原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者低骨量、骨质疏松危险因素的研究

目的 探讨原发性胆汁性胆管炎（primary biliary cholangitis，PBC）患者发生低骨量、骨质疏松的危险因素。方法 采用病例对照的研究方法，回顾性收集2018年11月至2020年6月在昆明医科大学第二附属医院完善了骨密度检查的PBC患者128例，根据骨密度检查结果分为3组，骨量正常组28例，低骨量组58例，骨质疏松组42例，分析PBC患者发生低骨量、骨质疏松的危险因素。结果 在PBC骨量正常、低骨量、骨质疏松3组患者中，年龄、PBC病史、熊去氧胆酸（ursodeoxycholic acid，UDCA）治疗疗程、UDCA治疗应答情况、长期使用利尿剂、肝硬化、腹水、肌少症、高脂血症，以及胆汁酸、DB 、IgA、IL-6水平不同，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。其中，高龄、合并腹水、肌少症、高脂血症是PBC患者发生低骨量、骨质疏松的独立危险因素，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 PBC患者低骨量、骨质疏松发生率较高，高龄、腹水、肌少症、高脂血症是PBC患者发生低骨量、骨质疏松的独立危险因素。     

类风湿关节炎合并骨质疏松与7关节超声评分相关性及预测模型

目的 探讨类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis,RA）合并骨质疏松与7关节超声评分（7-joint ultrasound score ,US7）相关性并建立骨质疏松预测模型。方法 123例RA患者根据骨密度检测结果分为骨质疏松组、低骨量组和骨量正常组,进行病史记录、血清学检测、US7超声评分,通过多元logistic回归分析建立预测模型。结果 多元Logistic回归分析显示：年龄、病程、DAS28、抗环瓜氨酸抗体（CCP）是骨质疏松组与骨量正常组、低骨量组与骨量正常组的危险因子（P<0.001）。预测模型总符合率78.0 %,骨质疏松模型符合率87.5 %、低骨量模型53.3 %、正常模型82.8 %。结论 年龄、病程、DAS28、CCP是RA患者骨量异常的危险因子,建立的骨质疏松模型可为预测RA患者骨质疏松提供重要参考。     

Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in osteoporosis

Evaluation of the efficacy of osteoporosis treatments poses a major challenge for clinical investigators. This paper addresses the question of whether increases in bone mass induced by therapy for osteoporosis are sufficient to determine the efficacy of that therapy, or whether long-term fracture endpoint studies are required. Osteoporosis has been defined as a systematic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. This association between bone mass and fracture risk has been found to be stronger than other well-recognized risk factor associations, such as blood pressure and risk of stroke. Although fracture endpoint studies would provide confirmation of the benefit of osteoporosis therapy, such trials require that several thousand patients be studied for many years, making such studies impractical as a means for providing data for the approval of new therapies. Determination of increased bone mass may provide data that are just as useful in evaluating therapeutic efficacy. The use of bone mass as the primary efficacy endpoint for those therapies that are associated with normal bone quality is justified by the well-documented relationship between bone mass and fracture risk observed in several epidemiological studies.     

High serum sclerostin predicts the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women: The center of excellence for osteoporosis research study

Sclerostin regulates bone formation by inhibiting Wnt pathway signaling. Low circulating sclerostin levels cause high bone mass. We hypothesized that postmenopausal women with increased sclerostin levels have a greater risk for osteoporosis‐related fractures. We examined the association between circulating sclerostin together with bone turnover markers and osteoporosis‐related fracture risk in 707 postmenopausal women, in a population‐based study with a mean follow‐up period of 5.2 ± 1.3 years. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze fracture risk, adjusted for age, body mass index, and other confounding risk factors. High sclerostin levels were strongly associated with increased fracture risk. After adjustment for age and other confounders, the relative fracture risk was more than sevenfold among postmenopausal women for each 1‐SD increment increase in sclerostin level. Women in the highest quartile of sclerostin levels had about a 15‐fold increase in fracture risk. Results were similar when we compared sclerostin at the 1‐year visit to an average of two to three annual measurements. Fracture risk attributable to sclerostin levels was 56.6% in the highest quartile. Only high levels of bone resorption markers (plasma cross‐linked C‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen [p‐CTx], urinary CTx [u‐CTx], and urinary N‐telopeptide of type 1 collagen [u‐NTx]) were predictive of osteoporosis‐related fractures but at much lower hazard ratio (HR) values than that of serum sclerostin. Associations between sclerostin levels and fracture risk were independent of bone mineral density and other confounding risk factors. High sclerostin levels are a strong and independent risk factor for osteoporosis‐related fractures among postmenopausal women. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

五禽戏与原发性骨质疏松症相关研究概述

原发性骨质疏松症的主要特征是骨量减少、骨组织微结构破坏、骨脆性增高和骨折危险性增加.而科学合理的运动可有效地增加骨量,延缓骨量丢失,从而起到防治骨质疏松的目的.为更深刻地认识和探讨运动与原发性骨质疏松的关系,笔者从运动防治原发性骨质疏松的机制方面就五禽戏与原发性骨质疏松症相关研究进行综述.     

Utility of screening tools for the prediction of low bone mass in African American men

Introduction Osteoporosis remains under-diagnosed, particularly in African American men, despite the availability of reliable diagnostic tests. In women, several screening tools, including heel ultrasound and clinical assessment tools, reliably predict low bone mass, however the usefulness of these screening tools in African American men is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of screening tools, namely heel ultrasound, the osteoporosis self-assessment tool (OST), weight-based criterion (WBC) and body mass index (BMI), in screening for low bone mass in African American men. Materials and methods African American men 35 years of age and older were invited to participate. The OST risk index is a score based on age and weight [(weight in kilograms – age in years) × 0.2]. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the heel was measured by heel ultrasound, and BMD of both the lumbar spine and hip were determined by dual energy X-ray absorptometry (DXA). One hundred and twenty-eight men fulfilled the inclusion criteria for our study. Results The population prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis were 39% and 7%, respectively. Using a heel ultrasound T-score cut-off value of −1 or less, we predicted low bone mass (T-score of −2 or less at the hip) with a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 71% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80. Using an OST cut-off value of 4, we predicted low bone mass with a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 57% and an AUC of 0.83. The OST risk index ranged from 18.1 to −6.1, based on which we categorized risk as: low, 5 or greater; moderate, 0–4; high, −1 or less. Of the men with a high-risk OST score, 87% had either osteopenia or osteoporosis based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Using the WBC alone with a cut-off value of 85 kg, we predicted low bone mass with a sensitivity of 74%, a specificity of 50% and an AUC of 0.70. A BMI cut-off value of 30 or greater yielded a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 43% and an AUC of 0.70 for the diagnosis of low bone mass. Discussion The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis were unexpectedly high in outpatient African American male veterans, who are considered to be at low risk for low bone mass. Heel ultrasound was able to predict low bone mass with sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity for use as a screening tool. Surprisingly, WBC and BMI proved ineffective in predicting low bone mass with adequate sensitivity and specificity. The OST, a clinical formula based on weight and age, appeared to be an easy and reliable screening tool for identifying men at high risk for low bone mass.     

Does Bone Mineral Density and Knowledge Influence Health-Related Behaviors of Elderly Men at Risk for Osteoporosis?

To determine if bone mineral density (BMD) substantially influences health-related behaviors in men at risk for osteoporosis, we surveyed 102 men who were participating in a study of prostate cancer and bone loss. Subjects included 68 men with prostate cancer, 44 of whom were hypogonadal on androgen deprivation therapy, and 34 healthy age-matched controls without prostate cancer. At least 6 mo after an initial evaluation, assessment of BMD, and osteoporosis information session, men were administered a questionnaire regarding their healthrelated behaviors. We found that men with osteopenia were 4 times as likely (13%) and men with osteoporosis were more than 10 times as likely (41%) to start taking bisphosphonates compared to men with a normal bone mass (3%, p < 0.0001). Men with low bone mass were more likely to begin taking calcium (p < 0.05) and vitamin D supplements (p < 0.05). Hypogonadal men were 10 times as likely to begin using bisphosphonates (34%) compared to the control group (3%, p < 0.0001) and twice as likely to begin using calcium supplements (57% vs 24%, p < 0.05). Caffeine consumption, alcohol consumption, dietary calcium intake, exercise, and smoking habits were not different in men with osteoporosis or those who were hypogonadal compared to controls. We conclude that men with low bone mass and hypogonadism were more likely to start using bisphosphonates, calcium supplements, and vitamin D supplements after having a bone density test. However, they were not more likely to make significant health-related lifestyle changes after obtaining the results of their bone mass.     

A Clinical Prediction Rule to Identify Premenopausal Women with Low Bone Mass

Identifying premenopausal women at risk for osteoporosis and related fractures is a potentially important way to reduce the burden of illness from this disease as low peak bone mass is a risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis. We examined predictors of ‘low’ peak bone mass in 668 healthy, pre-menopausal, Caucasian women ages 18–35 years. Predictors of bone mass were assessed using a detailed, standardized interview. Bone mass was assessed using two measures: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the femoral neck and lumbar spine, and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the heel, which evaluates stiffness, speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA). Bone mass was considered ‘low’ if the corresponding Z-score was <–1.00 (DXA values, stiffness) or if values were in the lowest quintile (BUA, SOS). Using multivariate logistic regression modeling, predictors of low bone mass based on QUS, DXA or both were determined. The mean age of the cohort was 27.3 years. Independent predictors of low bone mass by both DXA and QUS were: low body weight, menarche at age 15 years or later and physical inactivity as an adolescent. Individuals with all three risk factors had a 92% chance of having low bone mass using both techniques. This suggests that a simple risk factor assessment can identify most young women with low peak bone mass. Early intervention in this group of women may reduce the risk for osteoporosis in later life. Received: 2 June 2000 / Accepted: 20 November 2001     

Use of pharmacologic agents for the primary prevention of osteoporosis among older women with low bone mass

Summary

We examined the use of pharmacologic agents for the primary prevention of osteoporosis among older women with osteopenia. We found that these individuals were not managed in concordance with the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) guidelines and that self-perceived osteoporosis risk and lower bone density were strongly associated with receipt of treatment.

Introduction

Although osteoporosis medications are used for the primary prevention of osteoporosis among persons with low bone mass (osteopenia), their use may be discordant with clinical practice guidelines.

Methods

We studied women 55 years and older participating in the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW). Eligible participants had a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) test performed at the University of Alabama at Birmingham hospital and had an osteopenia diagnosis based on their DXA test results. Participants' demographics, fracture risk factors, and exposure to osteoporosis medications were determined from the GLOW survey. We examined the proportions of women managed in concordance with the National Osteoporosis Foundation 2008 guidelines, and we assessed factors independently associated with osteoporosis treatment decisions. Women with a prior spine or hip fracture were excluded.

Results

Among 597 eligible women from GLOW, the mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 70?±?7 years. Among all subjects, 309 (52 %) were treated in concordance with the NOF 2008 guidelines. Greater self-perceived osteoporosis risk and lower bone mineral density were significantly and consistently associated with receipt of osteoporosis treatment, both for those considered appropriate and for those considered inappropriate for treatment based on the NOF guidelines.

Conclusions

We found significant discordance between NOF 2008 guidelines and pharmacologic management of women with osteopenia. A person's self-perceived osteoporosis risk and bone mineral density were most strongly associated with receipt of osteoporosis medication use among women with low bone mass.     

Risk of hip fracture according to the World Health Organization criteria for osteopenia and osteoporosis

The risk of hip fracture is commonly expressed as a relative risk. The aim of this study was to examine the utility of relative risks of hip fracture in men and women using World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria for low bone mass and osteoporosis. Reference data for bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck, from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), were applied to the population of Sweden. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated from the known relationship between BMD at the femoral neck and hip fracture risk. The apparent prevalence of low bone mass and osteoporosis depended on the segment of the young population chosen for reference ranges. Using a reference derived from women aged 20-29 years, the prevalence of osteoporosis was 21.2% in women between the ages of 50 and 84 years and 6.3% in men. The RRs associated with osteoporosis depended markedly on the risk comparison. For example, in men or women aged 50 years, the RR of hip fracture in those with osteoporosis compared to those without osteoporosis was 7.4 and 6.1, respectively. The RR of those at the threshold value for osteoporosis compared to those with an average value for BMD at that age was 6.6 and 4.6 in men and women, respectively. RRs were lower comparing those at the threshold value compared to the risk of the general population at that age (4.2 and 2.9, respectively). When RR was expressed in relation to the population risk rather than to the risk at the average value for BMD, RR decreased at all ages by 37%. Such adjustments are required for risk assessment in individuals and for the combined use of different risk factors. Because the average T score at each age decreased with age, the RR of hip fracture at any age decreased with advancing age in the presence of osteoporosis. The decrease in relative risk with age is, however, associated with an increase in absolute risk. Thus, for clinical use, the expression of absolute risks may be preferred to relative risks.     

Bone mineral density testing and osteoporosis education improve lifestyle behaviors in premenopausal women: a prospective study.

One way to decrease the risk of osteoporosis is to maximize peak bone mass. Peak bone mass may be moderately influenced by lifestyle behaviors: increasing calcium and exercise, decreasing alcohol intake and smoking may increase peak bone mass. We examined the effects of osteoporosis education and bone mineral density (BMD) testing on self-reported lifestyle behaviors in 669 premenopausal women enrolled in a prospective study to assess determinants of peak bone mass. Study participants completed a questionnaire that assessed lifestyle behaviors, received pamphlets about osteoporosis, and had BMD testing. One year later, the women completed a similar questionnaire. After education about osteoporosis and BMD testing, women reported that they were less likely to smoke (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.28-1.0), consume alcohol (OR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.04-0.34), and caffeinated beverages (OR = 0. 43; 95% CI: 0.27-0.68). Women were more likely to use calcium supplements (OR = 4.3; 95% CI: 3.04-6.2), vitamin D supplements (OR = 12.6; 95% CI: 7.4-22.9), and drink at least one glass of milk a day (OR = 13.3; 95% CI: 7.8-23.9). Further, women with low bone mass were more likely to use calcium supplements (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2-2.3) and vitamin D supplements (OR = 1.6; 95% CI:1.1-2.2) compared with women who had normal bone mass. Thus, our intervention improved self-reported lifestyle behaviors in premenopausal women. Such behaviors may ultimately increase peak bone mass and decrease the risk of developing osteoporosis.     

FRAX评估江苏镇江地区中老年人群骨折风险的回顾性研究

目的评估FRAX■工具对江苏镇江地区中老年人骨质疏松性骨折的预测价值。方法对1070例江苏镇江地区中老年人群进行分组性研究,应用FRAX■工具计算未来10年主要骨质疏松性骨折(probability of major osteoporosis fracture,PMOF)和髋部骨折的概率(probability of hip fracture,PHF),分析年龄、体质量指数、有无骨质疏松性骨折史以及不同骨量对FRAX预测结果的影响。结果随着年龄的增长10年内PMOF和PHF同步增加;随着体重指数的增加,10年内PMOF和PHF同步下降;有骨质疏松性骨折史的人群10年内PMOF和PHF明显增加;随着骨量下降,10年内PMOF和PHF逐渐增加;不同骨量受人群在不同骨质疏松骨折风险组中的分布不同。在骨质疏松性骨折高风险人群中,骨质疏松者占78.1%,低骨量者占20.7%,正常骨量者占1.3%。结论FRAX■工具可用于江苏镇江地区中老年人群骨质疏松骨折风险的评估。FRAX■工具可能低估了低骨量人群的骨质疏松性骨折的风险,该工具对中老年低骨量人群的预测价值值得进一步研究。     

初产年龄与绝经后中国妇女患骨质疏松风险相关性研究

目的探讨初产年龄与绝经后中国妇女患骨质疏松风险相关性。方法采用2015年至2018年我院骨密度测试数据,包括253名绝经后妇女。骨质疏松症的诊断是使用世界卫生组织的T评分标准(股骨颈或腰椎T评分<-2.5)。根据第一次分娩的年龄将参与者分为3组:<23岁,24~29岁和>30岁。结果年龄越大、体质指数越低、钙摄入量越低、月经初潮越晚、绝经越早,患骨质疏松症的风险增加,而激素治疗和口服避孕药的使用与骨质疏松症风险降低有关。第一次分娩发生在24~29岁的绝经后妇女与30岁之后首次分娩的妇女相比骨质疏松症风险显著增加(优势比2.124;95%置信区间,1.096~4.113;P=0.026)。结论绝经后妇女的第一次分娩发生在24至29岁期间患骨质疏松症的风险显著增加。     

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a disorder of decreased bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration, and fragility fractures. Osteoporosis is widespread and can affect people of all ethnic backgrounds and many older women and men. An essential element in preventing osteoporosis is the achievement of normal peak bone mass. Adequate nutrition, appropriate calcium and vitamin D intake, regular menstrual cycles and a well balanced exercise program of exercise are essential elements in achieving peak bone mass. At menopause women undergo accelerated bone loss. Thereafter, women and men gradually lose bone mass. A loss of one standard deviation give rise to an enhanced twofold risk of spine fractures or a 2.5 risk of hip fracture. Bone mass is determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography scan, and a peripheral ultrasound. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry has outstanding precision (within 1% to 2%), and has the ability to show the efficacy of drug intervention. Peripheral measurements may identify osteoporosis but only have a 70% correlation with hip and spine bone mass. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry determines bone mass in a patient but the bone collagen breakdown products (N-telopeptide crosslinks) establish the current rate of bone loss. Major risk factors leading to fragility fracture include low body weight, history of fracture, family history of osteoporosis, and smoking. All individuals should ingest adequate calcium and vitamin D, exercise, and prevent falls. Women with low bone mass, high urinary bone collagen breakdown products, and/or major risk factors should consider hormone replacement therapy or a selective estrogen receptor modulator (Evista), calcitonin and bisphosphonates (alendronate). These agents successfully increase bone mass and limit fracture risk. Men at risk for fragility fractures respond similarly as women to alendronate and calcitonin. Although vertebral compression fractures can occur spontaneously, hip fractures are attributable to low bone mass coupled with a fall. Hence, fall prevention programs in addition to medical treatment are critical in the prevention of fragility fractures.     

天津地区住院2型糖尿病女性患者骨量异常患病率分析

目的 分析天津2型糖尿病女性患者骨密度情况以及骨量减少、骨质疏松患病率情况,为骨质疏松的防治提供依据。方法 选取2012年6月至2020年1月在天津医科大学代谢病医院住院的2型糖尿病女性患者13 956名,排除继发性骨质疏松以及其他影响骨代谢的疾病。应用美国GE公司的LUNAR双能X线骨密度仪测定患者L₁～L₄、股骨颈、全髋部位的骨密度,分析其BMD以及骨量异常的患病率。应用SPSS 24.0进行统计学分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 天津地区女性2型糖尿病患者峰值骨量出现在30～39岁;随年龄增长,骨量异常患病率逐渐增加,50岁以上骨量异常患病率显著增加,其中女性腰椎L₁～L₄、股骨颈、全髋各部位的BMD在52～53、55～56岁有两个明显下降的阶段。绝经后女性髋部、股骨颈单部位骨量异常患病率高于腰椎。结论 2型糖尿病绝经后女性患者骨量异常患病率显著增高,尤其要重视髋部、股骨颈部位骨密度的检查。     

Rational use of oral bisphosphonates for the treatment of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis has become a major public health concern worldwide. Significant morbidity, mortality, and health expenditures are associated with osteoporotic fractures. Evidence from randomized controlled trials and metaanalyses supports the efficacy and safety of oral bisphosphonates as first-line pharmacologic agents for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. This article reviews the evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of etidronate, alendronate, and risedronate on improving bone mass and preventing fractures in individuals with or risk for osteoporosis. Issues surrounding dosing intervals and optimal duration of therapy are also discussed. We conclude that the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates alendronate and risedronate are safe and efficacious agents in preventing and treating osteoporosis. They are superior to cyclical etidronate in improving appendicular bone mass, and in reducing future risk for nonvertebral fractures. Once-weekly dosing options with alendronate and risedronate are effective and reduce serious adverse drug effects, and therefore, are welcome additions to our therapeutic armamentarium.     

Low body mass index is an important risk factor for low bone mass and increased bone loss in early postmenopausal women. Early Postmenopausal Intervention Cohort (EPIC) study group.

Thinness (low percentage of body fat, low body mass index [BMI], or low body weight) was evaluated as a risk factor for low bone mineral density (BMD) or increased bone loss in a randomized trial of alendronate for prevention of osteoporosis in recently postmenopausal women with normal bone mass (n = 1609). The 2-year data from the placebo group were used (n = 417). Percentage of body fat, BMI, and body weight were correlated with baseline BMD (r = -0. 13 to -0.43, p < 0.01) and 2-year bone loss (r = -0.14 to -0.19, p < 0.01). Women in the lowest tertiles of percentage of body fat or BMI had up to 12% lower BMD at baseline and a more than 2-fold higher 2-year bone loss as compared with women in the highest tertiles (p 相似文献   

绝经后骨质疏松症相关危险因素与OSTA指数效能分析

目的 了解绝经女性人群骨质疏松症相关危险因素以及OSTA 指数筛选骨质疏松的应用价值。方法 选取2020年11月至2021年2月在江苏大学附属医院就诊的91例绝经后女性患者。收集患者的人口统计学信息、骨代谢生化指标以及骨密度数据，通过方差分析、二元Logistic回归以及ROC曲线进行统计分析。结果 单因素方差分析结果显示，与非骨质疏松组相比，骨质疏松组的绝经后时长和I型胶原羧基端肽明显增加，体质量指数明显降低（P＜0.05）；多因素二元Logistic结果显示，绝经时长与体重指数是绝经后骨质疏松症发病的相关因素，OR值分别为1.609和1.002（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线结果显示，单独OSTA指数筛选绝经后骨质疏松症差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），OSTA指数联合绝经时长、BMI筛选绝经后骨质疏松症的准确强度明显增加（曲线下面积AUC为0.668，P＜0.05）。结论 绝经后时长与体质量指数可能是绝经后骨质疏松症发病的相关因素，OSTA指数联合绝经时长与体质量指数筛选绝经后骨质疏松症比单独OSTA指数临床应用价值更好。     

原发性骨质疏松与TGF-β1、CaM、骨代谢指标的相关性分析

目的探讨原发性骨质疏松与TGF-β1、CaM、骨代谢指标水平的相关性。方法回顾性分析自2017-07—2019-03诊治的134例骨质疏松症(骨质疏松组)与119例健康体检者(骨量正常组)资料,采用ELISA法检测血清中TGF-β1、CaM及骨代谢指标25-羟基维生素D(25-OH-VD)、总Ⅰ型胶原氨基酸延长肽(t-PINP)、β-胶原特殊序列(β-CTX)、N-端骨钙素(N-MID)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b(TRACP-5b)水平,分析原发性骨质疏松与TGF-β1、CaM、骨代谢指标水平的相关性。结果骨质疏松组TGF-β1、β-CTX、TRACP-5b水平高于骨量正常组,CaM、25-OH-VD、t-PINP、N-MID水平显著低于骨量正常组(P<0.05)。骨质疏松组血清中TGF-β1与β-CTX、TRACP-5b呈正相关,与CaM、25-OH-VD、tPINP、N-MID水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。CaM与25-OH-VD、t-PINP、N-MID呈正相关,与β-CTX、TRACP-5b水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示TGF-β1、β-CTX是影响原发性骨质疏松发生的危险因素,CaM、25-OHVD是影响原发性骨质疏松发生的保护因素。结论TGF-β1、β-CTX是影响原发性骨质疏松发生的危险因素,CaM、25-OH-VD是影响原发性骨质疏松发生的保护因素。临床上可通过检测TGF-β1、CaM及骨代谢各指标水平做出评估和诊断,尽早进行干预,防止原发性骨质疏松的发生。     

Clinical factors as predictors of the risk of falls and subsequent bone fractures due to osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

In Japan, the “bedridden state” is one of the most serious problems the aged face, and it is becoming a social problem. The main causes of the bedridden state are cerebrovascular disorders and bone fractures following falls. The purpose of this study was to predict risk factors for falls and resultant bone fracture due to osteoporosis. We explored mobility parameters for possible fall prevention. In order to examine the correlation between the risk of falling and resultant bone fracture due to osteoporosis, logistic regression analysis was performed between bone mass (independent variable) and various factors dependent variables: body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage, atherogenic index, presence of transformation-related osteoarthritis of knee, presence of transformation-related osteoarthritis of spine, maximum step length, single-leg stance with open eyes, and hip-joint flexion motion angle); predictive factors were then examined. Predictive factors were determined by the stepwise method. Subjects who could not perform the “single-leg stance with open eyes” test had a risk of falling and bone fracture 2.49 times as large as that of subjects who could. The “single-leg stance with open eyes” test may be considered a useful method for the early detection of the risk of falling and bone fracture associated with osteoporosis. As a first step to identify factors predicting the occurrence of falls and bone fractures due to osteoporosis, we intended to discover an indicator that would help to detect incipient osteoporosis.