胃癌患者术前行新辅助化疗结合肠内营养支持的临床疗效观察

目的：观察胃癌患者术前行新辅助化疗结合肠内营养支持的临床疗效。方法选取84例进展期胃癌患者为研究对象。随机分为观察组42例和对照组42例。研究组给予术前新辅助化疗结合肠内营养支持治疗,对照组仅给予术前新辅助化疗治疗。观察2组患者营养指标和免疫指标的差异及并发症的发生情况。结果治疗后观察组患者体重、白细胞数、血红蛋白、总蛋白、前清蛋白、转铁蛋白明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;观察组患者CD4水平、CD8水平和CD4／CD8明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义,P＜0．05。观察组患者治疗后胃痛、食欲不振、恶心、进食哽咽、腹胀、黑便化疗相关并发症发生率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论胃癌患者术前行新辅助化疗结合肠内营养支持可以明显改善患者化疗后的营养状况和免疫水平,增强患者对手术的耐受力,有利于提高患者的生活质量。     

Evaluation of the Tumor Response After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients: Correlation Between Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pathologic Tumor Cellularity

Background

We evaluated the tumor response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging parameters assessed using a commercially available computer-aided system. We also analyzed their correlation with pathologic tumor cellularity.

Current Status and Future Perspectives on Neoadjuvant Therapy in Lung Cancer

This Review Article provides a multi-stakeholder view on the current status of neoadjuvant therapy in lung cancer. Given the success of oncogene-targeted therapy and immunotherapy for patients with advanced lung cancer, there is a renewed interest in studying these agents in earlier disease settings with the opportunity to have an even greater impact on patient outcomes. There are unique opportunities and challenges with the neoadjuvant approach to drug development. To achieve more rapid knowledge turns, study designs, endpoints, and definitions of pathologic response should be standardized and harmonized. Continued dialogue with all stakeholders will be critical to design and test novel induction strategies, which could expedite drug development for patients with early lung cancer who are at high risk for metastatic recurrence.     

Evaluation of Pathologic Response in Lymph Nodes of Patients With Lung Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

IntroductionMajor pathologic response (MPR), defined as residual viable tumor of less than or equal to 10%, currently serves as a surrogate end point for survival for patients with resectable NSCLC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, the significance of pathologic response in lymph nodes harboring metastatic tumors in such patients remains uncertain. Therefore, we studied the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on resected positive lymph nodes and determined if the degree of pathologic response in the lymph nodes alone (LN-MPR) or in combination with that of the primary tumor (PT-MPR) was able to predict the outcome.MethodsA total of 75 patients with NSCLC who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and completed surgical resection were included in this study. Tissue specimens were retrospectively evaluated by two pathologists blinded to the patients’ treatments and outcomes. Specimens were reviewed for the degree of pathologic response in the primary tumor and in any involved lymph nodes. The prognostic performance of LN-MPR alone or in combination with PT-MPR with respect to overall survival (OS) was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model.ResultsLN-MPR was significantly predictive of long-term OS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A combination of PT-MPR with LN-MPR was significantly associated with outcome and allowed stratification of patients into three prognostic groups (p = 0.001).ConclusionsLN-MPR in isolation is a reliable predictor of OS in patients with NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A combination of LN-MPR with PT-MPR seems to correlate well with the outcome and can be used to predict prognosis in this patient population.     

Influence of Biologic Subtype of Inflammatory Breast Cancer on Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy and Cancer Outcomes

Background

Few data exist on the influence of tumor biologic subtype on treatment response and outcomes for inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). We examined a contemporary cohort of IBC patients treated with current targeted systemic therapies, selected on the basis of tumor biologic subtype, to evaluate pathologic treatment response and cancer outcomes across biologic subtypes.

Predictors of Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Iranian Breast Cancer Patients

Background: Achievement of pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is associated with both overall survival and disease-free survival. The aim of present study was to identify clinical and pathological factors associated with achieving pCR in Iranian breast cancer patients receiving NAC. Methods: A retrospective review of all breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy between April 2012 and September 2016 at our institution was performed; 207 cases were evaluable for analysis. pCR was defined as having no residual invasive tumor in the breast surgical specimen removed following neoadjuvant therapy. Results: In univariate analysis, factors associated with pCR were age less than 35 years (p = 0.03), absence of Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p = 0.002) and negative hormone receptor status (p = 0.003). Hormone receptor status (P = 0.01; OR, 2.45; CI, 1.20 - 4.99) and LVI (P = 0.001; OR, 0.22; CI, 0.10 - 0.46) remained predictive variables in multivariate analysis after correction for the other variables. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of this study suggests that presence of Lymphovascular invasion and positive hormone receptor status are associated with poorer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.     

Issues in the assessment of the pathologic effect of primary systemic therapy for breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that induction of pathologic complete response (pCR) after primary systemic therapy (PST) is, at least to some extent, predictive of survival. However, standards for processing surgical specimens and for histopathologic evaluation of the pathologic response to therapy appear to be lacking. METHODS: To perform a systematic review of representative articles on this topic, a computerized (MEDLINE) search was undertaken followed by a manual search based on the reference lists of the publications identified. RESULTS: Several classification systems have been used to assess pathologic response to PST, the term pCR has not been applied in a consistent standardized manner, and only limited information is available about the reliability and validity of these classification systems. However, definitions of pCR can be summarized as follows: near pCR, only focal invasive tumor residues in the removed breast; quasi pCR, total or near total disappearance of invasive tumor in the removed breast; pCRinv, only in situ tumor residual in the removed breast; comprehensive pCR, no evidence of residual invasive tumor in the removed breast; strict pCR, disappearance of all tumor cells in the removed breast; comprehensive pCR (br+n), no evidence of residual invasive tumor in the breast and axillary nodes; strict pCR (br+n), no malignant tumor cells in the removed breast and axillary nodes. Comparison of the use of the term "pCR" in various trials reveals that it is not applied equivalently in these studies. CONCLUSION: Assessment of pCR needs to be standardized, with verification for reliability and validity. For now, the non-equivalency in the definition of pCR should be taken into account when comparing the results of PST.     

The Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio has a High Negative Predictive Value for Pathologic Complete Response in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a strong predictor of mortality in patients withpancreatic, colorectal, lung, gastric cancer and renal cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine therelationship between pathological complete response (pCR) and pretreatment NLR values in locally advancedbreast cancer (BC) patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Materials and Methods: Datawerecollected retrospectively from the Akdeniz University School of Medicine Database for locally advanced BCpatients treated with NACT between January 2000- December 2013. Results: A total of 78 patients were analyzed.Sixteen (20%) patients achieved pCR. Estrogen receptor (ER) positivity was lower in pCR+ than pCR- cases(p=0.011). The median NLR values were similar in both arms. The optimum NLR cut-off point for BC patientswith PCR+ was 2.33 (AUC:0.544, 95%CI [0.401- 0.688], p=0.586) with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictivevalue and negative predictive value (NPV) of 50%, 51,6%, 21,1%, and 80%, respectively. Conclusions: This studyshowed no relationship between the pCR and pretreatment NLR values. Because of a considerable high NPV,in the patients with higher NLR who had luminal type BC in which pCR is lower after NACT, such treatmentmay not be recommended.     

术前新辅助化疗对宫颈癌组织病理学动态变化及近远期疗效观察

目的探讨术前新辅助化疗(NACT)对宫颈癌组织病理学及近远期疗效的影响。方法将择期手术的Ⅰb期~Ⅱa2期宫颈鳞状细胞癌患者67例作为研究对象,均经临床病理确诊,根据治疗方法分为对照组(32例)和NACT组(35例)。对照组直接行手术治疗,NACT组术前给予以铂类为基础的NACT,末次化疗结束后2~3周行手术治疗。评估2组疗效,病理组织学Ⅱ+Ⅲ级为有效组,0+Ⅰ级为无效组;检测NACT有效组、无效组及对照组术前鳞状细胞癌相关抗原(SCC-Ag)、细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)水平,记录淋巴结转移率、宫旁浸润率及病理组织学变化。随访至2015年5月,记录2组复发率和死亡率。结果 NACT影像学疗效有效率71.43%(25/35),病理组织学有效率60.00%(21/35)。NACT后肿瘤细胞坏死、变形,血管组织和纤维组织增多代替肿瘤组织。NACT有效组SCCAg、CYFRA21-1均下降,同组治疗前后有差异,且低于NACT无效组和对照组(P<0.05);NACT无效组化疗前后和对照组上述指标无差异。NACT组和对照组宫颈深肌层浸润率、术后复发率和1年生存率比较无差异,NACT组盆腔淋巴结阳性率为11.43%,低于对照组37.50%(P<0.05);NACT有效组术后复发率为0%,低于无效组21.42%(P<0.05)。结论术前NACT有助于降低宫颈癌肿瘤标志物水平,促使病理组织学发生改变,可为临床评估疗效提供客观资料。     

Locally Advanced Breast Cancer in Jamaica: Prevalence,Disease Characteristics and Response to Preoperative Therapy

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Jamaican women. Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) isassociated with aggressive biology and poor prognosis, and has a predilection for African-American women. Inthis retrospective review, we assessed the prevalence of LABC as a breast cancer presentation in a population ofmainly Afro-centric ethnicity, and determined disease characteristics and response to pre-operative chemotherapy.LABC was prevalent (20%), and had a low pathological response rate to pre-operative chemotherapy, with ahigh risk of disease recurrence. Increased utilization of breast cancer screening may help detect cancer at lessadvanced stages, and optimizing pre-operative chemotherapy is recommended to improve response rates andultimately survival.     

Assessing the Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on the Management of the Breast and Axilla in Breast Cancer

BackgroundNodal status is a sensitive prognostic indicator in breast cancer. Axillary metastases may be an indication for neoadjuvant systemic therapy. The aims of this study were to compare pathologic response rates to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in the breast and axilla across different molecular subtypes of breast cancer and to compare the predictive value of axillary assessment before and after chemotherapy in determining final nodal status in this cohort of patients.Patients and MethodsThe cohort comprised patients undergoing NAC from 2003 to November 2012. Data regarding patient and tumor characteristics, management, and outcomes were obtained from a prospectively maintained database and analyzed using PASW Statistics, version 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL).ResultsTwo hundred two cancers were identified in 196 patients. One hundred thirty-one (65%) diagnostic axillary procedures were performed, 105 (80%) before NAC, of which 93 (89%) were positive. In 28 (30%), downstaging was noted before NAC. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) subtypes had the highest rate of complete pathologic response (n = 11 [61%]) and negative axillary clearance (AXCn) (n = 11 [69%]). Of 177 AXCns, 68 (38%) were negative before NAC.ConclusionAXCn in patients undergoing NAC remains controversial. HER2 subtypes are less likely to have axillary involvement after NAC and may demand different management.     

贲门癌术前大剂量放疗与单纯手术的比较(附60例报告)

我院胸外科在1987年3月至1989年3月随机性对Ⅲ期贲门癌30例行术前10MeVX线的直线加速器、10cm×10cm的前后两野快速、大剂量（25Gy／5次／5天）对穿照射，共和30例单纯手术的结果进行比较。组织学的有效率64％。放疗组肿瘤切除率为83．3％（25／30），单纯手术组为80％（24／30）。5年生存率放疗组30％（9／30），单纯手术组23.3％（7／30）。两组比较无显著性差异（p＞0．05）。术后并发症前者未增加。     

胃癌患者血清蛋白质指纹图谱的初步探讨

目的:探讨胃癌发生、发展过程中患者血清蛋白质指纹图谱,筛选与胃癌病理分期密切相关的蛋白质分子。方法:用WCX2(弱阳离子交换芯片)蛋白芯片结合表面增强激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(SELDI-TOF-MS)技术检测30例胃癌患者和26例健康者、3例胃良性病患者血清样本的蛋白质谱,同时采用相关计算机软件筛选不同组别间差异蛋白。结果:初步筛选出对早期胃癌有代表性的4个差异蛋白,质荷比(M/Z)分别为6193、6363、16073和16317;2个与胃癌脏器转移相关的差异蛋白(32463、34906M/Z)。结论:SELDI-TOF-MS蛋白质芯片用于胃癌患者血清蛋白质谱分析可筛选出有意义的差异表达蛋白,有进一步研究的价值。