语言学习困难儿童BAEP的观察与分析

目的：分析并探讨脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）在语言学习困难儿童中的变化规律及应用价值。方法：对１１０例患儿根据不同病因分为五组，结合正常对照，进行ＢＡＥＰ描记分析。结果：患儿ＢＡＥＰ总异常率为８４％，其中５１％为双侧ＢＡＥＰ各波消失；２１％为单侧ＢＡＥＰ各波消失，伴另侧ＢＡＥＰ各波潜伏期延长；１２％为双侧Ⅲ－Ⅴ波潜伏期及Ⅰ－Ⅲ、Ⅲ－Ⅴ峰间期延长。结论：ＢＡＥＰ对于语言学习困难儿童的听力损害及传导路径的异常可以提供有用的客观指标     

ApoE基因多态性和帕金森病相关研究

为探讨载脂蛋白Ｅ（ＡｐｏＥ）基因多态性和帕金森病（ＰＤ）的关系，利用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ技术检测７２例ＰＤ病人和６６例对照者的ＡｐｏＥ基因型，结果发现ＡｐｏＥ基因型和ε４等位基因在ＰＤ和对照组间分布无显著性差异，提示ＡｐｏＥε４并不象在ＡＤ作用机制那样是ＰＤ的遗传危险因素。但跟另一大宗对照组比较，ＰＤ组ＡｐｏＥε２基因明显增多，其原因尚未明，值得进一步研究。     

缺氧时肺动脉内皮细胞与肺动脉平滑肌细胞相互作用对细胞内环核苷酸的影响

目的：观察了培养的小牛肺动脉内皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣ）和肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭ）于缺氧时对细胞内环核苷酸的影响。结果：ＰＡＥＣ和ＰＡＳＭ共培养２４ｈ，ＰＡＥＣ细胞内ｃＡＭＰ含量显著降低（Ｐ＜００１），而ＰＡＳＭ细胞内ｃＡＭＰ含量显著增加（Ｐ＜００１），二种细胞内ｃＧＭＰ含量均显著降低（Ｐ＜００１）。缺氧对二种细胞内ｃＡＭＰ含量无显著影响，但能增加ＰＡＳＭ的ｃＧＭＰ含量（Ｐ＜００１），降低ＰＡＥＣ的ｃＧＭＰ含量（Ｐ＜００１）。ＮＯ合酶抑制剂硝基精氨酸对二种细胞的ｃＡＭＰ含量均无显著影响，但能使常氧培养的ＰＡＥＣ和缺氧培养的ＰＡＳＭ细胞内的ｃＧＭＰ含量显著降低（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：ＰＡＥＣ和ＰＡＳＭ的相互作用可引起第二信使系统传递的变化；缺氧可抑制ＰＡＥＣ的ＮＯ合酶活性而诱导ＰＡＳＭ的ＮＯ合酶活性     

急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病的诱发电位、CT和脑电图研究

目的：研究急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病（ＤＥＡＣＭＰ）患者的诱发电位（ＥＰ）、ＣＴ和脑电图（ＥＥＧ）。方法：对４６例ＤＥＡＣＭＰ患者进行ＥＰ、ＣＴ和ＥＥＧ检查。结果：异常率体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）８３％、视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）６３％，脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）３０％，ＣＴ７１％，ＥＥＧ１００％。ＳＥＰ中的Ｐ４０、Ｎ５０、Ｐ６０和Ｎ７５峰潜伏期（ＰＬ）比正常对照组显著延长。ＶＥＰ的Ｐ１００ＰＬ较对照组明显延长。ＢＡＥＰ的Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ波ＰＬ及Ⅰ—Ⅲ、Ⅲ—Ⅴ和Ⅰ—Ⅴ峰间期（ＩＰＬ）与对照组比较无显著性差异。结论：ＥＰ、ＣＴ和ＥＥＧ结合临床观察，对ＤＥＡＣＭＰ的定位诊断、病情判断与预后评估均有意义。     

面神经逆行诱发电位的临床初探

目的探讨人体面神经逆行诱发电位（ＦＮＡＥＰ）的特点及其临床应用价值。方法采用极性交替的恒流刺激电信号经皮电刺激茎乳孔面神经，在正常人鼓膜（１５耳）及鼓室（９耳）记录ＦＮＡＥＰ。结果都能记录到ＦＮＡＥＰ，且其波幅随刺激强度的增大而增大，当刺激强度为阈强度的２倍时，ＦＮＡＥＰ达到最大；急性颞骨内面瘫后ＦＮＡＥＰ波幅减小、峰潜伏期延长，并随面瘫的好转，ＦＮＡＥＰ逐渐恢复正常。结论ＦＮＡＥＰ可作为早期诊断急性颞骨内面瘫的一种新方法。     

ANAE染色和抗Thy1—SPA菌体花环双标记法的建立及其用于检测 …

目的 建立ＡＮＡＥ染色联合抗Ｔｈｙ１ＳＰＡ菌体花环双标记法，并试图利用此法证明抗θ抗体对ＡＮＡＥ阳性淋巴细胞的特异作用。方法 利用双标记法对正常小鼠胸腺及脾细胞进行检测，观察抗Ｔｈｙ１ＳＰＡ抗体对ＡＮＡＥ阳性细胞结合的专一性。结果 双标记法中，抗Ｔｈｙ１ＳＰＡ菌体花环阳性同ＡＮＡＥ阳性一样，能很好反映６１５小鼠胸腺或脾脏Ｔ细胞数（Ｐ〉０．０５）；胸腺和脾脏细胞Ｔｈｙ１＾＋－ＡＮＡＥ＾＋率，即双标记     

缺氧时肺动脉内皮细胞与肺动脉平滑肌细胞相互作用对细胞内 …

目的：观察了培养的小牛肺动脉内皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣ）和肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭ）于缺氧时对细胞内环核苷酸的影响。结果：ＰＡＥＣ和ＵＰＡＳＭ共培养２４ｈ，ＰＡＥＣ细胞内ｃＡＭＰ含量显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１），而ＰＡＳＭ细胞内ｃＡＭＰ含量显著增加（Ｐ〈０．０１），二种细胞内ｃＧＭＰ含量显著增加（Ｐ〈０．０１）。缺氧对二种细胞内ｃＧＭＰ含量无显著影响，但能增加ＰＡＳＭ的ｃＧＭＰ含量（Ｐ〈０．０１），降低ＰＡ     

多抗—单抗夹心法时间分辨免疫荧光分析人甲胎蛋白

本文应用兔抗ｈＡＦＰＩｇＧ包板，异硫氰酸苯基－ＥＤＴＡ－Ｅｕ＾３＾＋标记抗ｈＡＦＰＭｃＡｂ，建立子固相夹心二步法分析ｈＡＦＰ技术。结果显示，分析范围是６．２５－１００．００μｇ／ｍｌ，测定７６例孕妇血清样品，同所购ＤＥＬＦＩＡｈＡＦＰ药盒结果相关性好（ｒ＝０．９７）。表明该法较为实用。     

精神运动性癫痫患者脑诱发电位初步观察

目的研究脑诱发电位在精神运动性癫痫病人的应用。方法应用诱发电位仪对１６例精神运动性癫痫的听觉诱发电位（ＡＥＰ）、视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）和听觉事件相关电位（听觉Ｐ３００）作了检测，并与正常对照组进行了比较。结果患者组波形变异大，潜伏期ＡＥＰ的Ｐ２、Ｐ３，ＶＥＰ的Ｎ１、Ｐ２以及Ｐ３００靶刺激的Ｐ２、Ｎ２均延迟，非靶刺激的Ｎ１前移。波幅ＡＥＰ的Ｐ２、ＶＥＰ的Ｐ２、Ｐ３降低，与正常对照组有显著性差异。结论ＢＥＰ技术可作为脑电图检查的一种补充手段，以便临床参考诊断此类病征。     

滇西八个少数民族人群六种红细胞酶的遗传多态性

采用ＥｓＤ－ＰＧＭ１－ＧＬＯＩ同步电泳分型法和ＥＡＰ－ＡＤＡ－ＡＫ，同步电泳分型法，对滇西８个少数民族人群的红细胞酶ＥｓＤ、ＰＧＭ１、ＧＬＯＩ、ＥＡＰ、ＡＤＡ和ＡＫ１的表型分布进行了调查。计算出上述６种红细胞酶在僳僳族、纳西族、景颇族、普米族、怒族、阿昌族、德昂族和独龙族中的基因频率范围分别为：ＥｓＤ１０．６１２７～０．７２８２，ＰＧＭ１０．６６６７～０．８１００，ＧＬＯ１０．０８３３～０．２２１２，ＥＡＰＡ０．０９２２～０．３５２４，ＡＤＡ１０．９１２６～０．９９００，ＡＫ１１０．９９０５～１．００００．本次调查在６个民族中检出ＰＧＭ１６基因，其基因频率范围为０．００３３～０．０２９４．未发现其它酶型的变异型，亦未检出ＥＡＰｃ基因。对被调查人群中存在着的各酶型分布差异进行了分析。     

Prospective application of an expert system for the medical history of joint pain

Summary An expert system with 60 questions about medical history was developed for 32 rheumatologic diseases: 358 outpatients with joint complaints have been examined. The final diagnosis (result of symptoms, signs, and findings) was compared with the computer diagnoses and with the independently assumed diagnoses of the physician. The only source of information available to the physician was the medical history. Misinterpretation of the computer diagnoses occurred in 25.6% of cases compared with 21.5% of the physician. The final clinical diagnosis remained uncertain in 32.6% of cases. The error frequency of the expert system was influenced by the underlying disease, the certainty of the assumed diagnosis by the physician, the user experience in rheumatology, the number of questions asked, and the time of application before or after the doctor-patient contact. Of the errors 44% were produced because of information deficits of the computer using standardized questions. The information of the physician in the diagnostic process is quite different to that of the computer.Abbreviations XPS expert system - DIP distal interphalangeal joints - ARA American Rheumatology Association - OA osteoarthritis - Osteoarthritis g.j. osteoarthritis of greater joints     

穿戴式生物传感系统的研究新进展

穿戴式生物传感系统是近年发展起来的一种新型生命参数动态监测系统。该系统通常由无线的小型传感器、手持单元和专家系统构成。其中,穿戴式生物传感器和数据分析处理部分是生物传感系统中的两大技术。其研究发展分基础和应用两方面。在未来的发展中,穿戴式生物传感器将与多学科相结合并向小型化、智能化方向发展。     

Psychological illness is commonly associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders and is important to consider during patient consultation: a population-based study

Background

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are major components of the cerebral cortex and visual system, where they play a critical role in neural development. We quantitatively mapped fatty acids in 26 regions of the four-week-old breastfed baboon CNS, and studied the influence of dietary DHA and ARA supplementation and prematurity on CNS DHA and ARA concentrations.

Methods

Baboons were randomized into a breastfed (B) and four formula-fed groups: term, no DHA/ARA (T-); term, DHA/ARA supplemented (T+); preterm, no DHA/ARA (P-); preterm and DHA/ARA supplemented (P+). At four weeks adjusted age, brains were dissected and total fatty acids analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.

Results

DHA and ARA are rich in many more structures than previously reported. They are most concentrated in structures local to the brain stem and diencephalon, particularly the basal ganglia, limbic regions, thalamus and midbrain, and comparatively lower in white matter. Dietary supplementation increased DHA in all structures but had little influence on ARA concentrations. Supplementation restored DHA concentrations to levels of breastfed neonates in all regions except the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Prematurityper se did not exert a strong influence on DHA or ARA concentrations.

Conclusion

1) DHA and ARA are found in high concentration throughout the primate CNS, particularly in gray matter such as basal ganglia; 2) DHA concentrations drop across most CNS structures in neonates consuming formulas with no DHA, but ARA levels are relatively immune to ARA in the diet; 3) supplementation of infant formula is effective at restoring DHA concentration in structures other than the cerebral cortex. These results will be useful as a guide to future investigations of CNS function in the absence of dietary DHA and ARA.     

Conversion of excision-repairable DNA lesions to micronuclei within one cell cycle in human lymphocytes.

The human lymphocyte micronucleus (MN) assay is relatively insensitive to genotoxic agents that predominantly induce excision-repairable lesions such as adducts and abasic sites. In this study we have explored the possibility of using cytosine arabinoside (ARA) to convert excision-repairable DNA lesions to micronuclei (MN) within one cell cycle. The system consisted of human lymphocytes as target cells, the cytokinesis-block (CB) method for identifying cells that had completed one nuclear division only, and X-rays, methylnitrosourea (MNU), and ultraviolet light (UV) as mutagens. With each mutagen we have observed significant increments in induced MN in the cultures that had also been treated with ARA during G1. The slope of the dose-response curves for induction of MN was increased by a factor of approximately 1.8 for X-rays and 10.3 for UV and significant MNU induction of MN was only achieved in the cultures treated with ARA. Furthermore, a 24-hr gap between mutagen exposure and the start of the assay did not abolish the increased sensitivity in the cultures treated with ARA. These observations suggested that the combined ARA and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) method may enhance the detection of exposure to genotoxic agents that predominantly induce excision-repairable lesions.     

The reduction of artifacts due to metal hip implants in CT-attenuation corrected PET images from hybrid PET/CT scanners

CT beam hardening artifacts near metal hip implants may erroneously enhance or diminish radiotracer uptake following CT attenuation correction (AC) of PET images. An artifact reduction algorithm (ARA) was developed to reduce metal artifacts in CT-based AC-PET. The algorithm employed a Bayes classifier to identify beam-hardening artifacts, followed by a partial correction of the attenuation map. ARA was implemented on phantom and patient 18F-FDG studies using a clinical PET/CT scanner. In phantom studies ARA successfully removed two artifacts of erroneously elevated uptake near a stainless steel hip prosthesis which were depicted in the standard CT-AC PET. ARA has also identified two targets absent on the scanner PET images. Target-to-background ratios were 1.5-3 times higher for ARA-PET than scanner images. In a patient study, metal artifacts were of lower intensity in ARA-PET as compared to standard images. Potentially, ARA may improve detectability of small lesions located near metal hip implants.     

Distinctive effects of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on neural stem /progenitor cells

Arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are the dominant polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain, have crucial roles in brain development and function. Recent studies have shown that ARA and DHA promote postnatal neurogenesis. However, the direct effects of ARA on neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and the effects of ARA and DHA on NSPCs at the neurogenic and subsequent gliogenic stages are still unknown. Here, we analyzed the effects of ARA and DHA on neurogenesis, specifically maintenance and differentiation, using neurosphere assays. We confirmed that primary neurospheres are neurogenic NSPCs and that tertiary neurospheres are gliogenic NSPCs. Regarding the effects of ARA and DHA on neurogenic NSPCs, ARA and DHA increased the number of neurospheres, whereas neither ARA nor DHA had a detectable effect on NSPCs in the differentiation condition. In gliogenic NSPCs, DHA increased the number of neurospheres, whereas ARA had no such effect. In contrast, ARA increased the number of astrocytes, whereas DHA increased the number of neurons in the differentiation condition. These results suggest that ARA promotes the maintenance of neurogenic NSPCs and might induce the glial differentiation of gliogenic NSPCs and that DHA promotes the maintenance of both neurogenic and gliogenic NSPCs and might lead to the neuronal differentiation of gliogenic NSPCs.     

Characterization of distal hydrogen ion secretion in acute respiratory alkalosis.

The effect of acute respiratory alkalosis (ARA) on distal nephron H+ secretion was evaluated by measuring urine-to-blood (U-B) Pco2 in dogs with highly alkaline urine (urine pH greater than 7.8). ARA led to a significant decrease in U-B Pco2 and in urine HCO3 concentration; urine pH, however, increased significantly, indicating that the decrease in urine Pco2 was of greater magnitude than the decrease in urine HCO3 concentration. For any given urine HCO3 concentration urine Pco2 was lower (i.e., urine pH was higher) in ARA than in controls. Administration of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) during ARA resulted in a significant increase in U-B Pco2 to control values. In animals with moderately alkaline urine (urine pH 6.4--7.4) and high urine PO4 concentration, ARA resulted in a significant decrease in UB-Pco2 and urine PO4 concentrations. Neutral PO4 infusion in these dogs resulted in an increase in urine PO4 concentration and U-B Pco2 to control levels. These data demonstrate that ARA results in a significant decrease in U-B Pco2 that is not solely attributable to changes in urine HCO3 concentration. The observation that Tris and PO4 infusion during ARA raises U-B Pco2 to control levels suggests that the ability to secrete H+ is intact.