驻西北某地坦克乘员腰椎间盘突出症的现患调查

目的：调查西北地区某部坦克乘员腰痛和腰椎间盘突出症的发病情况，探讨预防和治疗措施。方法：通过问卷对384名坦克乘员进行调查。结果：腰椎间盘突出症总发病率31.8％，明显腰痛者中本病检出率59．1％。驾驶员最高，为37．5％，车长最低，为21．9％。绝大多数保守治疗有效。结论：西北地区坦克乘员腰椎间盘突出症发生率高，应重视防护和治疗研究。     

坦克乘员552名腰痛状况分析

目的　对坦克乘员腰痛的状况进行调查 ,并探讨其预防措施。方法　通过问卷对 5 5 2名坦克专业干部、战士进行调查。结果　坦克乘员腰痛发病率达 73 7% ,明显腰痛者达 48 4%。从事专业时间越长 ,发病率越高 ,程度越重。结论　坦克乘员腰痛发病率高。与工作姿势、工作负荷、振动、工作环境、人车比例及技术熟练程度等因素有关     

高原汽车部队驾驶员腰椎的保护和腰痛的防治

目的 结合高原汽车部队的实际情况,采用一些简单易行的方法防治高原汽车驾驶员的腰痛,并观察其长期疗效. 方法对观察组372名男性青年驾驶员采用佩带腰带和腰背部相互按摩作为防治腰痛的措施,对照组545名男性青年驾驶员无任何防护措施,正常驾驶状态下观察16个月后,采用流行病学调查方法了解腰痛发生情况. 结果观察组腰痛患病率为30.9%,明显低于对照组的72.8%(P＜0.01);坚持佩带腰带并经常按摩的人群中腰痛患病率明显低于未坚持佩带并经常按摩者(P＜0.05).结论 驾驶员高发腰痛是多种原因综合作用的结果,而佩带腰带并进行相互间按摩是防治高原汽车驾驶员腰痛的有效方法.     

驻藏部队汽车驾驶员腰椎病的X线检查情况报告

目的：通过对驻藏某部汽车驾驶负腰椎X线检查，了解腰椎病发生情况及原因。方法：对驻藏某部105名汽车驾驶员进行体检，以X线、CT检查为主。结果：患腰椎病40例，占被调查38．1％，与驾驶员驾龄和日均行车时间呈正相关。结论：驻藏部队汽车驾驶员，腰椎病患病率较高，应采取防治措施。     

坦克舱室环境对乘员生理负荷影响的调查

目的：探讨坦克火炮射击时舱室噪声与有害气体对乘员生理负荷的影响。方法：测定坦克行进时舱室连续噪声和火炮射击时脉冲噪声,同步监测乘员听力变化;测定坦克火炮射击时舱室有害气体浓度,同步动态监测乘员生理负荷变化。结果：坦克行进时舱室的连续噪声为107～112dB(A),能量主要集中于300Hz左右;坦克火炮射击时的脉冲噪声为167～172dB(P),B-持续时间多为300～400ms,作业3h后乘员有轻度听力域移。舱室有害气体浓度随发射炮弹数目的增加而升高。伴随坦克火炮射击,乘员生理负荷指标产生了明显变化。结论：坦克火炮射击时舱室噪声与有害气体对乘员作业能力和身心健康有显著影响。     

坦克乘员腰痛的评定与分析

目的　分析腰前屈活动范围 ,腰肌肌力与腰痛问卷得分的相关性 ,探讨影响坦克乘员腰痛患者生活质量的主要原因。方法　对 2 6 7例腰痛坦克乘员进行髋关节和腰部活动范围测量 ,表面肌电图 (SEMG)检查和改良Oswestry腰痛问卷评分 ,将结果进行相关性和回归分析。结果　腰痛问卷得分与腰肌SEMG、腰屈曲范围和双直腿抬高角度之差显著性相关 ,腰痛问卷得分的 6 7.0 %可以用腰屈曲范围和腰肌SEMG来预测。结论　腰肌SEMG测定方法简单 ,可以作为评定腰痛坦克乘员腰肌肌力的方法 ,增加腰活动性和腰伸肌肌力可以改善患者的生活质量。     

腰息痛胶囊治疗坦克乘员腰痛疗效观察

目的　评价腰息痛胶囊治疗坦克乘员腰痛的疗效。方法　 14 6例坦克乘员腰痛患者随机分成两组 ,分别给以腰息痛胶囊 6粒 /d和布洛芬 60 0mg/d ,分 3次饭后服用并结合主动功能锻炼。以Osw评分和腰椎活动度作为观察指标 ,记录治疗后 2周和 4周的治疗效果。 结果　治疗 2周后腰息痛胶囊组显效率 3 5 .7%,布洛芬组显效率 3 5 .5 %,差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,治疗 4周后腰息痛胶囊组显效率 78.6%,布洛芬组显效率 3 9.5 %,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1〉。结论　腰息痛胶囊对坦克乘员腰痛有较好疗效     

汽车驾驶员为何易患胃炎?

编辑同志：我们汽车连有多名战友患有不同程度的胃炎。听老驾驶员讲，胃炎是汽车驾驶员的“职业病”。请问，汽车驾驶员真的易患胃炎吗？５３８６０部队刘志军刘志军同志：慢性胃炎确是驾驶员的常见病多发病。据资料载，非驾驶人员胃炎的患病率为３６．５％，而驾驶员的患...     

机械化部队寒区长途奔袭晕车反应的药物预防

我们为研究晕车反应的药物预防效果，减少坦克、自行火炮、装甲运兵车驾驶员、乘员的晕车反应，提高部队战斗力，在“96．2”寒区多兵种机械化合成战役演习过程中进行了药物预防晕车反应的对比观察。！对象和方法1．且对象现役战士、专业军土，均为男性；年龄19～29岁，身体健康。驾驶员60人，乘员300人，共计360人。1．2方法在-11℃，历时4h，90km奔袭条件下进行观察。（1）驾驶员60入，分为二组。对照组30人，不．服任何药物；甲氧氯普胺（灭吐灵）组30人，均于上车前30min服15mg；（2）乘员300人，分为三组。对照组不服任何药物；甲氧氯…     

浅谈坦克乘员训练中的卫生防护工作

我队针对坦克兵在训练中卫生防护工作的特点，合理安排卫勤人员，积极做好预防工作，使训练中发病率降到最低限度，较好地保障训练工作的顺利进行。下面就如何做好坦克乘员训练中的卫生防护工作谈几点看法。一．坦克乘员的训练环境对其健康的影响1．野外条件差、易发生疾病我部坦克乘员训练多在山区进行，气候变化快，昼夜温差大，驻训时间长，居住分散，驻地疫情复杂，水源不符合卫生要求，易发病。2．车内小环境对坦克乘员的影响坦克乘员局限在狭窄的空间完成各项复杂而紧张的战斗任务，为了保持身体平衡和完成战斗行动，在车内易发生外伤…     

高寒地区炮兵高原驻训腰腿痛状况调查

目的了解高寒地区炮兵高原驻训腰腿痛发生状况。方法通过随高寒地区某炮兵部队开进高原驻训和发放腰腿痛问卷调查方式,对332名高寒地区炮兵高原驻训前、后腰腿痛情况进行调查。结果高寒地区炮兵驻训腰腿痛发生率57.58%,明显高于在平原驻训时腰腿痛的发生率43.94%(P<0.01),非炮手高原驻训人员腰腿痛发生率59.40%,也明显高于平原驻训时腰腿痛的发生率,其中汽车、牵引车驾驶员的发生率相对较高。腰腿痛性质以酸痛和刺痛为主,高原驻训后有所增加。结论高寒地区炮兵高原驻训高发腰腿痛与特殊的地理环境和气候变化、特殊工作方式、高原缺氧反应及长途运输疲劳等因素有关。     

海训青年战士下腰痛的流行病学调查研究

目的对海训青年战士下腰痛的流行病学进行调查。方法通过发放腰痛调查表和实地考察的方式,对2002年6月—2005年9月参加海训的3 200名现役士兵进行腰痛发病状况调查。结果海训条件下战士下腰痛的患病率为55.90%,明显腰痛的患病率为31.80%;长期海水浸泡可诱发战士下腰痛(检出率为73.02%)。结论通过调查发现海训青年战士下腰痛与特殊训练环境、心理、组织管理和个体等因素有关。     

腰椎间盘MRI高信号区在诊断椎间盘源性下腰痛中的意义

目的:研究椎间盘源性下腰痛患者腰椎间盘纤维环后方MRI高信号区(HIZ)的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2003年～2005年行MRI检查的下腰痛患者123例,合并有腰椎间盘突出、椎间盘炎、腰椎结核、滑脱、椎管狭窄等能引起下腰痛疾病的患者排除在本研究之外。对照组60例无典型的下腰部慢性疼痛,或有下腰部疼痛症状但临床检查已明确诊断为其它疾病。卡方检验比较两组HIZ出现率差异是否有显著性意义。结果:实验组出现HIZ患者67例(54%),明显多于对照组(9例,15%),P<0.001。结论:MRI显示的HIZ是椎间盘源性下腰痛的重要征象。     

Influence of saddle type upon the incidence of lower back pain in equestrian riders.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible influences of saddle type on the incidence of "lower back pain" in a cross section of equestrian riders. METHODS: 108 equestrian riders completed a questionnaire concerning their riding habits and whether they suffered from lower back pain. In particular they were asked whether they used a traditional style/general purpose saddle (GP) or a deep seated/Western style saddle (W). RESULTS: 48% of the riders reported suffering from lower back pain, the incidence being higher in the GP saddle users (66%) than in W saddle users (23%) (P < 0.001). Female riders had a higher incidence of lower back pain than males, 58% v 27% (P < 0.005). When the genders were analysed separately for the effect of saddle type, males using the GP and W saddles had a 33% and 6% incidence of lower back pain respectively, while females using the GP and W saddles had a 72% and 33% incidence. The highest incidence of lower back pain occurred in the GP saddle users who had been riding for more than 15 years (P < 0.07). The data also indicated a possible tendency for there to be more low back pain among riders using a short stirrup length. No other factors were found to affect the incidence of lower back pain. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in the incidence of lower back pain between the users of the two saddle types may be due to the additional comfort, cushioning, postural positioning, and stability offered by the design of the deep seated saddle. The results suggest that, while a deep seated saddle is not suited to all equestrian activities, where possible its use should be considered because of its effect in reducing the risk of lower back pain.     

Low back pain in competitive rhythmic gymnasts

AIM: It has been reported that rhythmic gymnasts are at risk of suffering from low back injuries, because of repetitive lumbar hyperextensions. On the other hand, this sport requires features of leanness, muscular strength and flexibility that should represent protective factors for back pain. METHODS: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of low back pain in 67 club-level competitive rhythmic gymnasts aged 13-19 years. A standardized questionnaire was used to evaluate back-pain symptoms. Anthropometric measurements, time spent in physical activity, psychological testing results, smoking habits and age of menarche were recorded. One hundred and four age-matched general females served as control group. RESULTS: Low back pain complaints were reported by 7 rhythmic gymnasts and by 27 controls (10.4% vs 26.0%, p<0.05); the prevalent location of back pain was bilateral in gymnasts and central in controls. Gymnasts had lower body weight, body mass index, fat body mass and delayed menarche. The females with low-back pain displayed higher body weight, body mass index, fat body mass, age, a greater smoking habit and more anxious/depressive behaviour, both in the gymnast and in the control group. CONCLUSION: Competitive, club-level rhythmic gymnasts show a reduced prevalence of low back-pain. Being younger in age, having greater leanness, not smoking, displaying less anxious/depressive behaviour, and developing increased muscle strength and flexibility, all can represent preventive factors for low back pain. This study suggests that rhythmic gymnastics is not a discipline at increased risk of low back pain.     

Relationship between radiographic abnormalities of lumbar spine and incidence of low back pain in high school and college football players: a prospective study

BACKGROUND: Low back pain is a common presenting symptom among players of American football. In Japan, however, skeletal disorders in football players, including low back problems, have been rarely studied, and management to prevent skeletal disorders has not been established. STUDY DESIGN: An epidemiological study with prospective observation. METHODS: The authors analyzed the relationship between lumbar spine abnormalities viewed through radiographs taken during the preparticipation physical examination, and the incidence of low back pain during a 1-year period in 171 high school and 742 college football players. Abnormalities assessed were spondylolysis, disc space narrowing, spinal instability, Schmorl's node, balloon disc, and spina bifida occulta. RESULTS: High school players with spondylolysis had a higher incidence of low back pain (79.8%) than those with no abnormal radiographic results (37.1%). College players with spondylolysis, disc space narrowing, and spinal instability had a higher incidence of low back pain (80.5%, 59.8%, and 53.5%, respectively) than those with no abnormal radiographs (32.1%), and college players with spondylolysis had a higher incidence of low back pain than those with disc space narrowing and spinal instability. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that an abnormality such as spondylolysis is the most significant risk factor for low back pain in high school and college football players, and that disc space narrowing and spinal instability are also significant risk factors for low back pain in athletes with greater athletic activity such as college football players.     

A history of low back injury is a risk factor for recurrent back injuries in varsity athletes.

In this prospective study, we investigated whether a history of previous low back injury and dissatisfaction with a coach and teammates could predict future low back injury in varsity athletes during a 1-year follow-up period. Of 679 Yale varsity athletes surveyed in 1999, 18.3% (124) reported that they had sustained a low back injury within the past 5 years, and 6.8% (46) sustained a low back injury in the follow-up season. There were no differences in incidence rates between men and women or between athletes involved in contact or noncontact sports. A history of low back injury was the significant predictor for sustaining low back injury in the following year, and athletes who reported previous low back injury were at three times greater risk. Athletes who still had pain at the time of the survey were six times more likely to sustain a low back injury than were athletes without a history of low back injury. These results suggest that some risk factors associated with a history of low back injury predispose athletes to sustain recurrent injury. They may be congenital or a result of insufficient recovery time after the first low back injury episode.