体定位仪分别在左侧海马区植入培养基作为对照或BrdU 标记的NSCs，观察植入4 周后大鼠学习记忆功能的恢复情况。计数海马CA1区正常神经元，间接免疫荧光法观察移植细胞在脑内的存活、迁移情况。 结果： 在放射形迷宫测试中，移植组较对照组表现出明显的改善，觅水时间缩短(61.40 s±24.83 s vs 89.32 s±31.52 s)，错误次数（2.65±0.57 vs 3.78±0.41）及重复次数明显减少(0.32±0.43 vs 0.81±0.47)(P<0.05)。BrdU间接免疫荧光显示移植后4周，在脑内可见存活的NSCs在海马内广泛分布；尼氏染色显示移植可明显减少海马CA1区的细胞丢失。 结论： 脑内移植胚鼠NSCs对HIBD新生大鼠的学习记忆恢复有良好的促进作用。