UML视图的一种形式化模型及其分析

UML是一种得到广泛应用的系统建模语言，但是由于它缺乏形式化语义和严格的推理机制，从而影响了系统建模的准确性和开发效率。TCOZ是一种将Object—Z和TCSP相结合的形式化语言，具有丰富的建模能力。基于TCOZ，本文建立了UML视图的一种形式化模型，对类图和协作图等提出了转换规则，使得TCOZ中的推理可用于分析UML视图。通过某学校信息系统的实例，阐述了UML视图的形式化建模方法和分析技术。     

基于标准建模语言的医院管理信息系统

简要介绍标准建模语言,在此基础上以医院管理信息系统为例,详细描述其建模过程及系统功能与实现,以期为县乡医院实现信息化管理搭建良好的平台环境.     

UML建模方法及其在 HIS开发中的应用

目前,医院信息化建设已成趋势,现有的管理系统不能满足应用要求,医院信息管理系统设计成为迫待解决的问题。文章首先使用UML建模工具对系统进行了分析,介绍了UML的静态和动态建模机制,给出了UML分析过程主要模型及相互关系图。并就其中一个重要组成部分-门诊子系统进行了详尽的设计和实现。在此过程中,进行了问题领域的分析,确定了医院管理系统功能模块图,采用了用例建模、顺序图建模的方法,来完成系统各模块层的实现,同时对用户界面层的功能进行了介绍,最后对系统的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

Design and Implementation of a Telecare Information Platform

For the aging population and for people with dominant chronic diseases, countries all over the world are promoting an "Aging in Place" program with its primary focus on the implementation of telecare. In 2009, Taiwan held a "Health Care Value-Added Platinum Program" with the goal of promoting the development of "Telecare" services by integrating medical treatment, healthcare, information communication, medical equipment and materials and by linking related cross-discipline professions to enable people to familiarize themselves with preventive healthcare services offered in their household and community environments. In addition, this program can be utilized to effectively provide diversified healthcare service benefitting society as a whole. This study aims to promote a diversified telecare service network in Taiwan's household and community environments, establish telecare information platforms, build an internal network of various healthcare service modes, standardize externally interfacing telecare information networks, effectively utilize related healthcare service resources, and complete reasonable service resource links forming an up-to-date health information exchange network. To this end, the telecare information platform based on service oriented architecture (SOA) is designed to promote an open telecare information interface and sharing environment to assist in such tasks as developing healthcare information exchange services, integrating service resources among various different healthcare service modes, accessing externally complex community affairs information, supporting remote physiological information transmissions, and providing diversified remote innovative services. Information system architecture and system monitoring indices of various types of healthcare service modes are used for system integrations for future development and/or expansions.     

基于等级保护的跨区域医疗信息安全保障体系研究

跨区域医疗信息系统是关系国计民生和社会发展的关键基础设施,根据国家信息安全等级保护制度和相关文件的要求,结合跨区域医疗信息系统的分类和特点,提出了跨区域医疗信息系统的定级建议。落实信息安全等级保护制度,建立完善的信息安全保障体系将有效地控制跨区域医疗信息系统存在的信息安全风险。     

面向中小型医院的移动医疗信息系统构建

阐述制约移动医疗信息系统在中小型医院发展的因素,总结在中小型医院建设移动医疗信息系统的策略,分析安卓系统作为医疗信息系统开发平台的优点,在此基础上设计一个适合中小型医院的移动医疗信息系统的模型,详细介绍系统设计原则、结构、为客户端提供服务的方式等方面。     

国家卫生指标体系:概念框架与基本属性

目的:建立一套既适合我国国情,又能与国际接轨的卫生统计指标体系的概念框架。方法:通过现场调研和访问相关网站,进行国内外相关文献的收集与检索;分别在国家和省级两个层面,通过组建专家组、召开研讨会和函询的方式完成指标筛选;用UML作为建模语言,描述框架的基本属性。结果:概念框架由健康状况、卫生系统和环境与行为影响因素3个维度组成,其中健康状况维度包括人口特征、发病与患病、失能与残障、营养与发育、死亡5个类;卫生系统维度包括疾病预防与控制、医疗服务、妇幼保健、卫生监测、卫生资源5个类;环境与行为影响因素维度包括地理与环境因素、社会经济因素、医疗保障、危险因素5个类。在670个指标组成的基础卫生统计指标体系最终遴选了其中211个指标作为各个类的基本属性,构成卫生统计指标集。指标集的每一个指标均反映了健康状况及其影响因素的特定方面。用UML视图展示了国家卫生统计指标概念框架三个维度之间的关系,以及三个维度内部的指标分类及类间关系。结论:本研究所确定的211个统计指标对于开发基于网络直报的国家卫生信息系统具有重要的指导意义。经过进一步补充完善,可作为国家层面卫生统计信息的基本指标集,应用于反映人民健康状况、卫生系统工作绩效和卫生管理和卫生服务的辅助决策。     

Distributed Agent Based Interoperable Virtual EMR System for Healthcare System Integration

One of the major problems in health care system integration is the formidable cost of mediating between myriad vendors and policy makers for updating existing heterogeneous systems to support a great variety of standards or interfaces. To provide cost-effective healthcare system integration solution, this paper presents a Graphical User Interface state model (GUISM) for automatically exchanging information with existing healthcare software through their GUIs with no modifications needed to them. This can save the huge cost of upgrading, testing and redeploying the existing systems. By using the GUISM model, distributed agents are deployed to the client computers interacting with the local electronic medical system (EMR) for communicating with other EMR systems. The whole system is called virtual EMR system and each client in this system can request needed patient healthcare information without knowing the actual location of the data.     

社区健康档案的数据模型与参考指标研究

目的 构建社区健康档案数据模型,建立社区健康档案基本内容的参考指标及其元模型,为信息系统开发和信息交换提供依据.方法 依据国际和国家标准以及我国目前社区健康档案的研究成果,采用统一建模语言(UML),对社区健康档案的观察指标进行数据建模.结果 社区健康档案概念数据模型包含4个维度,20个子维度,包含参考指标84个,其中健康状况10个,非医学影响因素25个,卫生系统绩效22个,社区及卫生系统27个;观察指标的元模型包含定性观察、定量观察和描述3个基本数据类型.结论 社区健康档案概念数据模型可以作为各地设计社区健康档案内容的基本依据,逻辑数据模型和参考指标可指导居民健康档案信息系统的开发,观察指标的元模型可作为社区健康档案内容的元数据标准,用于不同健康档案系统之间的信息交换.     

A Scalable Healthcare Information System Based on a Service-oriented Architecture

Many existing healthcare information systems are composed of a number of heterogeneous systems and face the important issue of system scalability. This paper first describes the comprehensive healthcare information systems used in National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) and then presents a service-oriented architecture (SOA)-based healthcare information system (HIS) based on the service standard HL7. The proposed architecture focuses on system scalability, in terms of both hardware and software. Moreover, we describe how scalability is implemented in rightsizing, service groups, databases, and hardware scalability. Although SOA-based systems sometimes display poor performance, through a performance evaluation of our HIS based on SOA, the average response time for outpatient, inpatient, and emergency HL7Central systems are 0.035, 0.04, and 0.036 s, respectively. The outpatient, inpatient, and emergency WebUI average response times are 0.79, 1.25, and 0.82 s. The scalability of the rightsizing project and our evaluation results show that the SOA HIS we propose provides evidence that SOA can provide system scalability and sustainability in a highly demanding healthcare information system.     

基于预制条码模式的临床实验室信息系统设计与实现

临床实验室信息系统（Laboratory Information System, LIS）是医院管理信息系统中的一个重要组成部分。以天津市肿瘤医院临床实验室信息系统的开发与应用为背景,对系统建设进行需求分析制定详细的工作流程,采用UML建立系统用例模型,采用面向对象方法完成系统架构设计,使用Cach＆#233;作为数据库和开发工具,通过全条码的流程实现与医院HIS系统无缝对接,形成一套功能比较完善的临床实验室信息系统。通过LIS系统建设,最终实现样本管理条码化,设备通讯双向化,检验流程自动化,检验报告无纸化,审核收费并网化,门诊报告取单自助化,实验室管理信息化。     

UML到SDL在地铁售票机系统中的应用

介绍了从统一建模语言(UML)到规范描述语言(SDL)的一种转化设计方法，并以地铁售票机系统的设计为例，介绍了具体的转化过程。售票机系统的需求规范用UML描述，系统的设计规范用SDL语言表示。     

Specifying workflow process requirements for an emergency medical service

Recent trends in healthcare delivery have led to a gradual shift in the conceptualisation of healthcare information systems towards supporting healthcare processes in a more direct way. The move towards integrated and managed care, which requires designing healthcare processes around patient needs and incorporating efficiency considerations, has led to an increased interest in process-oriented healthcare information systems based on workflow technology. This means to actively deliver the tasks to be performed to the right persons at the right time with the necessary information and the application functions needed. Moreover, workflow technology promotes a component-oriented development whereby the process logic is separated from application logic. This paper presents an approach to capturing process logic requirements for healthcare workflow systems with a view to design a system that is easily adjustable to process changes and to evolving organizational structures at a reasonable cost.     

Improving the quality of cancer care in America through health information technology

A recent report from the Institute of Medicine titled Delivering High-Quality Cancer Care: Charting a New Course for a System in Crisis, identifies improvement in information technology (IT) as essential to improving the quality of cancer care in America. The report calls for implementation of a learning healthcare IT system: a system that supports patient–clinician interactions by providing patients and clinicians with the information and tools necessary to make well informed medical decisions and to support quality measurement and improvement. While some elements needed for a learning healthcare system are already in place for cancer, they are incompletely implemented, have functional deficiencies, and are not integrated in a way that creates a true learning healthcare system. To achieve the goal of a learning cancer care delivery system, clinicians, professional organizations, government, and the IT industry will have to partner, develop, and incentivize participation.     

基于UML技术的医院检验信息管理系统的设计

根据医院实际需求,采用对象建模语言（UML）开发了医院检验信息管理系统。本文详细介绍了该系统各模块的功能及其应用效果。该系统的应用提高了检验科设备的利用率,缩短了标本控制时间及故障响应时间,提高了医院检验设备的工作效率。     

基于面向服务架构的区域医疗信息服务平台研究

目的适应我国现阶段医疗改革需求,全面提高医疗信息共享能力。方法采用面向服务架构（service-o-riented architecture,SOA）及其平台无关的标准,探索区域医疗信息共享平台体系结构的设计。结果在充分保证医疗信息服务节点独立性的基础上,设计了一个轻量级的、开放的、可扩展的区域医疗信息服务平台体系结构。结论该体系结构针对当前医疗信息系统存在的问题而设计,有利于促进医疗信息共享。     

持续质量改进在医疗信息系统中的应用

将持续质量改进理论引入医疗信息系统,医疗信息系统的持续改进分为成立组织、确定问题、分析原因、确定预期目标、制定实施方案、实施、检查、处理等八个子过程,在每个子过程的实施中注重全员参与,实行全方位的管理。此外,还重视环节和过程的控制。本研究在西安市某医院进行了3年试验,信息系统的质量得到明显提高。     

Sharing Personal Health Information Via Service-Oriented Computing: A Case of Long-Term Care

Sharing personal health information among healthcare providers is a crucial business process not only for saving limited healthcare resources but also for increasing patient's healthcare quality. Building an effective personal health information sharing process from established healthcare systems is a challenge in terms of coordination different business operations among healthcare providers and restructuring technical details existed in different healthcare information systems. This study responds this challenge with a service-oriented approach and develops a business software application to describe how the challenge can be alleviated from both managerial and technical perspectives. The software application in this study depicts personal health information sharing process among different providers in a long-term care setting. The information sharing scenario is based on an industrial initiative, such as Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) from healthcare domain and the technologies for implementing the scenario are Web Service technologies from Service-oriented computing paradigm. The implementation in this study can inform healthcare researchers and practitioners applying technologies from service-oriented computing to design and develop healthcare collaborative systems to meet the increasing need for personal health information sharing.     

系统的系统--区域协同医疗信息系统

分析了医疗信息系统发展现状和趋势,给出了系统的系统定义及实例分析,基于系统的系统理论建立了区域协同医疗信息系统模型,并介绍了区域协同医疗信息系统规划的贝叶斯信念网络（Bayesian Belief Network）。为区域协同医疗信息系统研究提供了理论基础。     

智慧医疗应用探索

介绍智慧医疗的起源和概念,从便捷的医疗服务体系、人性化健康管理体系、专业化的业务应用体系、科学化的监督管理体系、高效化的信息支撑体系、规范化的信息标准体系、常态化的信息安全体系几方面探索智慧医疗的应用,在此基础上提出发展建议。